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... 1999 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science that they had discovered that mast cells recognize harmful bacteria and trigger the body's innate immune system by releasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and recruiting neutrophils, the infection-clearing cells. Mast cells can selective ...
... 1999 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science that they had discovered that mast cells recognize harmful bacteria and trigger the body's innate immune system by releasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and recruiting neutrophils, the infection-clearing cells. Mast cells can selective ...
Ability of basophils to induce naive CD4 + T cells to develop into
... • representing less than 1% of circulating white blood cells • susceptible to staining by base dyes • Basophils appear in many specific kinds of inflammatory reactions • can be found in unusually high numbers at sites of ectoparasite infection (e.g. ticks) • basophils are primary effector cells in a ...
... • representing less than 1% of circulating white blood cells • susceptible to staining by base dyes • Basophils appear in many specific kinds of inflammatory reactions • can be found in unusually high numbers at sites of ectoparasite infection (e.g. ticks) • basophils are primary effector cells in a ...
Immune recognition and rejection of allogeneic skin grafts
... Following placement of skin allografts, donor DCs, often referred to as passenger leukocytes, migrate out of the graft through lymphatic vessels and infiltrate the recipient’s draining lymph nodes (LNs) where they present donor antigens to alloreactive T cells. Therefore, skin DCs play an essential ...
... Following placement of skin allografts, donor DCs, often referred to as passenger leukocytes, migrate out of the graft through lymphatic vessels and infiltrate the recipient’s draining lymph nodes (LNs) where they present donor antigens to alloreactive T cells. Therefore, skin DCs play an essential ...
b
... Immunocompetent T cells are activated when the V regions of their surface receptors bind to a recognized antigen ...
... Immunocompetent T cells are activated when the V regions of their surface receptors bind to a recognized antigen ...
Cell-Mediated Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Role of Thl
... Generation of pertussis-specific T-cell lines. CD4+ T-cell lines specific for FHA were established as previously described for influenza virus-specific T-cell clones (33). Briefly, spleen cells (2 x 106) from convalescent mice were stimulated in vitro with purified FHA (0.5 ,ug/ml) for 4 days, and t ...
... Generation of pertussis-specific T-cell lines. CD4+ T-cell lines specific for FHA were established as previously described for influenza virus-specific T-cell clones (33). Briefly, spleen cells (2 x 106) from convalescent mice were stimulated in vitro with purified FHA (0.5 ,ug/ml) for 4 days, and t ...
The origins of the identification and isolation of hematopoietic stem
... lymphocytes.12-16 In perhaps the most brilliant experiment of the series, they induced clonal markers in donor marrow by sublethal irradiation, then transplanted cells in numbers that made visible day 10 spleen colonies; each colony that had a chromosomal marker had one that was distinctive for that ...
... lymphocytes.12-16 In perhaps the most brilliant experiment of the series, they induced clonal markers in donor marrow by sublethal irradiation, then transplanted cells in numbers that made visible day 10 spleen colonies; each colony that had a chromosomal marker had one that was distinctive for that ...
030710 Medium- and Large
... and large-vessel arteritis are characteristics of two entities — giant-cell (temporal) arteritis and Takayasu’s arteritis. These arteritides involve similar histologic abnormalities1 but differ in the age of onset and the vascular structures that are preferentially targeted.2,3 They share pathogenic ...
... and large-vessel arteritis are characteristics of two entities — giant-cell (temporal) arteritis and Takayasu’s arteritis. These arteritides involve similar histologic abnormalities1 but differ in the age of onset and the vascular structures that are preferentially targeted.2,3 They share pathogenic ...
Testicular defense systems: immune privilege and innate
... testis, is frequently observed in infertile patients and in EAO models.57 In addition to the inflammatory regulation, mast cells are essential intermediaries for regulatory T-cell tolerance.58 However, the functions of the mast cells in maintaining testicular immune privilege remain unclear. In addi ...
... testis, is frequently observed in infertile patients and in EAO models.57 In addition to the inflammatory regulation, mast cells are essential intermediaries for regulatory T-cell tolerance.58 However, the functions of the mast cells in maintaining testicular immune privilege remain unclear. In addi ...
REVIEWS - Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
... Mycobacterium vaccae. Most mycobacteria, like M. smegmatis, can be readily isolated from environmental sources, such as soil and water. M. tuberculosis, however, is an obligate pathogen and has no natural reservoir outside humans, where its primary target cells are MACROPHAGES. The successful parasi ...
... Mycobacterium vaccae. Most mycobacteria, like M. smegmatis, can be readily isolated from environmental sources, such as soil and water. M. tuberculosis, however, is an obligate pathogen and has no natural reservoir outside humans, where its primary target cells are MACROPHAGES. The successful parasi ...
Anthrax Lethal Toxin-Mediated Killing of Human and Murine
... Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized white blood cells that identify and present antigens to immune cells, T cells, in order to mount an immune response targeted against specific pathogens. DCs are critical to a host’s defense against infection. Previous work has shown that the anthrax bacterium di ...
... Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized white blood cells that identify and present antigens to immune cells, T cells, in order to mount an immune response targeted against specific pathogens. DCs are critical to a host’s defense against infection. Previous work has shown that the anthrax bacterium di ...
Naive B cells generate regulatory T cells in the
... of molecules were found to be characteristically located at c- and p-SMAC, respectively. The prototypic marker for c-SMAC is the TCR complex.15 A more recent study shows that f-actin is highly enriched in p-SMAC.23 Thus we chose to study the spatial distribution of f-actin and the peptide-specific T ...
