Insect Natural History (this is a work in progress) Insects are among
... specialized adult made diet of bee bread. Mud daubers are solitary wasps that make small underground nests encased with mud. Adjacent to the larval cells are food provision cells that contain small spiders. The slow metabolism and requirement for meager spider provisions allows the larvae to have fr ...
... specialized adult made diet of bee bread. Mud daubers are solitary wasps that make small underground nests encased with mud. Adjacent to the larval cells are food provision cells that contain small spiders. The slow metabolism and requirement for meager spider provisions allows the larvae to have fr ...
Full-Text PDF - Science and Education Publishing
... embiopteran webspinner females, Antipalurai urichi they cover their eggs with layers of macerated bark and other substrate materials and silk to protect them from hymenopteran parasites [17]. In egg plant lace bugs, Gargaphia solani, they guard their eggs and gregarious nymphs until maturity. If a p ...
... embiopteran webspinner females, Antipalurai urichi they cover their eggs with layers of macerated bark and other substrate materials and silk to protect them from hymenopteran parasites [17]. In egg plant lace bugs, Gargaphia solani, they guard their eggs and gregarious nymphs until maturity. If a p ...
Life History Evolution
... probability of survival • Aging reduces mx component of fitness (reproduction) • And reduces lx component of fitness ...
... probability of survival • Aging reduces mx component of fitness (reproduction) • And reduces lx component of fitness ...
Theory and its correction
... Consider an example: cost and profit functions for reproduction in migrating salmonids The initial effort required to spawn even one egg is the enormous cost of migration from deep ocean to upstream fresh water. Thus the curve rises very sharply at low reproductive effort. However, the additional c ...
... Consider an example: cost and profit functions for reproduction in migrating salmonids The initial effort required to spawn even one egg is the enormous cost of migration from deep ocean to upstream fresh water. Thus the curve rises very sharply at low reproductive effort. However, the additional c ...
Model Answer B.Sc. VISemester LZC 602: Economic Zoology and
... as algae desmids, phytoflagellates and algae spores. As adults, they have a strong positive selection for most organizations phytoplankton. The juvenile and adult stages rohu is essentially a herbivore feeding between the two waters, preferring algae and submerged vegetation. In addition, the presen ...
... as algae desmids, phytoflagellates and algae spores. As adults, they have a strong positive selection for most organizations phytoplankton. The juvenile and adult stages rohu is essentially a herbivore feeding between the two waters, preferring algae and submerged vegetation. In addition, the presen ...
Ground Rules, exams, etc. (no “make up” exams) Text: read
... (kin selection) (selected for) __________________________________________________________________ Individual Loses True altruistic behavior Mutually disadvanta(counterselected) geous behavior (counterselected) _________________________________________________________________ ...
... (kin selection) (selected for) __________________________________________________________________ Individual Loses True altruistic behavior Mutually disadvanta(counterselected) geous behavior (counterselected) _________________________________________________________________ ...
... support more species than their equivalents in the northern hemisphere. The pattern appears to be predicted primarily, but not entirely, by climate. These results strike me as intuitively correct, and I suspect anyone who has collected ants in both hemispheres will agree. Brazil’s fauna is spectacul ...
Ch53Test_File - Milan Area Schools
... 39. Which of the following is not a consequence of parental care? a. Increased chance of survival of the offspring b. Increased care of each offspring c. Increased chance of survival of the parent d. Increased fitness of the parent e. Decreased chance of production of additional offspring Answer: c ...
... 39. Which of the following is not a consequence of parental care? a. Increased chance of survival of the offspring b. Increased care of each offspring c. Increased chance of survival of the parent d. Increased fitness of the parent e. Decreased chance of production of additional offspring Answer: c ...
Chp11_SocialBehav
... Someone takes your food (scrounger), constant fighting for dominance, increased disease transmission, food might not be super -abundant ...
... Someone takes your food (scrounger), constant fighting for dominance, increased disease transmission, food might not be super -abundant ...
Study Guide for Exam 2
... b > c (the benefits of a behavior are greater than the costs) “I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine” Main conclusion about kin selection: altruistic behaviors are not random [in regard to other group members] and usually favor kin. when altruistic acts occur between non-kin, the benefi ...
... b > c (the benefits of a behavior are greater than the costs) “I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine” Main conclusion about kin selection: altruistic behaviors are not random [in regard to other group members] and usually favor kin. when altruistic acts occur between non-kin, the benefi ...
Behavioral Biology Chapter 54
... • Question: if altruism imposes a cost to an individual, how could an allele be favored by natural selection? • Group selection: rare – Among groups: leads to a decrease in allele’s frequency – Within groups: may favor the allele • Kin selection: direct genetic advantage; selection favors relatives ...
... • Question: if altruism imposes a cost to an individual, how could an allele be favored by natural selection? • Group selection: rare – Among groups: leads to a decrease in allele’s frequency – Within groups: may favor the allele • Kin selection: direct genetic advantage; selection favors relatives ...
Life History Strategies: Trade-offs with reproduction and survival
... A life-history is a set of environment and condition-dependent decision rules governing an organisms scheduling of allocation of resources towards growth, survival and reproduction. ...
