3). What are four main factors that affect the distribution of organisms?
... biotic components. ...
... biotic components. ...
recent publications
... 3. Pellock, S., Thompson, A., He, K.S., Mecklin, C.J., and J. Yang. 2013. Validity of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis relates to the stages of invasion. Community Ecology, 14(2): 172-179. 4. Erwin, S., Huckaba, A., He, K.S., McCarthy, M. 2013. Matrix Analysis to Model the Invasion of Alligator we ...
... 3. Pellock, S., Thompson, A., He, K.S., Mecklin, C.J., and J. Yang. 2013. Validity of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis relates to the stages of invasion. Community Ecology, 14(2): 172-179. 4. Erwin, S., Huckaba, A., He, K.S., McCarthy, M. 2013. Matrix Analysis to Model the Invasion of Alligator we ...
Projeto Estruturado
... Structure and floristic composition will be determined in the following Atlantic Forest types: Low Altitude Ombrophylus Dense Forest (5 to 50 m above sea level), Submontane Ombrophylus Dense Forest (50 to 500 m above sea level), and Montane Ombrophylus Dense Forest (500 to 1.200 m above sea level). ...
... Structure and floristic composition will be determined in the following Atlantic Forest types: Low Altitude Ombrophylus Dense Forest (5 to 50 m above sea level), Submontane Ombrophylus Dense Forest (50 to 500 m above sea level), and Montane Ombrophylus Dense Forest (500 to 1.200 m above sea level). ...
Lecture 1
... solar radiation reflected back to space. • Earth’s planetary albedo is 0.31 • The global average value of reflected solar flux is αp S0 / 4 = 107 W m-2 • The global average value of absorbed solar flux is (1 – αp) S0 / 4 = 235 W m-2 ...
... solar radiation reflected back to space. • Earth’s planetary albedo is 0.31 • The global average value of reflected solar flux is αp S0 / 4 = 107 W m-2 • The global average value of absorbed solar flux is (1 – αp) S0 / 4 = 235 W m-2 ...
![L 18 Thermodynamics [3] → radiation](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005724875_1-392c14d6d60158fcc88752cd9ebc6426-300x300.png)
L 18 Thermodynamics [3] → radiation
... visible electromagnetic waves: LIGHT shorter wavelength more energy ...
... visible electromagnetic waves: LIGHT shorter wavelength more energy ...
L18 - University of Iowa Physics
... • More of the Sun’s energy per unit area falls on the equatorial regions compared to the polar regions • the earth reflects about 30% of incident solar energy • without the atmosphere the earth would be 30 C cooler! • Seasons are due to change in tilt of the earth ...
... • More of the Sun’s energy per unit area falls on the equatorial regions compared to the polar regions • the earth reflects about 30% of incident solar energy • without the atmosphere the earth would be 30 C cooler! • Seasons are due to change in tilt of the earth ...
Forest Community Ecology
... The course is a detailed and thorough investigation of theory and empirical studies of forest communities (mostly of plant and animal) including methodology, community structure, diversity, succession, interactions within species, between species, and between species and their environment influence ...
... The course is a detailed and thorough investigation of theory and empirical studies of forest communities (mostly of plant and animal) including methodology, community structure, diversity, succession, interactions within species, between species, and between species and their environment influence ...
Ecology 15 Forests, Woodlands and Savanna
... Vertical structure of grassland changes with season Various layers containing different plants As plants grow out of winter – At the ground Light decreases Temperature decreases Humidity increases Wind decreases ...
... Vertical structure of grassland changes with season Various layers containing different plants As plants grow out of winter – At the ground Light decreases Temperature decreases Humidity increases Wind decreases ...
manasa kusum_SessionIV_28Dec2006
... Rainforests are home to two-thirds of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. It has been estimated that many hundreds of millions of new species of plants, insects and microorganisms are still undiscovered. Tropical rain forests are called the "jewels of the earth", and the "world's ...
... Rainforests are home to two-thirds of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. It has been estimated that many hundreds of millions of new species of plants, insects and microorganisms are still undiscovered. Tropical rain forests are called the "jewels of the earth", and the "world's ...
