in the presence of oxygen
... • ATP synthase rotates and adds a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP. ...
... • ATP synthase rotates and adds a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP. ...
Document
... catalysis by aspartic proteinases do not involve a covalent intermediate, even though a tetrahedral intermediate is transiently formed. Rather, nucleophilic attack is achieved by two simultaneous proton transfers: one from a water molecule to one of the two carboxyl groups and a second one from the ...
... catalysis by aspartic proteinases do not involve a covalent intermediate, even though a tetrahedral intermediate is transiently formed. Rather, nucleophilic attack is achieved by two simultaneous proton transfers: one from a water molecule to one of the two carboxyl groups and a second one from the ...
Types of Chemical Reactions
... Divide the smallest number of moles of an element into the moles of each element present. Convert the fractional ratios for each element into whole numbers by multiplying all the ratios by the same number. The resulting numbers are the subscripts for the each element in the empirical formula. ...
... Divide the smallest number of moles of an element into the moles of each element present. Convert the fractional ratios for each element into whole numbers by multiplying all the ratios by the same number. The resulting numbers are the subscripts for the each element in the empirical formula. ...
Chemical Reactions (L1)
... Ag+, Pb2+, or Hg22+. All sulfates are soluble except those containing Hg22+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, or Ba2+. All hydroxides are insoluble except compounds of the alkali metals, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+. All compounds containing PO43-, S2-, CO32-, and SO32- ions are insoluble except those that also contain al ...
... Ag+, Pb2+, or Hg22+. All sulfates are soluble except those containing Hg22+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, or Ba2+. All hydroxides are insoluble except compounds of the alkali metals, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+. All compounds containing PO43-, S2-, CO32-, and SO32- ions are insoluble except those that also contain al ...
Oxidation numbers
... there will be a transfer of electrons between them in an oxidation-reduction reaction. In these instances the valence electrons involved can no longer be thought of as being "lost or gained" between the atoms, but instead, are only partially transferred, moving closer to that atom which has the high ...
... there will be a transfer of electrons between them in an oxidation-reduction reaction. In these instances the valence electrons involved can no longer be thought of as being "lost or gained" between the atoms, but instead, are only partially transferred, moving closer to that atom which has the high ...
BSU Reading Guide Chapter 7 Respiration
... third protein complex called the bc1complex (the purple structure), which again acts as a proton pump. The electrons are then shuttled by another carrier C to a fourth protein complex called cytochrome oxidase(the light blue structure). This complex uses each of these electrons both to pump another ...
... third protein complex called the bc1complex (the purple structure), which again acts as a proton pump. The electrons are then shuttled by another carrier C to a fourth protein complex called cytochrome oxidase(the light blue structure). This complex uses each of these electrons both to pump another ...
Chemical Equations
... Chemical equations are used to describe chemical reactions The chemical symbols for the reactants are shown on the left The chemical symbols for the products are shown on the right An arrow (→) is used to indicate that reactants are converting to products A plus sign (+) is used to separat ...
... Chemical equations are used to describe chemical reactions The chemical symbols for the reactants are shown on the left The chemical symbols for the products are shown on the right An arrow (→) is used to indicate that reactants are converting to products A plus sign (+) is used to separat ...
CELLULAR RESPIRTION Powerpoint
... these electrons are carried to the electron transport chain in the form of NADH to make most of the ATP 6. Know that the entire process converts 1 molecule of glucose to 36 molecules of ATP mainly through the enzyme ATP synthase. 7. Know that oxygen is needed to accept the electrons after they have ...
... these electrons are carried to the electron transport chain in the form of NADH to make most of the ATP 6. Know that the entire process converts 1 molecule of glucose to 36 molecules of ATP mainly through the enzyme ATP synthase. 7. Know that oxygen is needed to accept the electrons after they have ...
Structure-Functional Study of Tyrosine and Methionine Dipeptides
... (2) The study of electronic and molecular descriptors of redox-active amino acids, tyrosine and methionine-containing dipeptides by Density Functional Theory method. 2. Results and Discussion One of the central problems in the study of antioxidants is to establish structure-functional patterns and p ...
... (2) The study of electronic and molecular descriptors of redox-active amino acids, tyrosine and methionine-containing dipeptides by Density Functional Theory method. 2. Results and Discussion One of the central problems in the study of antioxidants is to establish structure-functional patterns and p ...
Types of Chemical Reactions (rxns.)
... A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). element + compoundà product + product A + BC à AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC à BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!) ...
... A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). element + compoundà product + product A + BC à AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC à BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!) ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 22: Fatty acid desaturation Relationship of
... interest, but they fall outside the scope of this course). In order to make arachidonate, animals must consume linoleate, 18:2 (∆ ∆ 9, 12) or α -linolenate , ...
... interest, but they fall outside the scope of this course). In order to make arachidonate, animals must consume linoleate, 18:2 (∆ ∆ 9, 12) or α -linolenate , ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest
... This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
... This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
Cellular Respiration
... sugar is split into 2 three-carbon sugars. These smaller sugars are then oxidized (lose electrons) and their remaining atoms rearranged to form 2 molecules of pyruvate. This is a 10-step process, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme…with an energy input and energy payoff phase (Figure 9.8 page 161). ...
... sugar is split into 2 three-carbon sugars. These smaller sugars are then oxidized (lose electrons) and their remaining atoms rearranged to form 2 molecules of pyruvate. This is a 10-step process, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme…with an energy input and energy payoff phase (Figure 9.8 page 161). ...
Condensation is a chemical reaction in which one molecule is
... Condensation Polymerization Reactions In one type of polymerization reaction, a series of condensation steps takes place whereby monomers or monomer chains add to each other to form longer chains. This is termed "condensation polymerization," or "step-growth polymerization," and occurs in such proce ...
