Enzymes - A Level Notes
... increasing the rate of reaction up to a maximum rate (Vmax). Vmax is when all the active sites are occupied. If the enzyme concentration (limiting factor) was increased, it would increase the rate of reaction further. Enzymes are usually kept at a low concentration in the cells because enzymes can c ...
... increasing the rate of reaction up to a maximum rate (Vmax). Vmax is when all the active sites are occupied. If the enzyme concentration (limiting factor) was increased, it would increase the rate of reaction further. Enzymes are usually kept at a low concentration in the cells because enzymes can c ...
Photosynthesis
... Describe the nature of light—you can see it, but what is it? Explain the relationship between color, wavelength, frequency and amount of energy in light Explain how plants capture photons of light in the reaction center of photosystem I and II. Explain how antenna pigments funnel light energ ...
... Describe the nature of light—you can see it, but what is it? Explain the relationship between color, wavelength, frequency and amount of energy in light Explain how plants capture photons of light in the reaction center of photosystem I and II. Explain how antenna pigments funnel light energ ...
Student notes in ppt
... pyruvate to form CO2 and acetyl-CoA in a reaction that requires three enzymes (E1, E2, and E3), and five coenzymes (NAD+, FAD, CoA, TPP, and lipoic acid), that work together to catalyze five linked redox reactions. ...
... pyruvate to form CO2 and acetyl-CoA in a reaction that requires three enzymes (E1, E2, and E3), and five coenzymes (NAD+, FAD, CoA, TPP, and lipoic acid), that work together to catalyze five linked redox reactions. ...
Bioreaction Network Topology and Metabolic Flux Ratio
... spectroscopy for analysis of 13C-labeling patterns. A user-friendly program, FCAL, is available to allow rapid data analysis. This novel approach, which recently also has been employed in conjunction with metabolic flux balancing to obtain reliable estimates of in vivo fluxes, enables efficient supp ...
... spectroscopy for analysis of 13C-labeling patterns. A user-friendly program, FCAL, is available to allow rapid data analysis. This novel approach, which recently also has been employed in conjunction with metabolic flux balancing to obtain reliable estimates of in vivo fluxes, enables efficient supp ...
Tryptophan Group Members Siti Zubaidah Hj Harun
... A microorganism derived from a host microorganism capable of producing d-biotin by introducing a recombinant plasmid being incorporated with a biotin gene cloned from a microorganism of the genus Serratia capable of producing d-biotin and further integrating an exogenous biotin gene into the chromos ...
... A microorganism derived from a host microorganism capable of producing d-biotin by introducing a recombinant plasmid being incorporated with a biotin gene cloned from a microorganism of the genus Serratia capable of producing d-biotin and further integrating an exogenous biotin gene into the chromos ...
3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration
... oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP, but the same molecule of glucose yields only 2 ATP under anaerobic respiration. ...
... oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP, but the same molecule of glucose yields only 2 ATP under anaerobic respiration. ...
presentation source
... Only significant effects of glucagon are on the liver stimulating the production of glucose gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis 10-15% is removed in its ‘first passage’ effect ...
... Only significant effects of glucagon are on the liver stimulating the production of glucose gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis 10-15% is removed in its ‘first passage’ effect ...
Engineering of metabolic pathways by artificial enzyme channels
... ones (Good, 2011). This is important since the correct communication of functionally interacting proteins is a prerequisite for the coordination and regulation of many cellular processes required for appropriate cellular responses to external and internal stimuli (Chen et al., 2014). Strict control ...
... ones (Good, 2011). This is important since the correct communication of functionally interacting proteins is a prerequisite for the coordination and regulation of many cellular processes required for appropriate cellular responses to external and internal stimuli (Chen et al., 2014). Strict control ...
Slide 1
... The gene defect makes the body unable to properly break down certain amino acid (tyrosine and phenylalanine). As a result, a substance called homogentisic acid builds up in the skin and other body tissues. The acid leaves the body through the urine. The urine turns brownish-black when it mixes with ...
... The gene defect makes the body unable to properly break down certain amino acid (tyrosine and phenylalanine). As a result, a substance called homogentisic acid builds up in the skin and other body tissues. The acid leaves the body through the urine. The urine turns brownish-black when it mixes with ...
N.9 – Metabolic Changes of Drugs and Related
... more stable than the arene oxides formed from aromatic compounds. A few epoxides are stable enough to be directly measurable in biological fluids (e.g., plasma, urine). Like their arene oxide counterparts, epoxides are susceptible to enzymatic hydration by epoxide hydrase to form trans1,2-dihydrodio ...
