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Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle
Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle

... • Review of metabolism thus far • Practice problems • Questions about Pset 4? ...
Types of Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions

... • We are working with acids; gloves, goggles, and aprons must be worn properly at all times. • All chemicals must be disposed of in specified waste beakers in the fume hoods. These chemicals are toxic and will harm the environment if not disposed of properly. • Do not eat, drink, or apply the chemic ...
ClickThisLinkForEntries
ClickThisLinkForEntries

... substrates react affect both their interaction and the structure and function of the enzyme. Increased temperature facilitates greater kinetic energy, which makes collisions of enzymes and substrates more likely. As such, the rate of reaction will increase. Enzymes have optimal temperatures that the ...
About writing chemical equations ppt
About writing chemical equations ppt

... side of the equation and determine those that must be balanced. ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

... • Therefore, the two NADH molecules produce six ATP molecules total. So, the total number of ATP molecules formed from glycolysis is eight. When each molecule of pyruvic acid is oxidized, one molecule of NADH is produced. This occurs twice, since one glucose molecule splits into two molecules of py ...
Chemical Reactions-Multiple Choice Review
Chemical Reactions-Multiple Choice Review

... A) occur only in living organisms B) create and destroy atoms C) only occur outside living organisms D) produce new substances 13) Which of the following is NOT a true statement concerning what happens in all chemical reactions? A) The ways in which atoms are joined together are changed. B) New atom ...
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake

... P / O ( mol ATP mol 1 O2 ) : Given Typical values reported in the literature Yx / ATP ( g x mol 1 ATP) : Given typi cal values reported in the literature ...
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake

... P / O ( mol ATP mol 1 O2 ) : Given Typical values reported in the literature Yx / ATP ( g x mol 1 ATP) : Given typi cal values reported in the literature ...
Classifying Chemical Reactions by What Atoms Do
Classifying Chemical Reactions by What Atoms Do

... A solution’s concentration is determined by reacting it with another solution and using stoichiometry – this process is called titration. In the titration, the unknown solution is added to a known amount of another reactant until the reaction is just completed. At this point, called the endpoint, th ...
SAMIE: STATISTICAL ALGORITHM FOR MODELING
SAMIE: STATISTICAL ALGORITHM FOR MODELING

... base). The trained network was able to successfully identify the wild-type binding sites of EGR and MIG protein families. The predictions using our method are the same or better than that of methods existing in the literature. However our methodology o ers the potential to capitalise in quantitative ...
Literature 07/19/2010
Literature 07/19/2010

... volume during crystallization of PLLA at 100 °C. A finite lifetime distribution of three components was  used  to  fit  the  PALS  spectra.  The  analysis  of  the  longest  lifetime  component  (τ3)  indicates  that  the  free  volume  distribution  evolves  during  crystallization  by  increasing  ...
Efficient Isolation and Identification of Intracellular Protein
Efficient Isolation and Identification of Intracellular Protein

... method for the isolation of in vivo multi-protein complexes from mammalian cells (3).  The HaloTag Pull-Down method is capable of isolating large multiprotein structural complexes such as the NPC 107-160 (4) as well as smaller regulatory protein complexes such as the NFκB complex (5).  Recovered p ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
Electron Transport Chain Questions

... 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glycolysis? The net gain is 2 ATP 7. How many molecules of pyruvate are made from one molecule of glucose? 2 molecules 8. How many carbons make up one molecule of pyruvate? 3 carbon atoms 9. What is the purpose of NAD+? What type of reaction is NAD+ involved in? Th ...
Molecular Reaction Mechanisms of Proteins
Molecular Reaction Mechanisms of Proteins

... vibrations in Figure 1 at 1660 cm–1 and 1550 cm–1. In addition to the strong amide I and amide II bands water also contributes largely to the background absorption (1650 cm–1) (Colthup et al., 1990). The major problem in measuring reactions consists in selecting the small absorption bands of the mol ...
Working With Enzymes - Southern Biological
Working With Enzymes - Southern Biological

