Facilitative or competitive effects of woody plants on understorey
... generally; we hypothesize that these effects will depend on the tree’s capacity to fix nitrogen. ...
... generally; we hypothesize that these effects will depend on the tree’s capacity to fix nitrogen. ...
Appendix 1
... 1) The losses are attributable to the entire herbivore community (i.e. data on plant damage caused by a single herbivore species or by a limited number of species were excluded) at the background levels of their densities (i.e. publications explicitly stating that the data were collected during an o ...
... 1) The losses are attributable to the entire herbivore community (i.e. data on plant damage caused by a single herbivore species or by a limited number of species were excluded) at the background levels of their densities (i.e. publications explicitly stating that the data were collected during an o ...
P1.6 DIURNAL CYCLES OF THE SURFACE RADIATION BUDGET
... up, down and net, longwave up, down and net and total net fluxes. The diurnal cycle of longwave radiation is much greater over land than over ocean due to the great thermal mass of the ocean, thus land and ocean were separated for the study. The month of July was selected for this study, as there is ...
... up, down and net, longwave up, down and net and total net fluxes. The diurnal cycle of longwave radiation is much greater over land than over ocean due to the great thermal mass of the ocean, thus land and ocean were separated for the study. The month of July was selected for this study, as there is ...
Radiative Transfer Theory - UCL Department of Geography
... the theory (see Myneni et al., 1989; p.6). We will also deal only with a random (Poisson) distribution of vegetation in detail in these notes. The reader is referred to Myneni et al. (1989; p. 8) for consideration of other spatial distributions. Considering only low density canopies (1% or less by v ...
... the theory (see Myneni et al., 1989; p.6). We will also deal only with a random (Poisson) distribution of vegetation in detail in these notes. The reader is referred to Myneni et al. (1989; p. 8) for consideration of other spatial distributions. Considering only low density canopies (1% or less by v ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 1. Leaf respiration is a major component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but is poorly quantified for tropical forests. We measured dark respiration, R, and nutrient concentration (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) of leaves within two forest canopies: in Reserva Jarú, south-west Brazil; and Mbalmayo ...
... 1. Leaf respiration is a major component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but is poorly quantified for tropical forests. We measured dark respiration, R, and nutrient concentration (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) of leaves within two forest canopies: in Reserva Jarú, south-west Brazil; and Mbalmayo ...
File
... It receives direct rays from the sun most of the year and temperatures reach close to 77 degrees year around. The growing season can last 12 mos., and precipitation can be anywhere from 200-450 cm a year. With an unchanging climate, water and temperature are not limiting factors. Soil richness, may ...
... It receives direct rays from the sun most of the year and temperatures reach close to 77 degrees year around. The growing season can last 12 mos., and precipitation can be anywhere from 200-450 cm a year. With an unchanging climate, water and temperature are not limiting factors. Soil richness, may ...
leaf functional traits vary with the adult height of plant species in
... a community. According to the Beer–Lambert law, light intensity from the canopy of a forest may decrease exponentially with increasing accumulative leaf area index (LAI) down through the forest (Lüttge 2008). For example, in mature temperate or tropical forests, only 1%–2% of the light shed on the f ...
... a community. According to the Beer–Lambert law, light intensity from the canopy of a forest may decrease exponentially with increasing accumulative leaf area index (LAI) down through the forest (Lüttge 2008). For example, in mature temperate or tropical forests, only 1%–2% of the light shed on the f ...
Ninety-seven million years of angiosperm-insect
... evident that for leaf miners, the Dakota flora currently presents the earliest available evidence for significant resource partitioning of angiosperm leaves based on host plant taxonomic affiliation and leaf tissue type. Ectoedemia is targeting platanoids and may have been monophagous, whereas the P ...
... evident that for leaf miners, the Dakota flora currently presents the earliest available evidence for significant resource partitioning of angiosperm leaves based on host plant taxonomic affiliation and leaf tissue type. Ectoedemia is targeting platanoids and may have been monophagous, whereas the P ...
Strategies for the selection of reference organisms in environmental
... [10]. An important property of ecological sensitivity is the hierarchical structure, with each level nested on the previous level. Ecological effects, due to both biotic and abiotic factors, are usually considered at the population or other higher levels of organisation although mediated through the ...
... [10]. An important property of ecological sensitivity is the hierarchical structure, with each level nested on the previous level. Ecological effects, due to both biotic and abiotic factors, are usually considered at the population or other higher levels of organisation although mediated through the ...