... more stable than the arene oxides formed from aromatic compounds. A few epoxides are stable enough to be directly measurable in biological fluids (e.g., plasma, urine). Like their arene oxide counterparts, epoxides are susceptible to enzymatic hydration by epoxide hydrase to form trans1,2-dihydrodio ...
Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism
... the expense of the health of a patient? How does yeast turn grape juice into alcohol? Not only can we answer these questions by understanding microbial metabolism, we can also identify unknown microorganisms through biochemical testing. Biochemical tests allow microbiologists to identify end product ...
... the expense of the health of a patient? How does yeast turn grape juice into alcohol? Not only can we answer these questions by understanding microbial metabolism, we can also identify unknown microorganisms through biochemical testing. Biochemical tests allow microbiologists to identify end product ...
Enzyme!
... • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
... • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
Distribution of orphan metabolic activities
... reporting the sequenced gene for a new activity. Distribution of orphan activities across the biochemical space What is the distribution of orphan activities across the enzymatic functional space? One possibility is that orphan activities are primarily clustered in less studied regions of the EC cla ...
... reporting the sequenced gene for a new activity. Distribution of orphan activities across the biochemical space What is the distribution of orphan activities across the enzymatic functional space? One possibility is that orphan activities are primarily clustered in less studied regions of the EC cla ...
Isovaleric Acidemia - e-imd
... manifest at any age in infancy with a chronic intermittent form, which can be associated with developmental delays, with or without recurring acidotic episodes during periods of infections. Recently, a new form of IVA has been identified by newborn screening (NBS). Individuals with this new type of ...
... manifest at any age in infancy with a chronic intermittent form, which can be associated with developmental delays, with or without recurring acidotic episodes during periods of infections. Recently, a new form of IVA has been identified by newborn screening (NBS). Individuals with this new type of ...
Topic 7 - FSU Biology
... concentrations of reactants and products. Thus, the principle of chemical mass action tells us that we can increase the rate of A B by increasing [A], decreasing [B] or both. However, biological systems have evolved enzymes which function as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions (enzyme = catal ...
... concentrations of reactants and products. Thus, the principle of chemical mass action tells us that we can increase the rate of A B by increasing [A], decreasing [B] or both. However, biological systems have evolved enzymes which function as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions (enzyme = catal ...
Topic 7: METABOLISM: THERMODYNAMICS, CHEMICAL
... question. First of all we need to define yet another termfree energy- as applied to molecular reactions, it is the energy available to do work; often denoted by the symbol G (for Gibb’s free energy) first law of thermodynamics- energy transformations do not create nor destroy energy but simply resul ...
... question. First of all we need to define yet another termfree energy- as applied to molecular reactions, it is the energy available to do work; often denoted by the symbol G (for Gibb’s free energy) first law of thermodynamics- energy transformations do not create nor destroy energy but simply resul ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-complete notes
... Metabolism can be subdivided by - Catabolism: The intracellular process of degrading a compound into smaller and simpler products and generating energy. Glucose to CO2, and H2O, protein to amino acids. - Anabolism: the synthesis of more complex compounds and requires energy. Synthesis of small molec ...
... Metabolism can be subdivided by - Catabolism: The intracellular process of degrading a compound into smaller and simpler products and generating energy. Glucose to CO2, and H2O, protein to amino acids. - Anabolism: the synthesis of more complex compounds and requires energy. Synthesis of small molec ...
Chapter 5- Enzymes State Standard Standard 1.b. – Enzymes
... 4. The amount of energy that reactants need to start a chemical reaction is the _______. 5. When an enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction A. It acts as a reactant B. It acts as a product C. It raises the activation energy of a reaction D. It lowers the activation energy of a reaction Enzy ...
... 4. The amount of energy that reactants need to start a chemical reaction is the _______. 5. When an enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction A. It acts as a reactant B. It acts as a product C. It raises the activation energy of a reaction D. It lowers the activation energy of a reaction Enzy ...
Ch. 5: Energy and Enzymes
... – Irreversible—inhibitor attaches by covalent bonds – Reversible—inhibitor attaches by weak bonds ...
... – Irreversible—inhibitor attaches by covalent bonds – Reversible—inhibitor attaches by weak bonds ...
Metabolic network modelling
Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. In particular, these models correlate the genome with molecular physiology. A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways (such as glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle) into their respective reactions and enzymes, and analyzes them within the perspective of the entire network. In simplified terms, a reconstruction collects all of the relevant metabolic information of an organism and compiles it in a mathematical model. Validation and analysis of reconstructions can allow identification of key features of metabolism such as growth yield, resource distribution, network robustness, and gene essentiality. This knowledge can then be applied to create novel biotechnology.In general, the process to build a reconstruction is as follows: Draft a reconstruction Refine the model Convert model into a mathematical/computational representation Evaluate and debug model through experimentation↑