... Condensation Polymerization Reactions In one type of polymerization reaction, a series of condensation steps takes place whereby monomers or monomer chains add to each other to form longer chains. This is termed "condensation polymerization," or "step-growth polymerization," and occurs in such proce ...
Molecular Modeling Activity for Carbohydrates
... 10. How many times larger is the number of hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms in a disaccharide? ________ 11. How many monosaccharide molecules are needed to form one sucrose molecule? ________ The production of a disaccharide is a chemical reaction called a dehydration synthesis reaction. In such a r ...
... 10. How many times larger is the number of hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms in a disaccharide? ________ 11. How many monosaccharide molecules are needed to form one sucrose molecule? ________ The production of a disaccharide is a chemical reaction called a dehydration synthesis reaction. In such a r ...
Ch. 6 ppt
... • The molecules of the electron transport chain are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner ...
... • The molecules of the electron transport chain are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner ...
Carbonyl group is a functional group of (Aldehyde, Ketone)
... The presence of Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids: Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids are present in different compounds of human body, here is some of them:①-Monosaccharides: Monosaccharide's are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyzed to small molecules, contain carbons with functional ...
... The presence of Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids: Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids are present in different compounds of human body, here is some of them:①-Monosaccharides: Monosaccharide's are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyzed to small molecules, contain carbons with functional ...
Lecture 7
... Like group 1 compounds, much of the reactivity is due to the reactions of the anions, but unlike group 1, the cations here have twice as much charge and so are more polarizing. This polarizing power is especially noticeable at the top of the group: the beryllium ion is very small and polarizes water ...
... Like group 1 compounds, much of the reactivity is due to the reactions of the anions, but unlike group 1, the cations here have twice as much charge and so are more polarizing. This polarizing power is especially noticeable at the top of the group: the beryllium ion is very small and polarizes water ...
File - Varsity Field
... Arrhenius – proposed that acids, bases and salts can dissolve in water and forms ions → i.e. electrolytes. – focuses on the formation of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions. • An acid is a substance that, when added to water, increases the concentration of H+ - ions (in ...
... Arrhenius – proposed that acids, bases and salts can dissolve in water and forms ions → i.e. electrolytes. – focuses on the formation of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions. • An acid is a substance that, when added to water, increases the concentration of H+ - ions (in ...
![[j26]Chapter 5#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009375917_1-4b76508e3cea6c5c195183cfa3853e79-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 5#
... ___ 16. In addition to energy (ATP), what is (are) the final product(s) of aerobic respiration? a. O2 and CO2 b. CO2 and H2O c. O2 and H2O d. CO2 only ___ 17. Following aerobic respiration, approximately what percent of the chemical bond energy present in a glucose molecule is captured in high-energ ...
... ___ 16. In addition to energy (ATP), what is (are) the final product(s) of aerobic respiration? a. O2 and CO2 b. CO2 and H2O c. O2 and H2O d. CO2 only ___ 17. Following aerobic respiration, approximately what percent of the chemical bond energy present in a glucose molecule is captured in high-energ ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... 2. Electrostatic repulsion between three of four negative charges on the phosphate at neutral pH. DG becomes even lower at higher pH values which produces more charge. 3. Solvation energy of a phosphoanhydride bond is less than that of its hydrolysis products. ...
... 2. Electrostatic repulsion between three of four negative charges on the phosphate at neutral pH. DG becomes even lower at higher pH values which produces more charge. 3. Solvation energy of a phosphoanhydride bond is less than that of its hydrolysis products. ...
VISUALIZING CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... 18. Click on Review to see how this happens step by step. You don’t have to know the “detail” in the review…it is just for information. Once you watch what is happening, try to do the review. You need to add the cofactors (ATP, NADH and P just like the Review…and, it actually shows you how things ta ...
... 18. Click on Review to see how this happens step by step. You don’t have to know the “detail” in the review…it is just for information. Once you watch what is happening, try to do the review. You need to add the cofactors (ATP, NADH and P just like the Review…and, it actually shows you how things ta ...
Lecture 19
... 2. Electrostatic repulsion between three of four negative charges on the phosphate at neutral pH. ΔG becomes even lower at higher pH values which produces more charge. 3. Solvation energy of a phosphoanhydride bond is less than that of its hydrolysis products. ...
... 2. Electrostatic repulsion between three of four negative charges on the phosphate at neutral pH. ΔG becomes even lower at higher pH values which produces more charge. 3. Solvation energy of a phosphoanhydride bond is less than that of its hydrolysis products. ...
Organic Chemistry
... although the detailed description of steps is not always clear from a list of reactants alone. The stepwise course of any given reaction mechanism can be represented using arrow pushing techniques in which curved arrows are used to track the movement of electrons as starting materials transition thr ...
... although the detailed description of steps is not always clear from a list of reactants alone. The stepwise course of any given reaction mechanism can be represented using arrow pushing techniques in which curved arrows are used to track the movement of electrons as starting materials transition thr ...
RES8_chemcontentchecklist
... State and explain the tetrahedral shape around each carbon atom in alkanes. Explain in terms of van der Waals’ forces the variations in the boiling points of alkanes with different carbon-chain length and branching. Describe the combustion of alkanes, leading to their use as fuels in industry, in th ...
... State and explain the tetrahedral shape around each carbon atom in alkanes. Explain in terms of van der Waals’ forces the variations in the boiling points of alkanes with different carbon-chain length and branching. Describe the combustion of alkanes, leading to their use as fuels in industry, in th ...
Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.