Sample Chapter 03
... South Atlantic Ocean. Tristan is one of the world’s most isolated island systems, lying midway between South America and the tip of South Africa. Of the three islands, two of them, Inaccessible and Nightingale, had been relatively untouched by humans and their associated pests, mice and rats. Both t ...
... South Atlantic Ocean. Tristan is one of the world’s most isolated island systems, lying midway between South America and the tip of South Africa. Of the three islands, two of them, Inaccessible and Nightingale, had been relatively untouched by humans and their associated pests, mice and rats. Both t ...
Effects on Species` Conservation of Reinterpreting the Phrase
... Shifting baselines in evaluating species’ status have long been recognized as an obstacle to species conservation (Dayton et al. 1998; Waples et al. 2008). Although FWS did acknowledge the Colorado River cutthroat trout has been lost from a majority of its historic range, they very clearly state tha ...
... Shifting baselines in evaluating species’ status have long been recognized as an obstacle to species conservation (Dayton et al. 1998; Waples et al. 2008). Although FWS did acknowledge the Colorado River cutthroat trout has been lost from a majority of its historic range, they very clearly state tha ...
Biodiversity
... • It, and the resulting loss of biodiversity, is also a major consequence of human domination of the Earth. ...
... • It, and the resulting loss of biodiversity, is also a major consequence of human domination of the Earth. ...
Stochastic competitive exclusion leads to a cascade of
... coexistence in aspects other than the maximum similarity of co-occurring species. Beyond a more restrictive threshold in competition induced by ecological drift (which was the main result of Capitán et al. (2015)), we here analyze the influence of demographic stochasticity on the extinction mechani ...
... coexistence in aspects other than the maximum similarity of co-occurring species. Beyond a more restrictive threshold in competition induced by ecological drift (which was the main result of Capitán et al. (2015)), we here analyze the influence of demographic stochasticity on the extinction mechani ...
Duffy 2003 Ecol Let - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
... habitat destruction. These threats are non-selective in the sense that extinction is a consequence of reducing the habitat as a whole, rather than of activities directly targeted at the plants themselves (selective logging being a possible exception), and potentially affects all species present. All ...
... habitat destruction. These threats are non-selective in the sense that extinction is a consequence of reducing the habitat as a whole, rather than of activities directly targeted at the plants themselves (selective logging being a possible exception), and potentially affects all species present. All ...
modeling biodiversity dynamics in countryside landscapes
... where c is a constant that depends on the taxonomic group and the region being studied and z is a constant that depends on the sampling regime and scale (Rosenzweig 1995). When sampling different islands of an archipelago or other types of habitat isolates (mountaintops, forest fragments, etc.), z t ...
... where c is a constant that depends on the taxonomic group and the region being studied and z is a constant that depends on the sampling regime and scale (Rosenzweig 1995). When sampling different islands of an archipelago or other types of habitat isolates (mountaintops, forest fragments, etc.), z t ...
e. - Quia
... 4) In which forest would you need to use more chemicals to control disease: the Douglas Fir forest or the more diversified, old growth forest? Why? 5) Summarize what this simulation symbolized. 6) Which forest would have more diversity of wildlife? Why? 7) If you cut down the variety in a piece of f ...
... 4) In which forest would you need to use more chemicals to control disease: the Douglas Fir forest or the more diversified, old growth forest? Why? 5) Summarize what this simulation symbolized. 6) Which forest would have more diversity of wildlife? Why? 7) If you cut down the variety in a piece of f ...
Latitudinal Gradients in Species Diversity PDF file
... speciation rates and thus increased diversity at low latitudes (Cardillo et al. 2005). Higher evolutionary rates in the tropics have been attributed to higher ambient temperatures, higher mutation rates, shorter generation time and/or faster physiological processes. More research needs to be done to ...
... speciation rates and thus increased diversity at low latitudes (Cardillo et al. 2005). Higher evolutionary rates in the tropics have been attributed to higher ambient temperatures, higher mutation rates, shorter generation time and/or faster physiological processes. More research needs to be done to ...
Chapter 04 - Biodiversity and Evolution_
... • http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/someanimals-are-more-equal-others-keystonespecies-and-trophic-cascades ...
... • http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/someanimals-are-more-equal-others-keystonespecies-and-trophic-cascades ...
Reading Quiz - AP Environmental Science
... Name ________________________________________________ Date ______________________ Period _______________ ...
... Name ________________________________________________ Date ______________________ Period _______________ ...
Biodiversity - HCC Learning Web
... As population is reduced in size, some of the genetic diversity is likely to be lost. Certain kinds of species are more likely to go extinct than others: • Species with small, dispersed populations – Successful breeding is difficult. ...
... As population is reduced in size, some of the genetic diversity is likely to be lost. Certain kinds of species are more likely to go extinct than others: • Species with small, dispersed populations – Successful breeding is difficult. ...
Patterns of plants species diversity following local extinction of the
... this species in semi-arid scrub of central Argentina. These large rodents live in social groups, share a communal burrow system, and forage in a common home range around the burrow system. Through intense herbivory, vizcachas create large open patches in the understory of a landscape dominated by de ...
... this species in semi-arid scrub of central Argentina. These large rodents live in social groups, share a communal burrow system, and forage in a common home range around the burrow system. Through intense herbivory, vizcachas create large open patches in the understory of a landscape dominated by de ...
Competition 1. What is competition? 2. Intra
... Competition occurs when individuals use a shared resource in short supply: There may not be enough of the resource for any given individual to survive or to reproduce as well as when more resource is present. Competition does not necessarily involve competitors ever meeting (if the competitors are m ...
