Ecosystems effects 25 years after Chernobyl: pollinators, fruit set
... plants, occurring commonly and widely across all study sites. All six species are generally self-incompatible and sexually reproducing with no vegetative or asexual propagation. These species are frequently visited by pollinators, and at least apple is known to require pollinators for maximum reprod ...
... plants, occurring commonly and widely across all study sites. All six species are generally self-incompatible and sexually reproducing with no vegetative or asexual propagation. These species are frequently visited by pollinators, and at least apple is known to require pollinators for maximum reprod ...
caltech-1
... Recently, Salby and Callaghan [2000], using the radiosonde data from Free University of Berlin (FUB) near the equator at 45 hPa from 1956-1996, and found that the duration of the QBO’s westerly phase tends to be longer during solar minimum. This result is confirmed by Soukharev and Hood [2001] using ...
... Recently, Salby and Callaghan [2000], using the radiosonde data from Free University of Berlin (FUB) near the equator at 45 hPa from 1956-1996, and found that the duration of the QBO’s westerly phase tends to be longer during solar minimum. This result is confirmed by Soukharev and Hood [2001] using ...
Tropical forest loss and its multitrophic effects on insect herbivory
... We collected the specimens manually for further identification by specialists at the lower taxonomic level to classify them into predators and herbivores. We classified the orders Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones, Neuroptera, Mantodea, and ant species of genus Crematogaster and Ectatomma as predators. We c ...
... We collected the specimens manually for further identification by specialists at the lower taxonomic level to classify them into predators and herbivores. We classified the orders Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones, Neuroptera, Mantodea, and ant species of genus Crematogaster and Ectatomma as predators. We c ...
Grasshopper Outbreaks
... during years with above normal precipitation. Access to radiant heat from the sun is not limiting the grasshopper population growth at any time in these arid regions because of the relatively low vegetation canopy, however, the available food supply usually limits the grasshopper density except duri ...
... during years with above normal precipitation. Access to radiant heat from the sun is not limiting the grasshopper population growth at any time in these arid regions because of the relatively low vegetation canopy, however, the available food supply usually limits the grasshopper density except duri ...
From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant functioning P B. R *
... sets, we found that potential carbon gain (photosynthesis) and carbon loss (respiration) increase in similar proportion with decreasing leaf life-span, increasing leaf nitrogen concentration, and increasing leaf surface area-to-mass ratio. Productivity of individual plants and of leaves in vegetatio ...
... sets, we found that potential carbon gain (photosynthesis) and carbon loss (respiration) increase in similar proportion with decreasing leaf life-span, increasing leaf nitrogen concentration, and increasing leaf surface area-to-mass ratio. Productivity of individual plants and of leaves in vegetatio ...
From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant functioning
... sets, we found that potential carbon gain (photosynthesis) and carbon loss (respiration) increase in similar proportion with decreasing leaf life-span, increasing leaf nitrogen concentration, and increasing leaf surface area-to-mass ratio. Productivity of individual plants and of leaves in vegetatio ...
... sets, we found that potential carbon gain (photosynthesis) and carbon loss (respiration) increase in similar proportion with decreasing leaf life-span, increasing leaf nitrogen concentration, and increasing leaf surface area-to-mass ratio. Productivity of individual plants and of leaves in vegetatio ...
BIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 2: Habitat: Resources • Lecture
... • And NUH is the letter I use to spell Nutches, Who live in small caves, known as Nitches, for hutches. These Nutches have troubles, the biggest of which is The fact there are many more Nutches than Nitches. Each Nutch in a Nitch knows that some other Nutch Would like to move into his N ...
... • And NUH is the letter I use to spell Nutches, Who live in small caves, known as Nitches, for hutches. These Nutches have troubles, the biggest of which is The fact there are many more Nutches than Nitches. Each Nutch in a Nitch knows that some other Nutch Would like to move into his N ...
Speciesspecific responses of foliar nutrients to longterm nitrogen
... species was collected between November 2010 and March 2011 using 1-m2-mesh litter traps located under up to three individuals of each species in each plot. The traps were emptied every 2 weeks, dried at 60 °C for 48 h and composited by species in each plot. For the O. mapora palm, both fresh and sen ...
... species was collected between November 2010 and March 2011 using 1-m2-mesh litter traps located under up to three individuals of each species in each plot. The traps were emptied every 2 weeks, dried at 60 °C for 48 h and composited by species in each plot. For the O. mapora palm, both fresh and sen ...
El Yunque Caribbean National Forest
... As the forests become more fragmented into smaller patches, they can support smaller and smaller populations of organisms. When populations are small, the effects of hurricanes, parasitic flies, competition, and predation are more devastating. Eighty percent of the life-forms in tropical rain forest ...
