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jcby1101-tutorial2
jcby1101-tutorial2

... Secondary structure: when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds • α-helix: bonds every 4 aa • β-pleated sheet: parallel polypeptides (note: bonds occur in polypeptide backbone ) Tertiary structure: attractions between  helices and  sheets • irregular loops and folds that give ov ...
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is

... Therefore, these cofactors are continuously recycled as part of metabolism. As an example, the total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. This ATP is constantly being broken down into ADP, and then converted back into ATP. Therefore, at any given time, the total amount of ATP + ADP r ...
Homology Modeling Tutorial
Homology Modeling Tutorial

... After some seconds the server will output the result as a list of 3D protein structures ordered according to their “sequence identity percentage” with the target sequence. In particular, the sequence similarity of each line is summarized by the E value (Expected value): closer to zero higher level o ...
Time-dependent evaporation of icy mantles in hot cores
Time-dependent evaporation of icy mantles in hot cores

... Fig. 1 shows the chemical abundances of some selected species as a function of depth at different epochs for two models: (a) and (c). We group the species so that their binding energies are similar, and therefore they evaporate at roughly the same time, for timedependent evaporation models. For mode ...
Net Ionic Equations
Net Ionic Equations

... defined as “the charge which an atom appears to have when the net electric charge on a chemical species is apportioned according to certain rules”. Important because: the binding of atoms results from the transfer or sharing of electrons. ...
Balancing reaction equations, oxidation state, and reduction
Balancing reaction equations, oxidation state, and reduction

... defined as “the charge which an atom appears to have when the net electric charge on a chemical species is apportioned according to certain rules”. Important because: the binding of atoms results from the transfer or sharing of electrons. ...
2009_outline_5
2009_outline_5

... I. Structure and Nomenclature of Amines A. Nomenclature 1. Common names - heterocyclic amines 2. Systematic (IUPAC) B. Basicity of Amines and Physical Properties II. Preparation of Amines A. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions (SN2) on Alkyl Halides and Sulfonates B. Reduction of Nitro Compounds C. ...
Substitution reactions of coordinated P-diketones p
Substitution reactions of coordinated P-diketones p

... )Iaced in three categories: (a) addition to the central metal atom or the chelate molecule as a ",hole (b) reaction at functional groups and reactive sites dependent on the chelate ring and :c) substitution of H or other groups attached directly to the ring. Of particular interest are those reaction ...
Powerpoints - Holy Cross Collegiate
Powerpoints - Holy Cross Collegiate

... • Every chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms into different combinations. However, during these reactions, the total number of atoms of each type of element is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction. • Chemical reactions have to be properly balanced in order to cl ...
`Meta` Approaches to Protein Structure Prediction
`Meta` Approaches to Protein Structure Prediction

... extensive human intervention, because a human predictor has to improve the model manually, has to determine whether the rank-1 model obtained is correct, whether there is a lower ranking model that corresponds to a correct prediction, or whether the results of the method indicate that no prediction ...
Catalytic mechanism of the inverting N
Catalytic mechanism of the inverting N

... state (TS) in the central region of the map on the diagonal going from reactants to products. The presence of only one transition state and maxima at two corners of the map indicates a concerted mechanism, in which the formation of the C1-Oa bond and the proton transfer from the acceptor to the cata ...
Part II - American Chemical Society
Part II - American Chemical Society

... b. Would the A factor for the chemical reaction NO(g) + N2O(g) → NO2(g) + N2(g) be expected to be larger or smaller than the A factor in the above reaction if each reaction occurs in a single step? Outline your reasoning. c. Calculate the rate constant for this reaction at 75 ˚C. d. The following tw ...
Biochemistry
Biochemistry

... (h) Define the Beer Lambert Law. The A340 of a solution of NADH was found to be 0.29. What was the concentration of this solution? (εNADH = 6220 M-1 cm-1). (i) Although oxygen does not participate directly in the citric acid cycle, the cycle operates only when O2 is present. Why? (j) Calculate the n ...
Introduction to Enzymes - Rose
Introduction to Enzymes - Rose

... protons. Many organic chemical reactions are enhanced by altered pH; although the pH in the overall environment is fixed by other factors, the enzyme can use specific functional groups to alter the effective pH in the active site. In other words, the cell can have an internal pH of 7.4, but due to t ...
1 Chemical Organizations in the Central Sugar Metabolism of
1 Chemical Organizations in the Central Sugar Metabolism of

