![Summary of Additional A-level Paper 2 content - A](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000107345_1-2a42576ca77ab8f905ecde6368cb867e-300x300.png)
Summary of Additional A-level Paper 2 content - A
... I can describe biodiesel as a mixture of methyl esters of long-chain carboxylic acids, which is produced by reacting vegetable oils with methanol in the presence of a catalyst ...
... I can describe biodiesel as a mixture of methyl esters of long-chain carboxylic acids, which is produced by reacting vegetable oils with methanol in the presence of a catalyst ...
Spring 1997 - University of Idaho
... EDTA hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, k = 109 M-1 s-1 Under inflamed conditions Fe undergoes migration due to oxidative attack of low ...
... EDTA hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, k = 109 M-1 s-1 Under inflamed conditions Fe undergoes migration due to oxidative attack of low ...
Macromolecules Exercise Ver8 - STAR
... and was designed and created in collaboration with Shannon Donnelly (North Shore Technical High School) and David Stanley (JFYNetworks). ...
... and was designed and created in collaboration with Shannon Donnelly (North Shore Technical High School) and David Stanley (JFYNetworks). ...
Redox cycling
... can thereby only be transferred to electron acceptors Compounds that easily donate electrons have a tendency to reduce other compounds and are therefore often called reductants Compounds that easily take up electrons can often oxidize other compounds and can therefore be called oxidants The ox ...
... can thereby only be transferred to electron acceptors Compounds that easily donate electrons have a tendency to reduce other compounds and are therefore often called reductants Compounds that easily take up electrons can often oxidize other compounds and can therefore be called oxidants The ox ...
7 energy for cells
... and urination rids the body of excess water. d. to acquire chemical energy in a form cells can use e. ATP molecules 2. a. glycolysis b. preparatory reaction c. citric acid cycle d. electron transport chain 3. a. 2, 2, 34 b. electron transport chain 4. a. cytoplasm b. no c. glucose d. pyruvate e. two ...
... and urination rids the body of excess water. d. to acquire chemical energy in a form cells can use e. ATP molecules 2. a. glycolysis b. preparatory reaction c. citric acid cycle d. electron transport chain 3. a. 2, 2, 34 b. electron transport chain 4. a. cytoplasm b. no c. glucose d. pyruvate e. two ...
SOL Review Part 3 Nomenclature reactions
... Elements from which two groups in the periodic table would most likely combine with each other to form an ionic compound? A 1 and 2 B 16 and 17 C 1 and 17 D 17 and 18 ...
... Elements from which two groups in the periodic table would most likely combine with each other to form an ionic compound? A 1 and 2 B 16 and 17 C 1 and 17 D 17 and 18 ...
Cellular respiration
... • Energy lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is a source of substances for synthesis of fats and nonessential amino acids ...
... • Energy lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is a source of substances for synthesis of fats and nonessential amino acids ...
Metabolism Review - Local.brookings.k12.sd.us
... Product does not increase any more because enzyme has run out of substrate Essential knowledge 4.B.1.d. The change in function of an enzyme can be interpreted from data regarding the concentrations of product or substrate as a function of time. These representations demonstrate the relationship betw ...
... Product does not increase any more because enzyme has run out of substrate Essential knowledge 4.B.1.d. The change in function of an enzyme can be interpreted from data regarding the concentrations of product or substrate as a function of time. These representations demonstrate the relationship betw ...
Pharmacologyonline 3: 319-326 (2009) Sariri et al.
... It is known that polyphenols are good scavengers of free radicals. DPPH· is a stable free radical and accepts hydrogen radical to become a stable diamagnetic molecule, yellow coloured diphenylpicrylhydrazine [20]. The DPPH· scavenging capacity of most plant extracts may be mostly related to their ph ...
... It is known that polyphenols are good scavengers of free radicals. DPPH· is a stable free radical and accepts hydrogen radical to become a stable diamagnetic molecule, yellow coloured diphenylpicrylhydrazine [20]. The DPPH· scavenging capacity of most plant extracts may be mostly related to their ph ...
Structure and Properties of Hemoglobin Learning Objectives What
... Binding of oxygen to Hb causes rupture of ionic & hydrogen bonds b/w dimers and have more freedom of movement ...
... Binding of oxygen to Hb causes rupture of ionic & hydrogen bonds b/w dimers and have more freedom of movement ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
... 2. Neutralization: The most important reaction of acids and bases is called neutralization. In these reactions an acid combines with a base to form a salt and water. For example: ...
... 2. Neutralization: The most important reaction of acids and bases is called neutralization. In these reactions an acid combines with a base to form a salt and water. For example: ...
1.1 Functional Groups of Biomolecules and their Reactions
... disulfides and phosphates (Table 1.1.1) all have a carbon forming a single bond with a more electronegative atom, causing the carbon to bear a partial positive charge (δ+). These modifications affect both the σ- and π-bonds, although in the case of some π-bonds the resonance effect should also be co ...