PO 413-5
... Temperature, like moisture, is an important weather determinant. Changes in temperature within the lower levels of the atmosphere will change the state of moisture in the air, which in turn produces clear or cloudy skies. ...
... Temperature, like moisture, is an important weather determinant. Changes in temperature within the lower levels of the atmosphere will change the state of moisture in the air, which in turn produces clear or cloudy skies. ...
tropical rainforests - Cloudbridge Nature Reserve
... trees. Light is readily available at the top of this layer, but greatly reduced below it. • Understory: a closed understory canopy of 60 foot trees. There is little air movement in this zone so humidity is constantly high. • Shrub/sapling layer: Less than 3 percent of the light intercepted at th ...
... trees. Light is readily available at the top of this layer, but greatly reduced below it. • Understory: a closed understory canopy of 60 foot trees. There is little air movement in this zone so humidity is constantly high. • Shrub/sapling layer: Less than 3 percent of the light intercepted at th ...
The upper canopy
... feet tall with umbrella-shaped canopies that grow above the forest. Because emergents are exposed to drying winds, they tend to have very small leaves. This is an adaptation similar to what you would find in the desert, and it is helpful in conserving water for the plant. ...
... feet tall with umbrella-shaped canopies that grow above the forest. Because emergents are exposed to drying winds, they tend to have very small leaves. This is an adaptation similar to what you would find in the desert, and it is helpful in conserving water for the plant. ...
LIDAR REFERENCES Antonarakis A.L.S., Saatchi S.S., Chazdon
... Pury D.G.G.D.E. & Farquhar G.D. (1997) Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big-leaf models. Plant, Cell and Environment, 20, 537–557. Saatchi S.S., Harris N.L., Brown S., Lefsky M.A., Mitchard E.T.A., & Salas W. (2011) Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks ...
... Pury D.G.G.D.E. & Farquhar G.D. (1997) Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big-leaf models. Plant, Cell and Environment, 20, 537–557. Saatchi S.S., Harris N.L., Brown S., Lefsky M.A., Mitchard E.T.A., & Salas W. (2011) Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks ...
Temperate Forest
... important parts of the temperate forest. This is where the forest recycles most of its nutrients. Inside and beneath this leaf litter, thousands of small animals live, like beetles, millipedes, centipedes, and ants. Unseen microscopic creatures such as fungi and bacteria live there, too. All these o ...
... important parts of the temperate forest. This is where the forest recycles most of its nutrients. Inside and beneath this leaf litter, thousands of small animals live, like beetles, millipedes, centipedes, and ants. Unseen microscopic creatures such as fungi and bacteria live there, too. All these o ...
Data/hora: 19/02/2017 13:23:54 Provedor de dados: 97 País: Chile
... (Plocamium cartilagineum, Ulva rigida and Fucus spiralis) under full (PAR + UV-A + UV-B) and excluded UV solar radiation (PAR). Under PAR + UV-A + UV-B, peaks of enzyme activity were found in P. cartilagineum during the evening, and accordingly to data previously published for other red macroalgae. ...
... (Plocamium cartilagineum, Ulva rigida and Fucus spiralis) under full (PAR + UV-A + UV-B) and excluded UV solar radiation (PAR). Under PAR + UV-A + UV-B, peaks of enzyme activity were found in P. cartilagineum during the evening, and accordingly to data previously published for other red macroalgae. ...
Tropical Rainforests of Madagascar Madagascar is home to some of
... Tropical Rainforests of Madagascar Madagascar is home to some of the richest rainforests on Earth. Well over half of Madagascar's species are found in these forests, which lie on the east coast of the island. A rainforest is a tropical biome characterized by regular rainfall (exceeding 100 inches -- ...
... Tropical Rainforests of Madagascar Madagascar is home to some of the richest rainforests on Earth. Well over half of Madagascar's species are found in these forests, which lie on the east coast of the island. A rainforest is a tropical biome characterized by regular rainfall (exceeding 100 inches -- ...