... knowledge. Although the analysis does not lead to novel biological insights in this case, it highlights the potential and the limits of this approach. The paper exemplifies, how organization theory can contribute towards a systems-level understanding of large-scale models of biological systems, cont ...
enzymes - iLearning Centre
enzymes - iLearning Centre

... Not destroyed by the reactions they catalyse Highly specific that is each enzyme can only catalyse one kind of substrate Needed in small quantities because they are not used up but released at the end of a reaction Enzyme-catalyses reaction are reversible Can be slowed down or completely stopped by ...
Oxidation And Degradation Products Of Common Oxygen Scavengers
Oxidation And Degradation Products Of Common Oxygen Scavengers

... For many years, sulfite and hydrazine were the principal materials used to protect boiler systems from oxygen attack. When hydrazine became listed as a suspected carcinogen, a search began for a replacement. During the search it became apparent that strong reducing agents (oxygen scavengers) should ...
Student notes in ppt
Student notes in ppt

... Conjugate redox pairs Compounds that accept electrons are called oxidants and are reduced in the reaction, whereas compounds that donate electrons are called reductants and are oxidized by loss of electrons. Each half reaction consists of a conjugate redox pair represented by a molecule with and wi ...
Full Text PDF
Full Text PDF

... twice bigger. Looking for an explanation one may observe that only for the ions of the second group μeffisbgerthanμSo,.p-biculngrsoyfthe ions of the second group. This trend can be easily justified if one supposes that kSE increases as the density of unpaired metal electrons increases at the collisi ...
Chap 4 Study Guide
Chap 4 Study Guide

... studied the process by which proteins are synthesized from information coded in the genes of the chromosomes. Of the body proteins, perhaps the most important group are the enzymes — the subject of this chapter. These molecules act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in such dive ...
On the Importance of Prereactive Complexes in
On the Importance of Prereactive Complexes in

... parameters,20,21 however, do indicate a very small negative activation energy and a preexponential factor which is larger for formaldehyde than for acetaldehyde (see Table 1). On the other hand, a higher reactivity of acetaldehyde is in line with the fact that the inductive effect of the methyl grou ...
The Michaelis-Menten equation
The Michaelis-Menten equation

... The Effect Of Activators and Inhibitors on Enzyme activity INHIBITORS:Effects of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity: Enzyme inhibitors are substances which alter the catalytic action of the enzyme and consequently slow down, or in some cases, stop catalysis. Inhibitors may act combining directly with th ...
LABORATORY 2: ENZYME CATALYSIS
LABORATORY 2: ENZYME CATALYSIS

... rate is constant. From the third minute through the eighth minute, the rate is changing; it is slowing down. For each successive minute after the first three minutes, the amount of product formed in that interval is less than in the preceding minute. From the seventh minute onward, the reaction rat ...
6CH02 - MPPE
6CH02 - MPPE

... (c) The concentration of chlorine water was found by taking 10.0 cm3 of solution, adding an excess of potassium iodide solution, and titrating with 0.0100 mol dm–3 of sodium thiosulfate solution. The experiment was repeated. The following results were obtained. Titration number ...
Your views are welcomed upon the theme of
Your views are welcomed upon the theme of

... outer shell or an octet of electrons in the outer shell. Helium has the former, but not the latter. Argon has the latter, but not a full outer shell. Only the atom of neon has both.) Discrete atoms that do not have this type of outer shell structure are seldom found in nature: so single atoms of car ...
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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.Biological signaling systems often rely on complexes of biological macromolecules that can undergo several functionally significant modifications that are mutually compatible. Thus, they can exist in a very large number of functionally different states. Modeling such multi-state systems poses two problems: The problem of how to describe and specify a multi-state system (the ""specification problem"") and the problem of how to use a computer to simulate the progress of the system over time (the ""computation problem""). To address the specification problem, modelers have in recent years moved away from explicit specification of all possible states, and towards rule-based formalisms that allow for implicit model specification, including the κ-calculus, BioNetGen, the Allosteric Network Compiler and others. To tackle the computation problem, they have turned to particle-based methods that have in many cases proved more computationally efficient than population-based methods based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, or the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm. Given current computing technology, particle-based methods are sometimes the only possible option. Particle-based simulators further fall into two categories: Non-spatial simulators such as StochSim, DYNSTOC, RuleMonkey, and NFSim and spatial simulators, including Meredys, SRSim and MCell. Modelers can thus choose from a variety of tools; the best choice depending on the particular problem. Development of faster and more powerful methods is ongoing, promising the ability to simulate ever more complex signaling processes in the future.
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