Gall-forming and free-feeding herbivory along vertical gradients in a
... Our protocol involved sampling galls on all leaves within a volumetric space of 1 m in diameter, from three meters above the ground up to the upper canopy (canopy-pin transect) or along an equivalent horizontal transect of 30 m (the average height of this forest) parallel to the soil (understorey-pi ...
... Our protocol involved sampling galls on all leaves within a volumetric space of 1 m in diameter, from three meters above the ground up to the upper canopy (canopy-pin transect) or along an equivalent horizontal transect of 30 m (the average height of this forest) parallel to the soil (understorey-pi ...
Biomes Section 2 - Manhasset Schools
... • The understory is the foliage layer that is beneath and shaded by the main canopy of a forest. • Little light reaches this layer allowing only trees and shrubs adapted to shade to grow there. • Most plants in the understory do not grow more that 3.5 m tall. • Herbs with large flat leaves that grow ...
... • The understory is the foliage layer that is beneath and shaded by the main canopy of a forest. • Little light reaches this layer allowing only trees and shrubs adapted to shade to grow there. • Most plants in the understory do not grow more that 3.5 m tall. • Herbs with large flat leaves that grow ...
Document
... • The understory is the foliage layer that is beneath and shaded by the main canopy of a forest. • Little light reaches this layer allowing only trees and shrubs adapted to shade to grow there. • Most plants in the understory do not grow more that 3.5 m tall. • Herbs with large flat leaves that grow ...
... • The understory is the foliage layer that is beneath and shaded by the main canopy of a forest. • Little light reaches this layer allowing only trees and shrubs adapted to shade to grow there. • Most plants in the understory do not grow more that 3.5 m tall. • Herbs with large flat leaves that grow ...
Forest Biomes
... crackle beneath your feet. Most birds have flown south. The forest is quieter than it was in the summer. You see mostly chipmunks and squirrels gathering and storing the food they will need during the long, cold winter. In temperate deciduous forests, trees drop their broad, flat leaves each fall. T ...
... crackle beneath your feet. Most birds have flown south. The forest is quieter than it was in the summer. You see mostly chipmunks and squirrels gathering and storing the food they will need during the long, cold winter. In temperate deciduous forests, trees drop their broad, flat leaves each fall. T ...
Modelling Herbivore grazing resources using hyperspectral
... There is generally a strong positive correlation between leaf nitrogen concentration and photosynthesis (as long as other factors such as water availability or light are not limiting) (Field and Mooney 1986). Of the nitrogen found in a leaf, a large fraction (over 50%) is contained in the carbonfixi ...
... There is generally a strong positive correlation between leaf nitrogen concentration and photosynthesis (as long as other factors such as water availability or light are not limiting) (Field and Mooney 1986). Of the nitrogen found in a leaf, a large fraction (over 50%) is contained in the carbonfixi ...
Leaf Miners
... • Feed in characteristic patterns, resulting in the formation of visible “mines”. • These may take the form of a winding channel through the leaf or a large, discoloured patch, known as a blotch mine. • Source: © South West Lakes Trust 2006 • http://www.swlakestrust.org.uk/fileadmin/packs/leafminer. ...
... • Feed in characteristic patterns, resulting in the formation of visible “mines”. • These may take the form of a winding channel through the leaf or a large, discoloured patch, known as a blotch mine. • Source: © South West Lakes Trust 2006 • http://www.swlakestrust.org.uk/fileadmin/packs/leafminer. ...
SECTION 2 Forest Biomes
... orange, red, and yellow crackle beneath your feet. Most birds have flown south. The forest is quieter than it was in the summer. You see mostly chipmunks and squirrels gathering and storing the food they will need during the long, cold winter. In temperate deciduous forests, trees drop their broad, ...
... orange, red, and yellow crackle beneath your feet. Most birds have flown south. The forest is quieter than it was in the summer. You see mostly chipmunks and squirrels gathering and storing the food they will need during the long, cold winter. In temperate deciduous forests, trees drop their broad, ...
File - Katerina Sam
... Email contact: [email protected]/ [email protected] Web pages: http://tvardikova.weebly.com/ Career objective I am recent Ph.D. graduate who combines well studies and research with other commitments (e.g. my two years old son). In achieving this, I have shown myself to be very se ...
... Email contact: [email protected]/ [email protected] Web pages: http://tvardikova.weebly.com/ Career objective I am recent Ph.D. graduate who combines well studies and research with other commitments (e.g. my two years old son). In achieving this, I have shown myself to be very se ...
Three-dimensional representation of leaf anatomy – Application of
... microscopy. However, obtaining quality images of plant leaves with MRI has been technically difficult as demonstrated by the scarceness of literature (Walter et al. 1989 ; Veres et al. 1993). The laminar shape of this organ and its small size require a special device − small radiofrequency coil − to ...