... of molecules were found to be characteristically located at c- and p-SMAC, respectively. The prototypic marker for c-SMAC is the TCR complex.15 A more recent study shows that f-actin is highly enriched in p-SMAC.23 Thus we chose to study the spatial distribution of f-actin and the peptide-specific T ...
Macrophage polarization in metabolic disorders - HAL
... Purpose of review –To discuss recent findings on the role and regulation of macrophage polarization in obesity and atherosclerosis. Recent findings – Macrophages infiltrate the vascular wall during atherosclerosis and adipose tissue during obesity. At least two distinct sub-populations with differen ...
... Purpose of review –To discuss recent findings on the role and regulation of macrophage polarization in obesity and atherosclerosis. Recent findings – Macrophages infiltrate the vascular wall during atherosclerosis and adipose tissue during obesity. At least two distinct sub-populations with differen ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Its Structurally Related
... however, indicates that mast cells also secrete proinflammatory cytokines (14, 15), such as IL-6 (16) and are involved in neuroinflammatory processes (17). These findings have prompted the speculation that mast cells may have a much more versatile role than previously suspected (18, 19). It has been ...
... however, indicates that mast cells also secrete proinflammatory cytokines (14, 15), such as IL-6 (16) and are involved in neuroinflammatory processes (17). These findings have prompted the speculation that mast cells may have a much more versatile role than previously suspected (18, 19). It has been ...
A regulatory dendritic cell signature correlates with the clinical
... France, and Vienna, Austria Background: Given their pivotal role in the polarization of T-cell responses, molecular changes at the level of dendritic cells (DCs) could represent an early signature indicative of the subsequent orientation of adaptive immune responses during immunotherapy. Objective: ...
... France, and Vienna, Austria Background: Given their pivotal role in the polarization of T-cell responses, molecular changes at the level of dendritic cells (DCs) could represent an early signature indicative of the subsequent orientation of adaptive immune responses during immunotherapy. Objective: ...
Phagocytosis and Encapsulation: Cellular Immune Responses in
... 4°C, the usual aggregation of hemocytes still forms and clings to a foreign object, but it will not mature into a tight, smoothFIG. 1. In vitro demonstration of an encapsulation- contoured capsule unless the culture is subpromoting factor released from hemocytes of Heliothis sequently warmed to room ...
... 4°C, the usual aggregation of hemocytes still forms and clings to a foreign object, but it will not mature into a tight, smoothFIG. 1. In vitro demonstration of an encapsulation- contoured capsule unless the culture is subpromoting factor released from hemocytes of Heliothis sequently warmed to room ...
Effects of gastrointestinal nematode infection on the
... there are many common features between the linings of the intestines and the stomach there are also major physiologic and structural differences between these organs. The possibility exists that a given type of immune response could function very well in the intestine, but remain ineffective in the ...
... there are many common features between the linings of the intestines and the stomach there are also major physiologic and structural differences between these organs. The possibility exists that a given type of immune response could function very well in the intestine, but remain ineffective in the ...
Normal cellular counterparts of B cell chronic
... in human serum for one hour at 37#{176}C to remove the beads from the cell surface. ...
... in human serum for one hour at 37#{176}C to remove the beads from the cell surface. ...
... There is an obvious and urgent need for novel approaches to treat infectious diseases. The use of monoclonal antibodies in therapy of infectious diseases is now experiencing renewed interest. During the last 5 years radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a modality previously developed only for cancer treatment, ...
Length of the Circulating T Cell Pool Cytomegalovirus Infection
... cell population is shorter than that of the naive subset (11, 12). During a primary viral infection, virus-specific naive T cells are activated and go through a number of divisions, forming a large pool of virus-specific, highly cytotoxic effector cells. After viral clearance, the pool of effector c ...
... cell population is shorter than that of the naive subset (11, 12). During a primary viral infection, virus-specific naive T cells are activated and go through a number of divisions, forming a large pool of virus-specific, highly cytotoxic effector cells. After viral clearance, the pool of effector c ...
Female sex hormones regulate the Th17 immune response to sperm
... coitus without a condom (Sharkey et al., 2012a). Moreover, the presence of antisperm antibodies in females has been widely reported (Clarke, 2009). However, the passage of sperm through the FRT must be regulated in order to maximize the probability of fertilization. In some species, sperm may be sto ...
... coitus without a condom (Sharkey et al., 2012a). Moreover, the presence of antisperm antibodies in females has been widely reported (Clarke, 2009). However, the passage of sperm through the FRT must be regulated in order to maximize the probability of fertilization. In some species, sperm may be sto ...
Heart Allograft Tolerance Regulatory Cells: Relevance to
... olid organ and hemopoietic stem cell (HSC)3 transplantation have become common procedures for organ failure and other end-stage diseases. The major limitation, rejection of the allograft by the host’s immune system, can be reduced but not eliminated by various immunosuppressive drugs. Unfortunately, ...
... olid organ and hemopoietic stem cell (HSC)3 transplantation have become common procedures for organ failure and other end-stage diseases. The major limitation, rejection of the allograft by the host’s immune system, can be reduced but not eliminated by various immunosuppressive drugs. Unfortunately, ...
How do adaptive immune systems control
... self-directed response can cause destruction of self-tissue [32] with severe consequences. For example, some forms of type 1 diabetes are caused by a CTL response that destroys islet cells in the pancreas [33]. Clonal deletion during ontogeny The first step in avoiding self-directed T-cell responses ...
... self-directed response can cause destruction of self-tissue [32] with severe consequences. For example, some forms of type 1 diabetes are caused by a CTL response that destroys islet cells in the pancreas [33]. Clonal deletion during ontogeny The first step in avoiding self-directed T-cell responses ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.