What factors affect population growth
... Tradeoff between number of offspring and size of offspring Number of reproductive events Trade off between current and future reproductive success Cost of reproduction Reproductive events per lifetime Semelparity - organisms focus all reproductive efforts on a single, large event Iteropari ...
... Tradeoff between number of offspring and size of offspring Number of reproductive events Trade off between current and future reproductive success Cost of reproduction Reproductive events per lifetime Semelparity - organisms focus all reproductive efforts on a single, large event Iteropari ...
Full text
... Alipanah et al., 1995, 2000 a, b; Paknia, 2002) There were recorded only about 70 ant species for this very large, heterogenic and interesting territory, and we expect finding of at least 200–250 ant species from Iran. For the comparison, more than 70 species are known in Armenia, which territory is ...
... Alipanah et al., 1995, 2000 a, b; Paknia, 2002) There were recorded only about 70 ant species for this very large, heterogenic and interesting territory, and we expect finding of at least 200–250 ant species from Iran. For the comparison, more than 70 species are known in Armenia, which territory is ...
in Africa, September 6 th – 8th 2015, Cairo Egypt Biological control
... In all fighting, most of the C. chiarinii were observed fighting and moving with strong abdominal curling, suggesting the use of some sort of chemical repellent. The immediate disintegration and the retreat of the whole mass of the D. quadratus, may indicate the complemented of the physical fighting ...
... In all fighting, most of the C. chiarinii were observed fighting and moving with strong abdominal curling, suggesting the use of some sort of chemical repellent. The immediate disintegration and the retreat of the whole mass of the D. quadratus, may indicate the complemented of the physical fighting ...
Chapter 6 Primate Behavior
... Leaves can be abundant will support large groups of animals. Fruits and nuts occur in clumps. These can most efficiently be exploited by smaller groups of animals. Some species that rely on foods distributed in small clumps tend to be protective of resources, especially if their feeding area i ...
... Leaves can be abundant will support large groups of animals. Fruits and nuts occur in clumps. These can most efficiently be exploited by smaller groups of animals. Some species that rely on foods distributed in small clumps tend to be protective of resources, especially if their feeding area i ...
Notes - Dr. Bruce Owen
... − both require the female to find and consume more food than she would otherwise − she has to travel more to do so − while carrying the dependent suckling infant − because of all this, exposing herself to greater risk of malnourishment or predation − because of the duration of gestation and lactatio ...
... − both require the female to find and consume more food than she would otherwise − she has to travel more to do so − while carrying the dependent suckling infant − because of all this, exposing herself to greater risk of malnourishment or predation − because of the duration of gestation and lactatio ...
preprint - Vivien Rossi
... It has been noted that some social wasps, such as P. bistriata, are only mildly aggressive [17], but all tested species can attack when disturbed (a slight vibration of the branch supporting their nest is enough). Yet, a strong disturbance causes them to abscond, a behavior exploited by caracaras [1 ...
... It has been noted that some social wasps, such as P. bistriata, are only mildly aggressive [17], but all tested species can attack when disturbed (a slight vibration of the branch supporting their nest is enough). Yet, a strong disturbance causes them to abscond, a behavior exploited by caracaras [1 ...
14_Foraging
... Because we failed to consider some of the costs of each behavior: Most tree species have high levels of alkaloid poisons and indigestible tannins ...
... Because we failed to consider some of the costs of each behavior: Most tree species have high levels of alkaloid poisons and indigestible tannins ...
Chapter 7 - Cynthia Clarke
... Behaviors and behavioral patterns have been selected because they increase reproductive fitness in individuals in specific ecological contexts. ...
... Behaviors and behavioral patterns have been selected because they increase reproductive fitness in individuals in specific ecological contexts. ...
Introduction to Behaviors
... Natural selection favoring the spread of alleles that increase the indirect component of fitness is called kin selection. Kin selection is expected to operate most strongly among close relatives ...
... Natural selection favoring the spread of alleles that increase the indirect component of fitness is called kin selection. Kin selection is expected to operate most strongly among close relatives ...
Catalyst 8/15/2011
... Bacteria • 1) What is so special about bacteria? What is unique in this video? ...
... Bacteria • 1) What is so special about bacteria? What is unique in this video? ...
To Bee or Not To Bee
... adults chew their way out of the cocoons and the mud cells in the spring. Males emerge first, followed in a few days to a week, by females. Honey Bees are an introduced, eusocial nesting species – that means the hive has one breeding female (the queen), a large population of sterile female work ...
... adults chew their way out of the cocoons and the mud cells in the spring. Males emerge first, followed in a few days to a week, by females. Honey Bees are an introduced, eusocial nesting species – that means the hive has one breeding female (the queen), a large population of sterile female work ...
4-Life Histories
... Goal is to maximize lifetime reproductive success with limited resources. These are hypotheses that can be tested experimentally. When to begin breeding? How often to breed? How many offspring per event? a. Clutch size vs lifetime number of offspring. What is the evidence for the “Lack clutch”? ...
