draft cover letter to science
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
Predator-Dependent Species-Area Relationships
... karst geology (Unklesbay and Vineyard 1992). However, a large number of ponds have been constructed for agriculture, wildlife, recreation, and conservation purposes (Shelton 2005). Although there are many predators of herbivorous taxa in ponds, fish often have the most dramatic impact on prey specie ...
... karst geology (Unklesbay and Vineyard 1992). However, a large number of ponds have been constructed for agriculture, wildlife, recreation, and conservation purposes (Shelton 2005). Although there are many predators of herbivorous taxa in ponds, fish often have the most dramatic impact on prey specie ...
Aichi Biodiversity Targets
... introduction pathways. Specifically, meeting this target globally will require that: • Invasive alien species are identified - Broadly invasive alien species are those which have been introduced and/or spread outside their natural ranges and as a result threaten biological diversity. Any organism ca ...
... introduction pathways. Specifically, meeting this target globally will require that: • Invasive alien species are identified - Broadly invasive alien species are those which have been introduced and/or spread outside their natural ranges and as a result threaten biological diversity. Any organism ca ...
UNIT 9 I. Population Structure and Dynamics Module 36.2 Density
... 40 years of coevolution, rabbits are better able to resist infections, and the most virulent virus strains are absent, having died off with the rabbits they killed (Figure 37.6A). A new viral pathogen was introduced in 1995 with renewed success. D. Commensalism involves close relationships between o ...
... 40 years of coevolution, rabbits are better able to resist infections, and the most virulent virus strains are absent, having died off with the rabbits they killed (Figure 37.6A). A new viral pathogen was introduced in 1995 with renewed success. D. Commensalism involves close relationships between o ...
Ch. 5 Review PP
... - Occurs when a species cannot adapt quickly enough to a changing environment - Speciation and extinction affect species numbers ...
... - Occurs when a species cannot adapt quickly enough to a changing environment - Speciation and extinction affect species numbers ...
![arXiv:q-bio/0504020v1 [q-bio.PE] 16 Apr 2005](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016274523_1-eadb1fa1870c75ac16e4c5225bb2f5b2-300x300.png)
arXiv:q-bio/0504020v1 [q-bio.PE] 16 Apr 2005
... run out of computer time. On the other hand, in order to simulate the billion-year old history of life on earth with a computer, the elementary time steps in “evolutionary” models have to correspond to thousands of years, if not millions; consequently, the finer details of the ecological processes o ...
... run out of computer time. On the other hand, in order to simulate the billion-year old history of life on earth with a computer, the elementary time steps in “evolutionary” models have to correspond to thousands of years, if not millions; consequently, the finer details of the ecological processes o ...
lecture presentations - Hialeah Senior High School
... biodiversity are solar energy and water availability • They can be considered together by measuring a community’s rate of evapotranspiration • Evapotranspiration is evaporation of water from soil plus transpiration of water from plants ...
... biodiversity are solar energy and water availability • They can be considered together by measuring a community’s rate of evapotranspiration • Evapotranspiration is evaporation of water from soil plus transpiration of water from plants ...
Few-flowered Club-rush: Ontario Government
... suppression, trampling, browsing by deer, competition from invasive non-native plants and fungal infections. ...
... suppression, trampling, browsing by deer, competition from invasive non-native plants and fungal infections. ...
Species Diversity
... Indeed, specific identification is not needed for most comparative studies; the individuals collected may simply be identified as taxon 1. taxon 2, and so on, as long as such nomenclature is consistent from collection to collection. If you want to compare diversity indices of different communities o ...
... Indeed, specific identification is not needed for most comparative studies; the individuals collected may simply be identified as taxon 1. taxon 2, and so on, as long as such nomenclature is consistent from collection to collection. If you want to compare diversity indices of different communities o ...
Pattern of species occurrence in detritus
... concepts in metacommunity dynamics for unraveling the community assembly (Jenkins et al. 2006). The extent to which species within the communities follow or not well-defined patterns of association represents a fundamental issue in community and conservation ecology. Why and how species colonize hab ...
... concepts in metacommunity dynamics for unraveling the community assembly (Jenkins et al. 2006). The extent to which species within the communities follow or not well-defined patterns of association represents a fundamental issue in community and conservation ecology. Why and how species colonize hab ...
Biodiversity hotspots: hot for what?
... on twenty-five ‘biodiversity hotspots’ globally may be a valid approach for ensuring the survival of the greatest number of species, but we question whether this is the single objective of biodiversity (nature) conservation. We ask to what extent will retaining the greatest number of species per se ...
... on twenty-five ‘biodiversity hotspots’ globally may be a valid approach for ensuring the survival of the greatest number of species, but we question whether this is the single objective of biodiversity (nature) conservation. We ask to what extent will retaining the greatest number of species per se ...
Modeling Biodiversity Dynamics in Countryside and Native Habitats
... The problem is that, in general, (1) is estimated from patterns that were generated by very different processes from the habitat loss patterns that (2) aims at describing. There are two general types of sampling for the SAR (Drakare et al., 2006; Dengler, 2009): nested sampling and isolate sampling. ...
... The problem is that, in general, (1) is estimated from patterns that were generated by very different processes from the habitat loss patterns that (2) aims at describing. There are two general types of sampling for the SAR (Drakare et al., 2006; Dengler, 2009): nested sampling and isolate sampling. ...
