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CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. ° One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ° Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter the mit ...
... 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. ° One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ° Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter the mit ...
Respiration
... • Even glycolysis would stop if no Reduced NAD is reoxidised. • Rather, each pyruvate molecule produced in glycolysis takes hydrogen ions from Reduced NAD – to form Lactic Acid. ...
... • Even glycolysis would stop if no Reduced NAD is reoxidised. • Rather, each pyruvate molecule produced in glycolysis takes hydrogen ions from Reduced NAD – to form Lactic Acid. ...
Cell Respiration
... • During the phases of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, a single molecule of glucose is gradually broken apart in 20 sequential biochemical reactions into different carbohydrate intermediates – only 4 molecules of ATP are synthesized during these phases by the energy released from the breaking of cov ...
... • During the phases of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, a single molecule of glucose is gradually broken apart in 20 sequential biochemical reactions into different carbohydrate intermediates – only 4 molecules of ATP are synthesized during these phases by the energy released from the breaking of cov ...
Total antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid
... The antioxidant studies of different vegetables in Nigeria have been done. This study focused on total antioxidant activity in Nigerian local vegetables (Table 2). Total antioxidant activity of the vegetables ranged from 22.15% ...
... The antioxidant studies of different vegetables in Nigeria have been done. This study focused on total antioxidant activity in Nigerian local vegetables (Table 2). Total antioxidant activity of the vegetables ranged from 22.15% ...
H2 Chemistry Syllabus (9729)
... matter and energy in the quantitative treatment of reactions such as stoichiometry and thermochemistry. At A Level, an in-depth study of the electronic structure of atoms provides the basis for the study of chemical bonding. The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to visualis ...
... matter and energy in the quantitative treatment of reactions such as stoichiometry and thermochemistry. At A Level, an in-depth study of the electronic structure of atoms provides the basis for the study of chemical bonding. The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to visualis ...
Chapter 3 Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Heterogeneous
... the extent of OPM contribution if the reactions are kinetically favorable. This study does not yield any information regarding the kinetics; therefore, evidence of additional OPM formation may remain unobservable at short time scales. On the other hand, we focus only on determining the solution-phas ...
... the extent of OPM contribution if the reactions are kinetically favorable. This study does not yield any information regarding the kinetics; therefore, evidence of additional OPM formation may remain unobservable at short time scales. On the other hand, we focus only on determining the solution-phas ...
09_DetailLectOut_jkAR
... The electron transport chain provides about one-third less energy for ATP synthesis when the electron donor is FADH2 rather than NADH. ...
... The electron transport chain provides about one-third less energy for ATP synthesis when the electron donor is FADH2 rather than NADH. ...
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
... – A solution is a homogeneous mixture (a mixtures of substances that are the same throughout). – Solvents dissolve other substances. They are present in a greater amount. – Solutes dissolve in a solvent. They are present in a ...
... – A solution is a homogeneous mixture (a mixtures of substances that are the same throughout). – Solvents dissolve other substances. They are present in a greater amount. – Solutes dissolve in a solvent. They are present in a ...
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
... – A solution is a homogeneous mixture (a mixtures of substances that are the same throughout). – Solvents dissolve other substances. They are present in a greater amount. – Solutes dissolve in a solvent. They are present in a ...
... – A solution is a homogeneous mixture (a mixtures of substances that are the same throughout). – Solvents dissolve other substances. They are present in a greater amount. – Solutes dissolve in a solvent. They are present in a ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Enzymes catalyze the systematic degradation of organic molecules that are rich in energy to simpler waste products with less energy. ...
... Enzymes catalyze the systematic degradation of organic molecules that are rich in energy to simpler waste products with less energy. ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... The electron transport chain provides about one-third less energy for ATP synthesis when the electron donor is FADH2 rather than NADH. The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that ...
... The electron transport chain provides about one-third less energy for ATP synthesis when the electron donor is FADH2 rather than NADH. The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. Its function is to break the large free energy drop from food to oxygen into a series of smaller steps that ...
Problem 5. The Second Law of thermodynamics
... 2. Suppose you detect a signal from a particular 1μm2 area. The probability to have one particle within this area is 0.035. For two particles such probability is (0.035)2 and for three it is equal to (0.035)3 etc. The probability that the detected signal originates from a single Au nanoparticle is: ...
... 2. Suppose you detect a signal from a particular 1μm2 area. The probability to have one particle within this area is 0.035. For two particles such probability is (0.035)2 and for three it is equal to (0.035)3 etc. The probability that the detected signal originates from a single Au nanoparticle is: ...
Problem 5. The Second Law of thermodynamics
... 2. Suppose you detect a signal from a particular 1μm2 area. The probability to have one particle within this area is 0.035. For two particles such probability is (0.035)2 and for three it is equal to (0.035)3 etc. The probability that the detected signal originates from a single Au nanoparticle is: ...