... As the forests become more fragmented into smaller patches, they can support smaller and smaller populations of organisms. When populations are small, the effects of hurricanes, parasitic flies, competition, and predation are more devastating. Eighty percent of the life-forms in tropical rain forest ...
Guidelines for Managing Canada Warbler Habitat in the Northeast
... clustered in neighborhoods,16 large patches with >10 acres of suitable habitat offer more value than small patches. Forested connections among habitat patches also enhance their value. ...
... clustered in neighborhoods,16 large patches with >10 acres of suitable habitat offer more value than small patches. Forested connections among habitat patches also enhance their value. ...
(Frostweed, Asteraceae) not found in grasslands?
... bimodal, with peaks in May and September (10.7 cm and 8.7 cm), little summer rainfall, high evaporation and high variability (Thornthwaite 1931; NOAA 2004). Verbesina virginica L. (Frostweed, Asteraceae) can be up to 1.8 m tall, and is an erect, unbranched, herbaceous, perennial plant with the main ...
... bimodal, with peaks in May and September (10.7 cm and 8.7 cm), little summer rainfall, high evaporation and high variability (Thornthwaite 1931; NOAA 2004). Verbesina virginica L. (Frostweed, Asteraceae) can be up to 1.8 m tall, and is an erect, unbranched, herbaceous, perennial plant with the main ...
Upland Hardwood Forest and Upland Mixed Forest
... Upland hardwood forest differs from slope forest primarily by its lack of the abundance and high diversity of rare species characteristic of slope forest (e.g., Florida torreya [Torreya taxifolia], fringed campion [Silene polypetala], Florida yew [Taxus floridana]; see slope forest). Upland hardwoo ...
... Upland hardwood forest differs from slope forest primarily by its lack of the abundance and high diversity of rare species characteristic of slope forest (e.g., Florida torreya [Torreya taxifolia], fringed campion [Silene polypetala], Florida yew [Taxus floridana]; see slope forest). Upland hardwoo ...
Solar ultraviolet radiation in a changing climate
... Earth’s surface. These changes will, in turn, alter sinks and sources of CO2 and other trace gases that will affect future climate warming. The unequivocal warming of the climate system14 may have important impacts on future stratospheric ozone depletion independently of the concentration of ODS in ...
... Earth’s surface. These changes will, in turn, alter sinks and sources of CO2 and other trace gases that will affect future climate warming. The unequivocal warming of the climate system14 may have important impacts on future stratospheric ozone depletion independently of the concentration of ODS in ...
Managing For Old-Growth Structure in Northern Hardwood Forests
... silvicultural utility has not been field tested. Sigmoidal form is one of several possible distributions in eastern old-growth forests (Leak 1996 and 2002, Goodburn and Lorimer 1999). These vary with disturbance history, species composition, and competitive dynamics. The distribution offers advantag ...
... silvicultural utility has not been field tested. Sigmoidal form is one of several possible distributions in eastern old-growth forests (Leak 1996 and 2002, Goodburn and Lorimer 1999). These vary with disturbance history, species composition, and competitive dynamics. The distribution offers advantag ...
Levels of Ecology
... It refers to all the abiotic factors (physical and chemical constituents) and all the communities that established in a specific area. It is a collection of organisms that live in a place with the nonliving environment. ...
... It refers to all the abiotic factors (physical and chemical constituents) and all the communities that established in a specific area. It is a collection of organisms that live in a place with the nonliving environment. ...
Seedling emergence and survival in Cinnamomum tamala under
... companion species of C. tamala from the same study area. The compounds present in the fruit pulp may inhibit seed germination by blocking biochemical pathways of seed germination (Evenari 1949; Mayer & Poljakoff-Mayber 1989) or by altering the seed microenvironment (Samuels & Levey 2005). In nature, ...
... companion species of C. tamala from the same study area. The compounds present in the fruit pulp may inhibit seed germination by blocking biochemical pathways of seed germination (Evenari 1949; Mayer & Poljakoff-Mayber 1989) or by altering the seed microenvironment (Samuels & Levey 2005). In nature, ...
6. Earth radiation balance under present day conditions Radiation
... Governs fraction of solar energy absorbed by the Earth Similarly: surface albedo = reflected divided by incident solar radiation at the surface Radiation and Climate Change FS 2016 Martin Wild ...
... Governs fraction of solar energy absorbed by the Earth Similarly: surface albedo = reflected divided by incident solar radiation at the surface Radiation and Climate Change FS 2016 Martin Wild ...