... Goal is to maximize lifetime reproductive success with limited resources. These are hypotheses that can be tested experimentally. When to begin breeding? How often to breed? How many offspring per event? a. Clutch size vs lifetime number of offspring. What is the evidence for the “Lack clutch”? ...
Evolution of allometries in the worker caste of Dorylus army ants
... Schöning, C., Kinuthia, W. and Franks, N. R. 2005. Evolution of allometries in the worker caste of Dorylus army ants. / Oikos 110: 231 /240. The worker caste of polymorphic ant species consists of individuals of strikingly different morphologies. Most studies of polymorphic species have focused o ...
... Schöning, C., Kinuthia, W. and Franks, N. R. 2005. Evolution of allometries in the worker caste of Dorylus army ants. / Oikos 110: 231 /240. The worker caste of polymorphic ant species consists of individuals of strikingly different morphologies. Most studies of polymorphic species have focused o ...
13-Interactions
... Carbohydrate reward (nectar, fruit pulp) Pollinating “vectors” — high degree of plant-animal specificity assures that pollen will not be wasted. ...
... Carbohydrate reward (nectar, fruit pulp) Pollinating “vectors” — high degree of plant-animal specificity assures that pollen will not be wasted. ...
Corpse Management in Social Insects - UKnowledge
... nesting site), and eusocial (overlap of generations, reproductive division of labor, and cooperative brood care). In some solitary or gregarious insect species (e.g. cockroaches, springtails), the response to a dead or injured conspecific is usually avoidance [8, 9]. In social spiders (gregarious) [ ...
... nesting site), and eusocial (overlap of generations, reproductive division of labor, and cooperative brood care). In some solitary or gregarious insect species (e.g. cockroaches, springtails), the response to a dead or injured conspecific is usually avoidance [8, 9]. In social spiders (gregarious) [ ...
communication inspired by nature
... intelligence and work without a vision of the whole system. Yet collectively, they achieve surprisingly complex and effective results, such as building termite mounts or finding the most efficient paths to food sources. This all occurs in a decentralized, self-organized system coordinated through si ...
... intelligence and work without a vision of the whole system. Yet collectively, they achieve surprisingly complex and effective results, such as building termite mounts or finding the most efficient paths to food sources. This all occurs in a decentralized, self-organized system coordinated through si ...
Corpse Management in Social Insects
... nesting site), and eusocial (overlap of generations, reproductive division of labor, and cooperative brood care). In some solitary or gregarious insect species (e.g. cockroaches, springtails), the response to a dead or injured conspecific is usually avoidance [8, 9]. In social spiders (gregarious) [ ...
... nesting site), and eusocial (overlap of generations, reproductive division of labor, and cooperative brood care). In some solitary or gregarious insect species (e.g. cockroaches, springtails), the response to a dead or injured conspecific is usually avoidance [8, 9]. In social spiders (gregarious) [ ...
Chapter 51: Animal Behavior - Biology E
... parent to meet. In such cases, a male that stays with and helps a single mate may ultimately have more viable offspring than it would by going off to seek additional mates. This may explain why most birds are monogamous. In the case of mammals, the lactating female is often the only food source for ...
... parent to meet. In such cases, a male that stays with and helps a single mate may ultimately have more viable offspring than it would by going off to seek additional mates. This may explain why most birds are monogamous. In the case of mammals, the lactating female is often the only food source for ...
Myrcia madida McVaugh
... >10 cm) per hectare (N = 66 plots of 1 hectare). Bruna et al. (2005) found a density of 1.38 plants per hectare, including both trees and saplings (> 0.5 m in height). The length of each stem internode (domatium) of M. madida varied from 2.54 to 8.35 cm (Mean ± SD = 6.71 ± 1.43, N = 50). The maximum ...
... >10 cm) per hectare (N = 66 plots of 1 hectare). Bruna et al. (2005) found a density of 1.38 plants per hectare, including both trees and saplings (> 0.5 m in height). The length of each stem internode (domatium) of M. madida varied from 2.54 to 8.35 cm (Mean ± SD = 6.71 ± 1.43, N = 50). The maximum ...
Eusociality
Eusociality (Greek eu: ""good/real"" + ""social""), the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including brood care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labour into reproductive and non-reproductive groups. The division of labor creates specialized behavioral groups within an animal society which are sometimes called castes. Eusociality is distinguished from all other social systems because individuals of at least one caste usually lose the ability to perform at least one behavior characteristic of individuals in another caste.Eusociality exists in certain insects, crustaceans and possibly mammals. It is mostly observed and studied in the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) and in the termites. For example, a colony has caste differences; queens and reproductive males take the roles as the sole reproducers while the soldiers and workers work together to create a living situation favorable for the brood. In addition to Hymenoptera and Isoptera, there are two known eusocial vertebrates from the order Rodentia, which includes the naked mole-rat and the Damaraland mole-rat. Most of the individuals cooperatively care for the brood of a single reproductive female (the queen) to which they are most likely related. Some shrimps such as Synalpheus regalis are also eusocial.Several other levels of animal sociality have been distinguished. These include presocial (solitary but social), subsocial, and parasocial (including communal, quasisocial, and semisocial).