Evolution of Enzymatic Activity in the Enolase Superfamily
... site acid/base catalyst(s) vis a vis the substrate and enediolate intermediate. That the OSBS reaction is efficiently catalyzed by active sites in highly divergent sequence contexts suggests that some OSBSs may be functionally promiscuous, that is, they catalyze another reaction as well as the OSBS ...
... site acid/base catalyst(s) vis a vis the substrate and enediolate intermediate. That the OSBS reaction is efficiently catalyzed by active sites in highly divergent sequence contexts suggests that some OSBSs may be functionally promiscuous, that is, they catalyze another reaction as well as the OSBS ...
Chem331 Lect 5 Amino acids peptides
... The average is about 2.1 for the alpha carboxyl and 9.7 for the alpha amino groups Amino acids are zwitterions - a molecule with both a pos and neg charge All naturally occurring amino acids are optically active isomers, except glycine. L amino acids R-groups determine the functionality of the amino ...
... The average is about 2.1 for the alpha carboxyl and 9.7 for the alpha amino groups Amino acids are zwitterions - a molecule with both a pos and neg charge All naturally occurring amino acids are optically active isomers, except glycine. L amino acids R-groups determine the functionality of the amino ...
Expt 9-Amino Acids and Proteins
... When the solvent has risen to within 2-3 cm from the top of the paper, remove the paper from the beaker, remove the staples, and spread it on a paper towel to dry. Immediately mark the solvent line with a pencil. Let the paper dry completely. While you are waiting, dispose of the solvent in the wast ...
... When the solvent has risen to within 2-3 cm from the top of the paper, remove the paper from the beaker, remove the staples, and spread it on a paper towel to dry. Immediately mark the solvent line with a pencil. Let the paper dry completely. While you are waiting, dispose of the solvent in the wast ...
9-Amino Acids and Proteins
... When the solvent has risen to within 2-3 cm from the top of the paper, remove the paper from the beaker, remove the staples, and spread it on a paper towel to dry. Immediately mark the solvent line with a pencil. Let the paper dry completely. While you are waiting, dispose of the solvent in the wast ...
... When the solvent has risen to within 2-3 cm from the top of the paper, remove the paper from the beaker, remove the staples, and spread it on a paper towel to dry. Immediately mark the solvent line with a pencil. Let the paper dry completely. While you are waiting, dispose of the solvent in the wast ...
Lecture 4
... amino acids or to the group of uncharged ones, depending on the local pH. Lysine is classified as a charged residue because its terminal amino group is ionized under most physiological conditions, but its sidechain also contains a hydrophobic segment of four methylene groups. Likewise, the arginine ...
... amino acids or to the group of uncharged ones, depending on the local pH. Lysine is classified as a charged residue because its terminal amino group is ionized under most physiological conditions, but its sidechain also contains a hydrophobic segment of four methylene groups. Likewise, the arginine ...
Topic 2
... Aliphatic: carbon atoms are joined together in straight or branched open chains rather than in rings. Aromatic: contains an aromatic ring system. Hydrophilic: tending to interact with water. Hydrophilic molecules are polar and charged. Generally found on protein surface and exposed to aqueous envi ...
... Aliphatic: carbon atoms are joined together in straight or branched open chains rather than in rings. Aromatic: contains an aromatic ring system. Hydrophilic: tending to interact with water. Hydrophilic molecules are polar and charged. Generally found on protein surface and exposed to aqueous envi ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Bacterial class A acid
... phospholipids are the main structural components of all cellular membranes. A number of essential cofactors or cosubstrates for enzyme-catalyzed reactions of significant synthetic importance involve phosphate esters. For instance nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the oxidized (NADP+) or ...
... phospholipids are the main structural components of all cellular membranes. A number of essential cofactors or cosubstrates for enzyme-catalyzed reactions of significant synthetic importance involve phosphate esters. For instance nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the oxidized (NADP+) or ...
Amino Acids and Proteins - Portland Public Schools
... Covalent bonding, for example disulfide bridges formed when two cysteine molecules combine in which the –SH groups are oxidized: II.-- Hydrogen bonding between polar groups on the side chain. III.-- Salt bridges (ionic bonds) formed between –NH2 and – COOH groups IV.-- Hydrophobic interactions. ...
... Covalent bonding, for example disulfide bridges formed when two cysteine molecules combine in which the –SH groups are oxidized: II.-- Hydrogen bonding between polar groups on the side chain. III.-- Salt bridges (ionic bonds) formed between –NH2 and – COOH groups IV.-- Hydrophobic interactions. ...
Amino Acids and Proteins
... Covalent bonding, for example disulfide bridges formed when two cysteine molecules combine in which the –SH groups are oxidized: II.-- Hydrogen bonding between polar groups on the side chain. III.-- Salt bridges (ionic bonds) formed between –NH2 and – COOH groups IV.-- Hydrophobic interactions. ...
... Covalent bonding, for example disulfide bridges formed when two cysteine molecules combine in which the –SH groups are oxidized: II.-- Hydrogen bonding between polar groups on the side chain. III.-- Salt bridges (ionic bonds) formed between –NH2 and – COOH groups IV.-- Hydrophobic interactions. ...
Biochemistry-Amino Acids and Proteins(PPT-LS)
... Covalent bonding, for example disulfide bridges formed when two cysteine molecules combine in which the –SH groups are oxidized: II.-- Hydrogen bonding between polar groups on the side chain. III.-- Salt bridges (ionic bonds) formed between –NH2 and – COOH groups IV.-- Hydrophobic interactions. ...
