• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
a caribbean forest tapestry
a caribbean forest tapestry

... tropical forests, including their biomass and carbon sequestration. By 1962, Odum had developed whole ecosystem models with data collected in the LM and an energy language that changed the way ecologists analyzed tropical forests. During these visits, he and Wadsworth discussed fundamental issues of ...
Using leaf chemistry to better understand the
Using leaf chemistry to better understand the

... leaf density. Remote sensing, diver visuals and underwater video techniques are often used for this kind of physical monitoring. Underwater video techniques have been used in the Gippsland Lakes since 2008 to efficiently monitor relative seagrass cover and distribution across broad spatial areas (se ...
ppt檔案
ppt檔案

... Grazing pressure by mule deer and elk was intense on their Arizona study sites. The grazers fed on nearly 75% of all plants and removed as much as 95% of the above ground biomass. When a single stalk was eaten, however, it was ...
2014 Assessment in pdf - Ozone Secretariat
2014 Assessment in pdf - Ozone Secretariat

... a period of approximately 2.2 years) ...
ppt檔案
ppt檔案

...  Example: When questions concern events occurring over large geographic scales, such as global warming.  The study of global warming involves using a mixture of observational studies, small-scale experiments, and quantitative (mathematical or computer) models. ...
background - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
background - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

... Andrew Tuccillo, Technician (2005-2006) Andrew McDowell, Technician (2004-2005) Lisa Plane, Technician (2001-2003) Marc Johnson, Technician (2000-2001) Other Relevant Research Activities, Accomplishments, etc. ...
Forestry Habitat Management Guidelines for Vernal Pool Wildlife
Forestry Habitat Management Guidelines for Vernal Pool Wildlife

... Pools” (Calhoun 2003) or “A Field Guide to the Animals of Vernal Pools” (Kenney and Burne 2000). ...
Anurag Agrawal - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Anurag Agrawal - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

... Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers, Summer workshop, July 2010, two hours field trip with 25 secondary school instructors. How to Succeed in Graduate School, BEB Workshop, December 2009. Cornell Club visit and presentations, Washington DC, April 2009 CALS Alumni Presentation, Making a World of D ...
Matrix and Edge Effects on the Maintenance of Ecological Function
Matrix and Edge Effects on the Maintenance of Ecological Function

... the west of the forest. Percent of trees within the strategy equals the percentage of trees in the regeneration strategy counted at each treatment. Percent within the treatment is the percentage of all trees counted by treatment in each strategy (includes small number of trees counted as shrubs, not ...
Evolutionary Ecology of Arabidopsis thaliana: Interactions with Biotic
Evolutionary Ecology of Arabidopsis thaliana: Interactions with Biotic

... 2006; Handley et al. 2005), less information is known about the role of other phenotypic traits such as plant size on plant utilization patterns by insect herbivores in the field. Plant size is an important phenotypic trait that can affect not only the levels of damage to plants, but also host choic ...
Document
Document

... Tropical forests are disappearing at alarming rates worldwide (Laurance, 1999). The loss and fragmentation of tropical forests appears to be the single greatest threat to the world’s biological diversity (Whitmore, 1990; Huston, 1994). One of the resolutions of the Convention on Biological Diversity ...
Does food web structure affect detrital processing in streams?
Does food web structure affect detrital processing in streams?

... Trophic cascades involve powerful feeding interactions that can alter the flow of energy and the abundance of species in ecosystems. They occur when predators reduce the impact their prey have on the next trophic level to the point of affecting primary producers (Hairston et al. 1960). For example, ...
16_kelp forest ecology
16_kelp forest ecology

... - known to greatly reduce urchin numbers over relatively wide areas ...
SATELLITE MONITORING OF CURRENT AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT by
SATELLITE MONITORING OF CURRENT AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT by

... object-oriented classification can be used to overcome the difficulty associated with pixel-based classification of high-resolution images through the addition of contextual metrics to the classification process. The fused classification resulted in decreased errors of commission and omission for ea ...
Environmental and developmental controls on specific R. Milla*
Environmental and developmental controls on specific R. Milla*