Rainforest Vocabulary
... Biodiversity Many different kinds of living things. Camouflage Any color, shape, or pattern adaptation that allows an animal to blend in with its surroundings. Canopy The layer of tropical rain forest below the emergent layer and above the understory; it traps most of the sunlight and water and i ...
... Biodiversity Many different kinds of living things. Camouflage Any color, shape, or pattern adaptation that allows an animal to blend in with its surroundings. Canopy The layer of tropical rain forest below the emergent layer and above the understory; it traps most of the sunlight and water and i ...
Monitoring Leaf Drop
... • To follow the progression of leaf-fall in a mixed deciduous forest • To collect, analyze and present data • To identify tree species by their leaves ...
... • To follow the progression of leaf-fall in a mixed deciduous forest • To collect, analyze and present data • To identify tree species by their leaves ...
The baseline study on the present status of the Samur
... Landscape characteristics of area. After field researches, a 1:25.000 scale map of natural landscapes of the area and tourism-recreation potential was elaborated. During the classification of landscapes local landscape unit was chosen as the smallest unit of landscape, followed by half type and tipp ...
... Landscape characteristics of area. After field researches, a 1:25.000 scale map of natural landscapes of the area and tourism-recreation potential was elaborated. During the classification of landscapes local landscape unit was chosen as the smallest unit of landscape, followed by half type and tipp ...
Chapter 1 Suggested Readings Davis, M. B. 1983. Quaternary
... Nadkarni, N. M. 1984a. Biomass and mineral capital of epiphytes in an Acer macrophyllum community of a temperate moist coniferous forest, Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:2223–28. Nadkarni, N. M. 1984b. Epiphyte biomass and nutrient capital of a neotropical elfin f ...
... Nadkarni, N. M. 1984a. Biomass and mineral capital of epiphytes in an Acer macrophyllum community of a temperate moist coniferous forest, Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:2223–28. Nadkarni, N. M. 1984b. Epiphyte biomass and nutrient capital of a neotropical elfin f ...
Layers of the Rain Forest
... reach only about 20 ft tall. Fig trees and orchids are included in the understory. Moths, butterflies, and many other forest creatures are also located here. ...
... reach only about 20 ft tall. Fig trees and orchids are included in the understory. Moths, butterflies, and many other forest creatures are also located here. ...
GEO 2110
... Interaction of radiation with the earth’s surface and atmosphere. Spectral reflectance curves. Sensors and platforms and idealized remote sensing system. Aerial photography: aerial camera and film characteristics, speed contrast and resolution, scale of aerial photographs, stereoscopy and advances i ...
... Interaction of radiation with the earth’s surface and atmosphere. Spectral reflectance curves. Sensors and platforms and idealized remote sensing system. Aerial photography: aerial camera and film characteristics, speed contrast and resolution, scale of aerial photographs, stereoscopy and advances i ...
Get in Line to Catch the Vine - Mercer Island School District
... Many of the trees have straight trunks that don't branch out for 100 feet or more. Poor soil due to the amount of plants that use up the nutrients and therefore do not allow the soil to recuperate and accumulate a sufficient amount of nutrients. Rainforests now cover less than 6% of Earth's land s ...
... Many of the trees have straight trunks that don't branch out for 100 feet or more. Poor soil due to the amount of plants that use up the nutrients and therefore do not allow the soil to recuperate and accumulate a sufficient amount of nutrients. Rainforests now cover less than 6% of Earth's land s ...
Hemispherical photography
Hemispherical photography, also known as fisheye or canopy photography, is a technique to estimate solar radiation and characterize plant canopy geometry using photographs taken looking upward through an extreme wide-angle lens (Rich 1990). Typically, the viewing angle approaches or equals 180-degrees, such that all sky directions are simultaneously visible. The resulting photographs record the geometry of visible sky, or conversely the geometry of sky obstruction by plant canopies or other near-ground features. This geometry can be measured precisely and used to calculate solar radiation transmitted through (or intercepted by) plant canopies, as well as to estimate aspects of canopy structure such as leaf area index. Detailed treatments of field and analytical methodology have been provided by Paul Rich (1989, 1990) and Robert Pearcy (1989).