... To get a reaction in a suitable time frame, you should ensure that the concentrations of the enzyme and the substrate are correct. Although enzymes are catalysts and therefore able to react many times, overall reaction rates can be increased by using more enzyme because it allows more substrate mole ...
Fats and Proteins
Fats and Proteins

... Just as carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharide molecules, fats are composed of smaller molecules. The smaller molecules in fats are called glycerol and fatty acid. There are many different fatty acids but they are all similar in several ways. As with all molecules, a molecular formula can be w ...
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... nanoscale components is challenging Fluid medium Trapped •  Optical tweezers can be used to trap particle and move micro and nanoscale components Laser •  Examples of devices that can be assembled using optical tweezers The trapped include wave guides, diodes, transistors • Assembly Cell particle is ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... They help the reactants interact but are not used up in the reactions. May be used over and over again. Are usually highly specific for particular chemical reactions. They generally catalyze only one or a few types of reactions. – Can catalyze up to several million reactions per second. • As a resul ...
1 A
1 A

... the Cu2+ ions are more stable. Depending on the type of the ligands either the CuII, or the CuI state can stabilised. From the data in the above Table it can be concluded that the lower oxidation state of copper the CuI can be stabilised in the presence of aromatic N-compounds (pyridin, imidazol), f ...


... the substrate concentration without changing the other reaction parameters and measure the rate of reaction. Circle the schematic from below that represents the most likely effect of the increased substrate concentration on the reaction rate. Explain why you selected this option. ...
Enzyme - Mercer Island School District
Enzyme - Mercer Island School District

... • ______________ are inorganic molecules that are incorporated within enzymes that allow the enzyme to _______. These are often _________ and ___________. ...
Molecules in Slow Motion - Max-Planck
Molecules in Slow Motion - Max-Planck

... with targeted punches, while the latter – the atom – merely flails about with no effect. Unfortunately, this physical brakeboxing doesn’t usually work with molecules. They are made up of multiple atoms and have far more complex electron shells. Inside these, they convert the pulses of the impinging ...
FoldSynth: Interactive 2D/3D Visualisation Platform for Molecular
FoldSynth: Interactive 2D/3D Visualisation Platform for Molecular

... good graphics card. NB: Our implementation is in Java using JOGL (a binding for the Open Graphics Library), and has been tested on latest Linux, MS Windows and Mac OS. 3.2. Source Data The particles and springs for a FoldSynth model may be set up in various ways. The most common way is to load a kno ...
Protein Structure - Laboratory of Molecular Modelling
Protein Structure - Laboratory of Molecular Modelling

... and derive conformations that yield minimal energies based on this function • Simulation = select appropriate molecular conditions and derive conformations that are suited to these molecular conditions • Monte Carlo = subset of molecular simulation, but it is an iterated search through a Markov chai ...
Document
Document

... Efficiency = 61.1 / 196.7 * 100 = 31% ...
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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.Biological signaling systems often rely on complexes of biological macromolecules that can undergo several functionally significant modifications that are mutually compatible. Thus, they can exist in a very large number of functionally different states. Modeling such multi-state systems poses two problems: The problem of how to describe and specify a multi-state system (the ""specification problem"") and the problem of how to use a computer to simulate the progress of the system over time (the ""computation problem""). To address the specification problem, modelers have in recent years moved away from explicit specification of all possible states, and towards rule-based formalisms that allow for implicit model specification, including the κ-calculus, BioNetGen, the Allosteric Network Compiler and others. To tackle the computation problem, they have turned to particle-based methods that have in many cases proved more computationally efficient than population-based methods based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, or the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm. Given current computing technology, particle-based methods are sometimes the only possible option. Particle-based simulators further fall into two categories: Non-spatial simulators such as StochSim, DYNSTOC, RuleMonkey, and NFSim and spatial simulators, including Meredys, SRSim and MCell. Modelers can thus choose from a variety of tools; the best choice depending on the particular problem. Development of faster and more powerful methods is ongoing, promising the ability to simulate ever more complex signaling processes in the future.
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