... A life-history is a set of environment and condition-dependent decision rules governing an organisms scheduling of allocation of resources towards growth, survival and reproduction. ...
Chapter 27: Behavioral Ecology
... during their daily course of activity. In many animal species, the home ranges of several individuals may overlap in time or in space, but each individual defends a portion of its home range and uses it exclusively. This behavior, in which individual members of a species maintain exclusive use of an ...
... during their daily course of activity. In many animal species, the home ranges of several individuals may overlap in time or in space, but each individual defends a portion of its home range and uses it exclusively. This behavior, in which individual members of a species maintain exclusive use of an ...
第12章 生活史Life Histories
... (3) Correlated responses to artificial or natural selection provide some of the most consistent evidence of trade-offs. ‘young’ population has a higher mortality rate, but ...
... (3) Correlated responses to artificial or natural selection provide some of the most consistent evidence of trade-offs. ‘young’ population has a higher mortality rate, but ...
Social but not solitary bees reject dangerous flowers where a
... Related bees live together Infertile females Division of labor A. mellifera, A. dorsata, A. florea, B. terrestris ...
... Related bees live together Infertile females Division of labor A. mellifera, A. dorsata, A. florea, B. terrestris ...
Chapter 6 Primate Behavior
... range where they remain permanently. Within the home range is a portion called the core area, which contains the highest concentration of predictable resources, and it’s where the group is most frequently found. The core area can also be said to be a group’s territory, and it’s the portion of the ho ...
... range where they remain permanently. Within the home range is a portion called the core area, which contains the highest concentration of predictable resources, and it’s where the group is most frequently found. The core area can also be said to be a group’s territory, and it’s the portion of the ho ...
Notes - Dr. Bruce Owen
... − crying, whining, clinging, manipulating, acting more helpless than it really is, etc. − including at the expense of other siblings − so there is an evolutionary reason for both − mother-child conflict − and sibling rivalry, competing for the mother’s attention and support − This applies to humans, ...
... − crying, whining, clinging, manipulating, acting more helpless than it really is, etc. − including at the expense of other siblings − so there is an evolutionary reason for both − mother-child conflict − and sibling rivalry, competing for the mother’s attention and support − This applies to humans, ...
Termites
... There are about 15 species of subterranean termites which commonly attack timber in service throughout Australia with the most common being coptotermes, schedorhinotermes, nasutitermes and the giant northern termite mastotermes darwiniensis. Generally the amount of termite activity, and therefore da ...
... There are about 15 species of subterranean termites which commonly attack timber in service throughout Australia with the most common being coptotermes, schedorhinotermes, nasutitermes and the giant northern termite mastotermes darwiniensis. Generally the amount of termite activity, and therefore da ...
Hawaii`s Native Bees - Nalo Meli Maoli
... particularly the long-legged or yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) and the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), which exclude bees by both direct predation and by feeding on nectar themselves. ...
... particularly the long-legged or yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) and the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), which exclude bees by both direct predation and by feeding on nectar themselves. ...
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 12
... the expense of previous and potential future offspring, its siblings − the infant would do better if the mother kept feeding and caring for it indefinitely − so selection will favor infants who use any possible method to get the mother to provide more care − whining, clinging, manipulating − includi ...
... the expense of previous and potential future offspring, its siblings − the infant would do better if the mother kept feeding and caring for it indefinitely − so selection will favor infants who use any possible method to get the mother to provide more care − whining, clinging, manipulating − includi ...
Migration and orientation
... • Signals that trigger behaviors in other individuals • Will evolve only if they benefit both signaler and receiver Communication • Communication can play a key role in behaviors Among members of the same species Between species • Successful reproduction depends on appropriate signals and respon ...
... • Signals that trigger behaviors in other individuals • Will evolve only if they benefit both signaler and receiver Communication • Communication can play a key role in behaviors Among members of the same species Between species • Successful reproduction depends on appropriate signals and respon ...
Eusociality
Eusociality (Greek eu: ""good/real"" + ""social""), the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including brood care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labour into reproductive and non-reproductive groups. The division of labor creates specialized behavioral groups within an animal society which are sometimes called castes. Eusociality is distinguished from all other social systems because individuals of at least one caste usually lose the ability to perform at least one behavior characteristic of individuals in another caste.Eusociality exists in certain insects, crustaceans and possibly mammals. It is mostly observed and studied in the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) and in the termites. For example, a colony has caste differences; queens and reproductive males take the roles as the sole reproducers while the soldiers and workers work together to create a living situation favorable for the brood. In addition to Hymenoptera and Isoptera, there are two known eusocial vertebrates from the order Rodentia, which includes the naked mole-rat and the Damaraland mole-rat. Most of the individuals cooperatively care for the brood of a single reproductive female (the queen) to which they are most likely related. Some shrimps such as Synalpheus regalis are also eusocial.Several other levels of animal sociality have been distinguished. These include presocial (solitary but social), subsocial, and parasocial (including communal, quasisocial, and semisocial).