... disulfides and phosphates (Table 1.1.1) all have a carbon forming a single bond with a more electronegative atom, causing the carbon to bear a partial positive charge (δ+). These modifications affect both the σ- and π-bonds, although in the case of some π-bonds the resonance effect should also be co ...
reactions taking place within cells
... Alkyl groups-CnH2n + 1 Not capable of independent existence but occurs within other molecules, CH3 methyl group, CH2CH3 ethyl group Nomenclature A systematic way of naming chemical compounds ...
... Alkyl groups-CnH2n + 1 Not capable of independent existence but occurs within other molecules, CH3 methyl group, CH2CH3 ethyl group Nomenclature A systematic way of naming chemical compounds ...
Practice Cellular Respiration Test
... a) It produces ATP b) It produces lactate c) It produces ADP for the electron transport chain d) It replenishes pyruvate so that the Krebs cycle can occur e) It replenishes NAD+ so that glycolysis can produce ATP _____ 18. What is the purpose of oxygen (O2) in aerobic respiration? a) Oxygen accepts ...
... a) It produces ATP b) It produces lactate c) It produces ADP for the electron transport chain d) It replenishes pyruvate so that the Krebs cycle can occur e) It replenishes NAD+ so that glycolysis can produce ATP _____ 18. What is the purpose of oxygen (O2) in aerobic respiration? a) Oxygen accepts ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Because they could harness so much of the potential energy of food molecules, organisms using this oxygen-involving process had an enormous evolutionary advantage. ...
... Because they could harness so much of the potential energy of food molecules, organisms using this oxygen-involving process had an enormous evolutionary advantage. ...
Chapter 3 – Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations This chapter
... Example: Consider the reaction: CS2 + 3 O2 CO2 + 2 SO2. What mass of O2 is required to react ...
... Example: Consider the reaction: CS2 + 3 O2 CO2 + 2 SO2. What mass of O2 is required to react ...
print
... • In contrast to the carboxylic acid derivatives, nitriles are named as alkane derivatives. • Find the longest chain that contains the CN and add the word nitrile to the name of parent alkane. • Number the chain to put CN at C1, but omit this number from the name. • Common names of nitriles are ...
... • In contrast to the carboxylic acid derivatives, nitriles are named as alkane derivatives. • Find the longest chain that contains the CN and add the word nitrile to the name of parent alkane. • Number the chain to put CN at C1, but omit this number from the name. • Common names of nitriles are ...
Lecture Resource ()
... Secondary and tertiary amines can be prepared from imines and enamines by reducing the imines or enamines ...
... Secondary and tertiary amines can be prepared from imines and enamines by reducing the imines or enamines ...
Aqueous Solutions
... –2 when part of a compound. The exception is when it is part of a peroxide. For example, hydrogen peroxide H2O2. Then it has an oxidation state of –1. ...
... –2 when part of a compound. The exception is when it is part of a peroxide. For example, hydrogen peroxide H2O2. Then it has an oxidation state of –1. ...
Biochem03 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... D. asparagine and glutamine may be N-glycosylated. E. may be amidated, if they are N-terminal. 4. Amino acids: A. have more than one a-carbon atom. B. cannot participate in covalent bond formation. C. only ever have two pKs. D. are all chiral, except for glycine. E. occur in nature exclusively in th ...
... D. asparagine and glutamine may be N-glycosylated. E. may be amidated, if they are N-terminal. 4. Amino acids: A. have more than one a-carbon atom. B. cannot participate in covalent bond formation. C. only ever have two pKs. D. are all chiral, except for glycine. E. occur in nature exclusively in th ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... List several activities in the cell that use ATP. Compare the efficiency of cellular respiration versus the burning of gas in an automobile. Define the term catabolism. Discuss the relationship between catabolic and anabolic pathways. For each of the following molecules describe how it is modified s ...
... List several activities in the cell that use ATP. Compare the efficiency of cellular respiration versus the burning of gas in an automobile. Define the term catabolism. Discuss the relationship between catabolic and anabolic pathways. For each of the following molecules describe how it is modified s ...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
... normal balancing it is a required step in the process of redox reactions. One of the most accepted methods of balancing a redox reaction is known as the half-equation method, however it can become more complex when involving basic or acidic solutions. In this module, a brief introduction to this dif ...
... normal balancing it is a required step in the process of redox reactions. One of the most accepted methods of balancing a redox reaction is known as the half-equation method, however it can become more complex when involving basic or acidic solutions. In this module, a brief introduction to this dif ...
2_3 Slides - Lipids _ Carbs
... Obesity is an increasing problem in some countries. Obesity increases the risk of conditions such as coronary heart disease and type II diabetes. It reduces life expectancy significantly and is increasing the overall costs of health care in countries where rates of obesity are rising. ...
... Obesity is an increasing problem in some countries. Obesity increases the risk of conditions such as coronary heart disease and type II diabetes. It reduces life expectancy significantly and is increasing the overall costs of health care in countries where rates of obesity are rising. ...
Radical (chemistry)
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydroxyl_radical.png?width=300)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.