... Competition occurs when individuals use a shared resource in short supply: There may not be enough of the resource for any given individual to survive or to reproduce as well as when more resource is present. Competition does not necessarily involve competitors ever meeting (if the competitors are m ...
Status of the world`s marine species
... The world’s known 845 species of reefbuilding zooxanthellate corals (order Scleractinia plus the families Helioporidae, Tubiporidae, and Milleporidae) have also been assessed for the first time (Carpenter et al. 2008).These reef-building corals are essential habitat for many species of fish and inve ...
... The world’s known 845 species of reefbuilding zooxanthellate corals (order Scleractinia plus the families Helioporidae, Tubiporidae, and Milleporidae) have also been assessed for the first time (Carpenter et al. 2008).These reef-building corals are essential habitat for many species of fish and inve ...
Where The Wild Extinctions Are
... Wilson's predictions of over thirty continental bird and mammal extinctions per year, each and every year. Even if his numbers were off by an order of magnitude, we should be seeing more than 3 continental extinctions per year from habitat reduction since at least 1900, around 300 continental extinc ...
... Wilson's predictions of over thirty continental bird and mammal extinctions per year, each and every year. Even if his numbers were off by an order of magnitude, we should be seeing more than 3 continental extinctions per year from habitat reduction since at least 1900, around 300 continental extinc ...
chapter 53 - Biology Junction
... magnified at higher levels, making top predators vulnerable to extinction. In a variable environment, top predators must be able to recover from environmental shocks that can reduce the food supply all the way up the food chain. The dynamic stability hypothesis predicts that food chains should b ...
... magnified at higher levels, making top predators vulnerable to extinction. In a variable environment, top predators must be able to recover from environmental shocks that can reduce the food supply all the way up the food chain. The dynamic stability hypothesis predicts that food chains should b ...
chapter 53
... magnified at higher levels, making top predators vulnerable to extinction. In a variable environment, top predators must be able to recover from environmental shocks that can reduce the food supply all the way up the food chain. The dynamic stability hypothesis predicts that food chains should b ...
... magnified at higher levels, making top predators vulnerable to extinction. In a variable environment, top predators must be able to recover from environmental shocks that can reduce the food supply all the way up the food chain. The dynamic stability hypothesis predicts that food chains should b ...
Linking Biodiversity Preservation and Food Security by Prof
... By the 16th Century, however, they had also become important centers for research. They promoted the study of taxonomy and became a focal point for the study of aromatic and medicinal plants. Recently, they have taken on significant conservation responsibilities by establishing seed banks and ...
... By the 16th Century, however, they had also become important centers for research. They promoted the study of taxonomy and became a focal point for the study of aromatic and medicinal plants. Recently, they have taken on significant conservation responsibilities by establishing seed banks and ...
53_DetailLectOut_jkAR
... Parasitism is a +/− symbiotic interaction in which a parasite derives its nourishment from a host, which is harmed in the process. Endoparasites live within the body of the host; ectoparasites live and feed on the external surface of the host. Parasitoidism is a special type of parasitism in whi ...
... Parasitism is a +/− symbiotic interaction in which a parasite derives its nourishment from a host, which is harmed in the process. Endoparasites live within the body of the host; ectoparasites live and feed on the external surface of the host. Parasitoidism is a special type of parasitism in whi ...
Chapter 53: Community Ecology
... Parasitism is a +/− symbiotic interaction in which a parasite derives its nourishment from a host, which is harmed in the process. ° Endoparasites live within the body of the host; ectoparasites live and feed on the external surface of the host. ° Parasitoidism is a special type of parasitism in whi ...
... Parasitism is a +/− symbiotic interaction in which a parasite derives its nourishment from a host, which is harmed in the process. ° Endoparasites live within the body of the host; ectoparasites live and feed on the external surface of the host. ° Parasitoidism is a special type of parasitism in whi ...
Species Preservation
... species from Earth. The causes of past mass extinctions are not well understood, however possible causes include a major climate change or a catastrophic collision of Earth and a large asteroid or comet. Human activity disrupts or destroys the habitat of many organisms. If an organism’s habitat is a ...
... species from Earth. The causes of past mass extinctions are not well understood, however possible causes include a major climate change or a catastrophic collision of Earth and a large asteroid or comet. Human activity disrupts or destroys the habitat of many organisms. If an organism’s habitat is a ...
introduced and invasive fish species
... About two-thirds of the native species are in serious decline. The linkage between the abundance of exotic species and the decline of native species is surprisingly poorly documented. While invading species have undoubtedly been responsible declines of native fishes, the invaded environments are typ ...
... About two-thirds of the native species are in serious decline. The linkage between the abundance of exotic species and the decline of native species is surprisingly poorly documented. While invading species have undoubtedly been responsible declines of native fishes, the invaded environments are typ ...
Clarifying biotic homogenization
... of questions first, (how do modules evolve), it seems that sophisticated comparative studies of the evolution of modules are some way off. This is not a criticism: such studies need lots of data, which hardly exist outside of a few model organisms – but they will surely come. Why do modules exist? S ...
... of questions first, (how do modules evolve), it seems that sophisticated comparative studies of the evolution of modules are some way off. This is not a criticism: such studies need lots of data, which hardly exist outside of a few model organisms – but they will surely come. Why do modules exist? S ...
Beta diversity - Green Resistance
... Structural complexity and diversity have always gone together for bird-watchers and naturalists the MacArthurs quantified this observation by relating bird diversity to foliage height diversity in the 1960s Plotted diversity of birds observed in different habitats according to diversity in folia ...
... Structural complexity and diversity have always gone together for bird-watchers and naturalists the MacArthurs quantified this observation by relating bird diversity to foliage height diversity in the 1960s Plotted diversity of birds observed in different habitats according to diversity in folia ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.