... contributes to or compensates for the direct effects of several environmental (light, water, rainfall, growth season length, CO2, and fire frequency) and developmental (leaf and plant age) factors on SLA. It has been demonstrated that size-dependency can obscure the detection of the direct experimen ...
ecology - Excell Career Online
ecology - Excell Career Online

... behavior . In 1869, Haeckel proposed “oecologie” for the relations of organisms to organic and inorganic environments. The modern term ecology is derived form the word oecologie. The observations of Priestley and Scheele that plants produce oxygen led to an understanding of the inter-relationships o ...
Temporal and spatial variability in seedling dynamics: a cross
Temporal and spatial variability in seedling dynamics: a cross

... deviation) describing the distribution of pi across stations (i.e. variation in space) using the likelihood equations described below. This approach assumes non-informative (i.e. uniform) Bayesian prior distributions. In each analysis, we executed 5500 iterations of the MetropolisHastings algorithms ...
Alteration of the phenology of leaf senescence and fall in winter
Alteration of the phenology of leaf senescence and fall in winter

... activity and seasons having limiting conditions. Perennial plants have adapted their life cycles to this seasonality, developing an activity–dormancy cycle that alternates an active period for growth and photosynthesis with a dormant period for survival through unfavorable conditions. Woody plants i ...
TRY – a global database of plant traits
TRY – a global database of plant traits

... regeneration stages of the plant life cycle, including growth, dispersal, establishment and persistence. A first data analysis shows that most plant traits are approximately log-normally distributed, with widely differing ranges of variation across traits. Most trait variation is between species (in ...
Fungal alteration of the elemental composition of leaf litter affects
Fungal alteration of the elemental composition of leaf litter affects

... 15 °C, under light conditions, by agitation of agar plugs taken from the leading edge of 14- to 30-day-old colonies in 25 mL of nutrient solution (prepared as described previously). An aliquot of each specific conidial suspension, based on conidial density, was used to inoculate the microcosms. Eigh ...
Document
Document

...  Introduced in late 1800’s as ornamental or medicinal plant – later used for watershed reclamation  Nitrogen fixation by Myrica large N input  Leaves contain high N content – High decomposition rate Molles: Ecology 2nd Ed. ...
Tamias sibiricus
Tamias sibiricus

... inhabits and reproduces in a burrow where it hibernates from October-November to March-April. BIOLOGY/ECOLOGY Dispersal mechanisms Young individuals disperse two to three weeks after emerging from their nest. They burrow near Eutamia sibiricus is a small terrestrial squirrel. their nest, up to one o ...
Adaptive Radiation: The Interaction of Ecological Opportunity
Adaptive Radiation: The Interaction of Ecological Opportunity

... related group of birds, one might really fancy that from an original paucity of birds in this archipelago, one species has been taken and modified for different ends” (Darwin 1845: 380). Since Darwin’s time, naturalists and evolutionary biologists have been fascinated by the extraordinary diversity ...
Ecological Opportunity and Adaptive Radiation
Ecological Opportunity and Adaptive Radiation

... geographical, ecological, and evolutionary access to ecological opportunity. By geographical access, he meant simply that a species must find itself in a location where ecological opportunity occurs. Ecological access requires the availability of resources not usurped by competitively superior speci ...
Plant organ abscission and the green island effect caused
Plant organ abscission and the green island effect caused

... ground affects the overall survival rate. In Bruggmannia sp.2 mortality suffered on the ground was still 15% higher than in the canopy. However differences are less pronounced than in Bruggmannia sp.1, because mortality from pathogens suffered on the ground is compensated by higher predation rates i ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 10 >

Hemispherical photography



Hemispherical photography, also known as fisheye or canopy photography, is a technique to estimate solar radiation and characterize plant canopy geometry using photographs taken looking upward through an extreme wide-angle lens (Rich 1990). Typically, the viewing angle approaches or equals 180-degrees, such that all sky directions are simultaneously visible. The resulting photographs record the geometry of visible sky, or conversely the geometry of sky obstruction by plant canopies or other near-ground features. This geometry can be measured precisely and used to calculate solar radiation transmitted through (or intercepted by) plant canopies, as well as to estimate aspects of canopy structure such as leaf area index. Detailed treatments of field and analytical methodology have been provided by Paul Rich (1989, 1990) and Robert Pearcy (1989).
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report