... Covalent bonding, for example disulfide bridges formed when two cysteine molecules combine in which the –SH groups are oxidized: II.-- Hydrogen bonding between polar groups on the side chain. III.-- Salt bridges (ionic bonds) formed between –NH2 and – COOH groups IV.-- Hydrophobic interactions. ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... When carbohydrate catabolism is limited, acetyl-CoA is converted to ketone bodies, mainly acetoacetate and bhydroxybutyrate—important metabolic fuels in some circumstances. ...
... When carbohydrate catabolism is limited, acetyl-CoA is converted to ketone bodies, mainly acetoacetate and bhydroxybutyrate—important metabolic fuels in some circumstances. ...
03-232 Exam III 2013 Name:__________________________
... Choice B: Outline the flow of carbon atoms from triglycerides in metabolism. Choice C: Outline the flow of carbon atoms from amino acids, such as alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, in metabolism. ...
... Choice B: Outline the flow of carbon atoms from triglycerides in metabolism. Choice C: Outline the flow of carbon atoms from amino acids, such as alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, in metabolism. ...
The fatty acid profile of muscle tissue of ram lambs with
... Animal fat, in addition to being a source of energy, has a positive effect on the technological and culinary value of meat. On the other hand, a large share in the human diet is considered to be the cause of cardiovascular diseases (LIN et al. 2004). This opinion is not fully advisable, because intr ...
... Animal fat, in addition to being a source of energy, has a positive effect on the technological and culinary value of meat. On the other hand, a large share in the human diet is considered to be the cause of cardiovascular diseases (LIN et al. 2004). This opinion is not fully advisable, because intr ...
Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of
... amino acids. In addition to derivatisation, protein hydrolysis is also a very important procedure in the analysis of amino acids.8 The first acid hydrolysis was performed in 1820 by Baconnot, who used sulphuric acid to hydrolyse gelatine, wool and muscle fibres.8 This was demonstrated in a collabora ...
... amino acids. In addition to derivatisation, protein hydrolysis is also a very important procedure in the analysis of amino acids.8 The first acid hydrolysis was performed in 1820 by Baconnot, who used sulphuric acid to hydrolyse gelatine, wool and muscle fibres.8 This was demonstrated in a collabora ...
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... less intense flushing symptoms. This is because they also have a less active form of ADH1B ...
... less intense flushing symptoms. This is because they also have a less active form of ADH1B ...
The protein acetylome and the regulation of metabolism - Serval
... Following a brief introduction on the metabolic pathways implicating acetyl-CoA in various organelles, the review will focus on the acetylation of amino acids in proteins and how it impacts numerous aspects of the cell functions, and in particular its emerging role on the control of metabolic pathwa ...
... Following a brief introduction on the metabolic pathways implicating acetyl-CoA in various organelles, the review will focus on the acetylation of amino acids in proteins and how it impacts numerous aspects of the cell functions, and in particular its emerging role on the control of metabolic pathwa ...
Oxidative metabolism in thermogenic tissues of the swordfish and
... of substrates (Table11, and oxidationof a-glycerophos- is stimulated by cytosolic ADP generated by the phate was stimulated fourfold by the addition of Ca2+-ATPasein the SR. Calcium continuously leaks CaC12(Fig. lC,D). Although only octanoyl carnitine across the SR membrane, maintaining high rates a ...
... of substrates (Table11, and oxidationof a-glycerophos- is stimulated by cytosolic ADP generated by the phate was stimulated fourfold by the addition of Ca2+-ATPasein the SR. Calcium continuously leaks CaC12(Fig. lC,D). Although only octanoyl carnitine across the SR membrane, maintaining high rates a ...
Protein_Structure_Final_Powerpoint
... Molecular interactions determine tertiary and quaternary structures DNA mutations can affect protein function Unconserved regions are predicted to serve as key sites where ...
... Molecular interactions determine tertiary and quaternary structures DNA mutations can affect protein function Unconserved regions are predicted to serve as key sites where ...
Clinical Applications of Enzymes
... A 36-year old man was admitted to a hospital following episodes of nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. His urine was darker than usual. Upon examination it was discovered that his liver was enlarged and tender to palpation. Liver function tests were abnormal; plasma ALT was 1500 IU/L (Alanine ami ...
... A 36-year old man was admitted to a hospital following episodes of nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. His urine was darker than usual. Upon examination it was discovered that his liver was enlarged and tender to palpation. Liver function tests were abnormal; plasma ALT was 1500 IU/L (Alanine ami ...
Enhanced Photosynthetic Performance and
... function of the TCA cycle in the illuminated leaf, we previously comprehensively phenotyped the tomato wild species (Solanum pennellii) mutant Aco1, which exhibits a deficiency in expression of one of the two isoforms of aconitase present in the tomato (Tanksley et al., 1992; Carrari et al., 2003). ...
... function of the TCA cycle in the illuminated leaf, we previously comprehensively phenotyped the tomato wild species (Solanum pennellii) mutant Aco1, which exhibits a deficiency in expression of one of the two isoforms of aconitase present in the tomato (Tanksley et al., 1992; Carrari et al., 2003). ...
Revision of Biochemical pH-Stat: Involvement of
... (alternative pathway respiration ® , on pink plate and cytochrome pathway respiration @, on yellow plate) and the lower right block (alternative pathway fermentation, on blue plate) are the proton sink units of the pH-stat under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. (Function) In response ...
... (alternative pathway respiration ® , on pink plate and cytochrome pathway respiration @, on yellow plate) and the lower right block (alternative pathway fermentation, on blue plate) are the proton sink units of the pH-stat under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. (Function) In response ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.