... 2. Suppose you detect a signal from a particular 1μm2 area. The probability to have one particle within this area is 0.035. For two particles such probability is (0.035)2 and for three it is equal to (0.035)3 etc. The probability that the detected signal originates from a single Au nanoparticle is: ...
Ch 8 Cellular Respiration
... variation as a result of divergent evolution. Mitochondrial genes that have been conserved across evolution include rRNA genes, tRNA genes, and a small number of genes that encode proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis. The mitochondrial genome retains similarity to its prokaryoti ...
... variation as a result of divergent evolution. Mitochondrial genes that have been conserved across evolution include rRNA genes, tRNA genes, and a small number of genes that encode proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis. The mitochondrial genome retains similarity to its prokaryoti ...
Title Decomposition studies of isopropanol in a
... used in the experiments. Standard calibration gases (Airgas and Air Liquide) are flowed through the sampling system to calibrate the GC-FID analyses for all other species (permanent gases, and hydrocarbons with carbon number <6). The analyses of a standard gas mixture of known composition (Airgas a ...
... used in the experiments. Standard calibration gases (Airgas and Air Liquide) are flowed through the sampling system to calibrate the GC-FID analyses for all other species (permanent gases, and hydrocarbons with carbon number <6). The analyses of a standard gas mixture of known composition (Airgas a ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... covalent bonds in organic molecules to force ATP formation from ADP and phosphate. b) taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP. c) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water and using the energy released to drive ATP formation. d) converting higher- ...
... covalent bonds in organic molecules to force ATP formation from ADP and phosphate. b) taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP. c) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water and using the energy released to drive ATP formation. d) converting higher- ...
harvesting chemical energy
... 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter the mitochondrial matrix ...
... 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter the mitochondrial matrix ...
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY Department of Chemistry
... mole and molecule-explanation of the terms only. Explanation of velocity distribution curves based on this law (no derivation). Mean free path, collision frequency and collision number. Definition and expressions using SI units (no derivations). Derivation of expression for most probable speed from ...
... mole and molecule-explanation of the terms only. Explanation of velocity distribution curves based on this law (no derivation). Mean free path, collision frequency and collision number. Definition and expressions using SI units (no derivations). Derivation of expression for most probable speed from ...
Solutions (DOC format, upgraded July 20)
... 2. Suppose you detect a signal from a particular 1μm2 area. The probability to have one particle within this area is 0.035. For two particles such probability is (0.035)2 and for three it is equal to (0.035)3 etc. The probability that the detected signal originates from a single Au nanoparticle is: ...
... 2. Suppose you detect a signal from a particular 1μm2 area. The probability to have one particle within this area is 0.035. For two particles such probability is (0.035)2 and for three it is equal to (0.035)3 etc. The probability that the detected signal originates from a single Au nanoparticle is: ...
Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry
... while the highly branched alkane C8H18 causes little knocking and is assigned an octane rating of 100. A gasoline with an octane rating of 87 causes the same knocking as a mixture that is 87% in the branched alkane and 13% of the straight chain alkane. Alkenes are organic compounds that contain carb ...
... while the highly branched alkane C8H18 causes little knocking and is assigned an octane rating of 100. A gasoline with an octane rating of 87 causes the same knocking as a mixture that is 87% in the branched alkane and 13% of the straight chain alkane. Alkenes are organic compounds that contain carb ...
Jeopardy 2
... Cellular respiration begins with a process called ______________ A: What is glycolysis? ...
... Cellular respiration begins with a process called ______________ A: What is glycolysis? ...
Derivatization reagents
... TS-38830 10 x 1mL ampules TS-38828 25g TS-38829 100g BSTFA is a powerful thrimethylsilyl donor, with donor strength that is comparable to its unfluorinated analog BSA [N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide]. BSTFA reacts to replace labile hydrogens on a wide range of polar compounds with a -Si(CH3)3 grou ...
... TS-38830 10 x 1mL ampules TS-38828 25g TS-38829 100g BSTFA is a powerful thrimethylsilyl donor, with donor strength that is comparable to its unfluorinated analog BSA [N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide]. BSTFA reacts to replace labile hydrogens on a wide range of polar compounds with a -Si(CH3)3 grou ...
Openstax - Chemistry - Answer Key
... 11. The mixture can have a variety of compositions; a pure substance has a definite composition. Both have the same composition from point to point. 13. Molecules of elements contain only one type of atom; molecules of compounds contain two or more types of atoms. They are similar in that both are c ...
... 11. The mixture can have a variety of compositions; a pure substance has a definite composition. Both have the same composition from point to point. 13. Molecules of elements contain only one type of atom; molecules of compounds contain two or more types of atoms. They are similar in that both are c ...
Radical (chemistry)
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydroxyl_radical.png?width=300)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.