Diversity and the Coevolution of Competitors, or the Ghost of
... of curves on a resources axis, then compares its structure to that of the real one to test the hypothesis that the divergence is significant (Sale 1974, Leviten 1978, Simberloff 1978, Strong et al. 1979). For this method to be useful, the source from which the random set of species or utilization cu ...
... of curves on a resources axis, then compares its structure to that of the real one to test the hypothesis that the divergence is significant (Sale 1974, Leviten 1978, Simberloff 1978, Strong et al. 1979). For this method to be useful, the source from which the random set of species or utilization cu ...
Biotic Globalization: Does Competition from Introduced Species
... biodiversity and biogeogra phy The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography established that biodiversity patterns at multiple scales can be accurately predicted using a model based on random but limited migration, random speciation, and random fluctuations in species abundances (the ...
... biodiversity and biogeogra phy The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography established that biodiversity patterns at multiple scales can be accurately predicted using a model based on random but limited migration, random speciation, and random fluctuations in species abundances (the ...
Unit: BIODIVERSITY (Reading material exclusively for students of
... From a study of the history of life on earth through fossil records, we learn that large-scale loss of species like the one we are currently witnessing have also happened earlier, even before humans appeared on the scene. During the long period (> 3 billion years) since the origin and diversificatio ...
... From a study of the history of life on earth through fossil records, we learn that large-scale loss of species like the one we are currently witnessing have also happened earlier, even before humans appeared on the scene. During the long period (> 3 billion years) since the origin and diversificatio ...
Evolutionarily stable range limits set by interspecific competition
... stable limit can be set by a lack of resources, even in the absence of competition. Continuing with the finch–seed example, it may be impossible for small finches to consume large seeds, because no individuals in the population are able to crack them. Then, as the small seed disappears, despite the ...
... stable limit can be set by a lack of resources, even in the absence of competition. Continuing with the finch–seed example, it may be impossible for small finches to consume large seeds, because no individuals in the population are able to crack them. Then, as the small seed disappears, despite the ...
Biotic Globalization: Does Competition from Introduced Species
... biodiversity and biogeography The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography established that biodiversity patterns at multiple scales can be accurately predicted using a model based on random but limited migration, random speciation, and random fluctuations in species abundances (the l ...
... biodiversity and biogeography The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography established that biodiversity patterns at multiple scales can be accurately predicted using a model based on random but limited migration, random speciation, and random fluctuations in species abundances (the l ...
Opportunistic exploitation - School of Environmental and Forest
... deaths of sea snakes caught and discarded in trawl fisheries in Australia [47] and accidental snare captures in Newfoundland of endangered marten (Martes americana) while snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are targeted [48]. Incidental exploitation: this mode involves the exploitation of less desirab ...
... deaths of sea snakes caught and discarded in trawl fisheries in Australia [47] and accidental snare captures in Newfoundland of endangered marten (Martes americana) while snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are targeted [48]. Incidental exploitation: this mode involves the exploitation of less desirab ...
Biodiversity
... The word biodiversity is used to explain the variety of life on Earth, and is considered at different levels of biological organization including genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is most often understood in terms of the number of species or other taxa and can be considered at different sp ...
... The word biodiversity is used to explain the variety of life on Earth, and is considered at different levels of biological organization including genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is most often understood in terms of the number of species or other taxa and can be considered at different sp ...
Predicting Extinction Risk of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
... size and the most common criteria used by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assign threat status (Gaston & Fuller 2009). Understanding differences in extinction risk among species therefore critically depends on a robust measure of geographic range size, particularly the e ...
... size and the most common criteria used by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assign threat status (Gaston & Fuller 2009). Understanding differences in extinction risk among species therefore critically depends on a robust measure of geographic range size, particularly the e ...
Chapter 3 - Santa Rosa County School District
... Some species are more vulnerable to extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes rapidly - Natural selection can not keep up • Many factors cause extinction: - Severe weather, climate change, changing sea levels - New species, small populations - Specialized species • Endemic species ...
... Some species are more vulnerable to extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes rapidly - Natural selection can not keep up • Many factors cause extinction: - Severe weather, climate change, changing sea levels - New species, small populations - Specialized species • Endemic species ...
Natural Selection - Ms Williams
... Some species are more vulnerable to extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes rapidly - Natural selection can not keep up • Many factors cause extinction: - Severe weather, climate change, changing sea levels - New species, small populations - Specialized species • Endemic species ...
... Some species are more vulnerable to extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes rapidly - Natural selection can not keep up • Many factors cause extinction: - Severe weather, climate change, changing sea levels - New species, small populations - Specialized species • Endemic species ...
Study Guide - KSU Web Home
... Some species are more vulnerable to extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes rapidly - Natural selection can not keep up • Many factors cause extinction: - Severe weather, climate change, changing sea levels - New species, small populations - Specialized species • Endemic species ...
... Some species are more vulnerable to extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes rapidly - Natural selection can not keep up • Many factors cause extinction: - Severe weather, climate change, changing sea levels - New species, small populations - Specialized species • Endemic species ...
The measure of order and disorder in the distribution of species in
... shrinking. Further imagine that we can reset the island back to its initial conditions and rerun the extinction process repeatedly. In a perfectly "cold" system each species present in the assemblage would go extinct in turn as each species falls below its minimum sustainable population size, and th ...
... shrinking. Further imagine that we can reset the island back to its initial conditions and rerun the extinction process repeatedly. In a perfectly "cold" system each species present in the assemblage would go extinct in turn as each species falls below its minimum sustainable population size, and th ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.