Wood Thrush and Scarlet Tanager
... annual declines of more than 1.5% have been observed in the Atlantic Northern Forest, across the eastern Allegheny Plateau, and along the New England-Mid-Atlantic Coast (Fig. 2). The species has received SGCN designations in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New J ...
... annual declines of more than 1.5% have been observed in the Atlantic Northern Forest, across the eastern Allegheny Plateau, and along the New England-Mid-Atlantic Coast (Fig. 2). The species has received SGCN designations in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New J ...
Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and
... prominent species on sandier soils which are not inundated for long periods. The ground layer of this ecological community supports the majority of plant species diversity, with species composition varying due to differences in soil type and duration, timing and degree of inundation during the wet s ...
... prominent species on sandier soils which are not inundated for long periods. The ground layer of this ecological community supports the majority of plant species diversity, with species composition varying due to differences in soil type and duration, timing and degree of inundation during the wet s ...
Metadata_Bibliography
... Escarré, J., J. Lepart, and J. J. Sentue. 1996. Effects of simulated herbivory in three old field Compositae with different inflorescence architectures. Oecologia 105:501-508. Feibert, E. B., and J. H. Langenheim. 1988. Leaf resin variation in Copaifera langsdorfii: relation to irradiance and herbiv ...
... Escarré, J., J. Lepart, and J. J. Sentue. 1996. Effects of simulated herbivory in three old field Compositae with different inflorescence architectures. Oecologia 105:501-508. Feibert, E. B., and J. H. Langenheim. 1988. Leaf resin variation in Copaifera langsdorfii: relation to irradiance and herbiv ...
Sample HGSE 355 Syllabus
... Following the first week of class, students summarize what they have learned about the different BEC zones of Haida Gwaii in a report based on observations taken throughout the week and provides an overview of ecosystem types, key species found and any management practices observed. Field Trip Repor ...
... Following the first week of class, students summarize what they have learned about the different BEC zones of Haida Gwaii in a report based on observations taken throughout the week and provides an overview of ecosystem types, key species found and any management practices observed. Field Trip Repor ...
an introduction to human ecology research on
... I a hectares of leaves on its trees. As the sunlight must pass through so many leaves, only a fraction of the incoming light (less than 1 percent) actually reaches the forest floor. As a consequence, most rain forests have little vegetation at the ground level. Plants less than a half meter in heigh ...
... I a hectares of leaves on its trees. As the sunlight must pass through so many leaves, only a fraction of the incoming light (less than 1 percent) actually reaches the forest floor. As a consequence, most rain forests have little vegetation at the ground level. Plants less than a half meter in heigh ...
Temperate forests are characterized by fluctuating seasonal
... vulgare) and their predators, including the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus). Pileated woodpeckers depend upon dead or dying trees as asource of food and for constructing their nests, and many migratory birds, such as the spring warblers, time their arrival to coincide with the opening of ...
... vulgare) and their predators, including the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus). Pileated woodpeckers depend upon dead or dying trees as asource of food and for constructing their nests, and many migratory birds, such as the spring warblers, time their arrival to coincide with the opening of ...
Article - Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development
... Leaf-level photosynthetic traits were periodically measured since September 2008. Using an Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system (Li-cor, Lincoln, NE, USA), the relationship between net photosynthetic rate (A, mol m–2 s–1) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, mol mol–1) (A–Ci relationship) wa ...
... Leaf-level photosynthetic traits were periodically measured since September 2008. Using an Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system (Li-cor, Lincoln, NE, USA), the relationship between net photosynthetic rate (A, mol m–2 s–1) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, mol mol–1) (A–Ci relationship) wa ...
Tree Physiology 35 - CREAF
... shown an increase of leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit area with increasing altitude (Williams et al. 1995, Song et al. 2012). Other studies have reported increases in stomatal density, stomatal conductance and light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation with increasing al ...
... shown an increase of leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit area with increasing altitude (Williams et al. 1995, Song et al. 2012). Other studies have reported increases in stomatal density, stomatal conductance and light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation with increasing al ...
Hemispherical photography
Hemispherical photography, also known as fisheye or canopy photography, is a technique to estimate solar radiation and characterize plant canopy geometry using photographs taken looking upward through an extreme wide-angle lens (Rich 1990). Typically, the viewing angle approaches or equals 180-degrees, such that all sky directions are simultaneously visible. The resulting photographs record the geometry of visible sky, or conversely the geometry of sky obstruction by plant canopies or other near-ground features. This geometry can be measured precisely and used to calculate solar radiation transmitted through (or intercepted by) plant canopies, as well as to estimate aspects of canopy structure such as leaf area index. Detailed treatments of field and analytical methodology have been provided by Paul Rich (1989, 1990) and Robert Pearcy (1989).