... microscopy. However, obtaining quality images of plant leaves with MRI has been technically difficult as demonstrated by the scarceness of literature (Walter et al. 1989 ; Veres et al. 1993). The laminar shape of this organ and its small size require a special device − small radiofrequency coil − to ...
Insect Herbivory in Tropical Forests
... Margaret D. Lowman, and myself) joined forces. We developed a novel technique for estimating the levels of herbivory in forest stands by sampling random locations within the three-dimensional canopy space of a forest (see Figure 1). This three-dimensional randomization avoids the complicated sub-sam ...
... Margaret D. Lowman, and myself) joined forces. We developed a novel technique for estimating the levels of herbivory in forest stands by sampling random locations within the three-dimensional canopy space of a forest (see Figure 1). This three-dimensional randomization avoids the complicated sub-sam ...
apartamento luquillo
... carried out in litterfall, the collectors are set up at a meter from the ground, and part of litterfall that falls is intercepted by epiphytes and another part by vegetation of the intermediate layers and the undergrowth (Veneklaas 1991). Aside from this, the litterfall of trees in its process from ...
... carried out in litterfall, the collectors are set up at a meter from the ground, and part of litterfall that falls is intercepted by epiphytes and another part by vegetation of the intermediate layers and the undergrowth (Veneklaas 1991). Aside from this, the litterfall of trees in its process from ...
2015 - Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
... ecosystems of North America. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. doi:10.1017/ S1742170515000411 (18 pages). Shoup, D.E. and D.W. Lane. 2015. Effects of turbidity on prey selection and foraging return of adult largemouth bass in reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 35: 91392 ...
... ecosystems of North America. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. doi:10.1017/ S1742170515000411 (18 pages). Shoup, D.E. and D.W. Lane. 2015. Effects of turbidity on prey selection and foraging return of adult largemouth bass in reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 35: 91392 ...
6.2
... • Plants in the deciduous forests grow in layers with tall trees, such as birch, dominating the canopy while shrubs cover the understory. Also, more light reaches deciduous forest floors than rain forests floors allowing more plants to grow. • Temperate-forest plants are adapted to survive seasonal ...
... • Plants in the deciduous forests grow in layers with tall trees, such as birch, dominating the canopy while shrubs cover the understory. Also, more light reaches deciduous forest floors than rain forests floors allowing more plants to grow. • Temperate-forest plants are adapted to survive seasonal ...
Disturbance Ecology - Utah State University
... The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) states that local species diversity is maximized when ecological disturbance is neither too rare nor too frequent. ...
... The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) states that local species diversity is maximized when ecological disturbance is neither too rare nor too frequent. ...
The community ecology of Asian rain forests, in relation to
... beneath the canopy gap created, landslips strip most or all of the soil leaving a mineral surface initially devoid even of dormant seeds. Landslips can thus sharply differentiate the soil conditions of ridges and slopes and the floristic composition and dynamics of their forests (see Whitmore 1984, ...
... beneath the canopy gap created, landslips strip most or all of the soil leaving a mineral surface initially devoid even of dormant seeds. Landslips can thus sharply differentiate the soil conditions of ridges and slopes and the floristic composition and dynamics of their forests (see Whitmore 1984, ...
Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens)
... unsuitable. Isolation of mature evergreen stands is also an issue for Bachman’s sparrows; however, because the conditions within them are less ephemeral, birds have a longer time to access them. Thus, they can likely be more isolated and still be colonized. We assumed the stability of these habitat ...
... unsuitable. Isolation of mature evergreen stands is also an issue for Bachman’s sparrows; however, because the conditions within them are less ephemeral, birds have a longer time to access them. Thus, they can likely be more isolated and still be colonized. We assumed the stability of these habitat ...
Hemispherical photography
Hemispherical photography, also known as fisheye or canopy photography, is a technique to estimate solar radiation and characterize plant canopy geometry using photographs taken looking upward through an extreme wide-angle lens (Rich 1990). Typically, the viewing angle approaches or equals 180-degrees, such that all sky directions are simultaneously visible. The resulting photographs record the geometry of visible sky, or conversely the geometry of sky obstruction by plant canopies or other near-ground features. This geometry can be measured precisely and used to calculate solar radiation transmitted through (or intercepted by) plant canopies, as well as to estimate aspects of canopy structure such as leaf area index. Detailed treatments of field and analytical methodology have been provided by Paul Rich (1989, 1990) and Robert Pearcy (1989).