The Guardian at the Gate - Quintessential Health Care
... displaying its hits. • These surface markers serve as an alarm to other immune cells, giving them information about the invader. All cells that do this are called antigen presenting cells (APCs). ...
... displaying its hits. • These surface markers serve as an alarm to other immune cells, giving them information about the invader. All cells that do this are called antigen presenting cells (APCs). ...
The Immune System - Mr. Harwood's Classroom
... “self” MHC cells are destroyed - to remove the chance of “friendly fire” casualties ...
... “self” MHC cells are destroyed - to remove the chance of “friendly fire” casualties ...
The Immune System - Ms. Lin`s Science Class
... scissors! Oh no! The scissors are loaded with germs! The germs have clearly gotten past your first line of defense. Describe your body’s second line of defense in a comic book style format. Include pictures and descriptions. ...
... scissors! Oh no! The scissors are loaded with germs! The germs have clearly gotten past your first line of defense. Describe your body’s second line of defense in a comic book style format. Include pictures and descriptions. ...
Chapter 1 Notes - Social Circle City Schools
... The skin and mucous membranes provide first-line barriers to infection -skin prevents the entry of pathogens - mucous membranes line digestive and respiratory tracts - the skin also secretes acids and chemicals - lysozyme: digests the cell wall ...
... The skin and mucous membranes provide first-line barriers to infection -skin prevents the entry of pathogens - mucous membranes line digestive and respiratory tracts - the skin also secretes acids and chemicals - lysozyme: digests the cell wall ...
Interferon Type II & III - Bite
... contribute to a much wider range of biological activities. Binding of IFN-γ to its receptors promotes cellular immune responses; activation of macrophages and NK cells; upregulation of MHC expression and promoting leucocyte migration. IFN-γ is also considered the key cytokine in the Th1 immune respo ...
... contribute to a much wider range of biological activities. Binding of IFN-γ to its receptors promotes cellular immune responses; activation of macrophages and NK cells; upregulation of MHC expression and promoting leucocyte migration. IFN-γ is also considered the key cytokine in the Th1 immune respo ...
Lecture exam #2 review guide: covered chapters 17, 22, 23
... APC (antigen presenting cells) - Dendritic cells and some macrophages. Type II MHC displays antigen to activate T cells. T-cells must be activated by APCs along with cytokines (safety) ▫ Plot out the “training” of a T-cell. Where does this occur? How must antigen be presented? What tests must a T-ce ...
... APC (antigen presenting cells) - Dendritic cells and some macrophages. Type II MHC displays antigen to activate T cells. T-cells must be activated by APCs along with cytokines (safety) ▫ Plot out the “training” of a T-cell. Where does this occur? How must antigen be presented? What tests must a T-ce ...
Immunity and the Immune System
... up fragments of peptides and places them in the membrane. This allows the immune system to recognize that the cell is (a) self and (b) normal, not infected, malignant or damaged. ...
... up fragments of peptides and places them in the membrane. This allows the immune system to recognize that the cell is (a) self and (b) normal, not infected, malignant or damaged. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
... the cell-surface membrane, so that the cell becomes freely permeable to substances and dies as a result. Most effective against viruses. As viruses need living cells to reproduce, this stops them ...
... the cell-surface membrane, so that the cell becomes freely permeable to substances and dies as a result. Most effective against viruses. As viruses need living cells to reproduce, this stops them ...
INFLAMMATION
... Foreign body giant cell: is fused macrophages which are generated in response to present large foreign body, nuclei are arranged in disorganized manner. Langhans giant cell: is fusion of macrophages & contain arranged in horse shoeshaped pattern in cell periphery, found in granulomatous & tuberculos ...
... Foreign body giant cell: is fused macrophages which are generated in response to present large foreign body, nuclei are arranged in disorganized manner. Langhans giant cell: is fusion of macrophages & contain arranged in horse shoeshaped pattern in cell periphery, found in granulomatous & tuberculos ...
Human Body Systems
... pain) Histamine is released which cause capillaries to become enlarged and more permeable (causes redness, swelling, pain) White Blood cells Non-specific (macrophage) ...
... pain) Histamine is released which cause capillaries to become enlarged and more permeable (causes redness, swelling, pain) White Blood cells Non-specific (macrophage) ...
Paul Kubes, University of Calgary Role of the Adapter Molecule
... Role of the Adapter Molecule MyD88 and the Protein Molecule TRIF in IBD About 10 years ago a number of scientists discovered how humans and other species recognize and respond to bacteria. Molecules called Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) recognize and get our immune system to respond appropriately to pat ...
... Role of the Adapter Molecule MyD88 and the Protein Molecule TRIF in IBD About 10 years ago a number of scientists discovered how humans and other species recognize and respond to bacteria. Molecules called Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) recognize and get our immune system to respond appropriately to pat ...
White Blood Cell
... Nucleus – The brain of the cell; is usually found in the center of the cell. Pathogens – Microorganisms that cause diseases. Remember – What the immune system does after it has fought against a germ; it will recognize it the next time it enters the body. ...
... Nucleus – The brain of the cell; is usually found in the center of the cell. Pathogens – Microorganisms that cause diseases. Remember – What the immune system does after it has fought against a germ; it will recognize it the next time it enters the body. ...
The objectives of this course
... eating of particulate matter by a cell Pinocytosis: the "drinking" of extracellular fluid, containing macromolecules ...
... eating of particulate matter by a cell Pinocytosis: the "drinking" of extracellular fluid, containing macromolecules ...
Chronic Inflammation
... Derived from blood monocytes. Various levels of ‘activation’. Functions: ...
... Derived from blood monocytes. Various levels of ‘activation’. Functions: ...
Natural Killer (NK) cell “memory”
... cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, defined NK cell subsets (Ly49H+ in mice and NKG2C+ in humans) undergo antigen-driven expansion and persist over time, displaying high effector functions during secondary infection (1-3). Despite these observations, the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties ...
... cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, defined NK cell subsets (Ly49H+ in mice and NKG2C+ in humans) undergo antigen-driven expansion and persist over time, displaying high effector functions during secondary infection (1-3). Despite these observations, the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties ...
Specific Responses
... What is this anyway? • Non-Specific defense has failed to stop the infection • Against particular pathogens • Exhibit memory ...
... What is this anyway? • Non-Specific defense has failed to stop the infection • Against particular pathogens • Exhibit memory ...
Nature of The Immune System
... The granules are a source of mediators such as histamine (vasoactive amine that contracts smooth muscle) and heparin. Basophils and platelets are found in the circulation, mast cells are situated in the tissues of skin, lung and GI tract. Bind IgE, a type of antibody formed during allergic reactions ...
... The granules are a source of mediators such as histamine (vasoactive amine that contracts smooth muscle) and heparin. Basophils and platelets are found in the circulation, mast cells are situated in the tissues of skin, lung and GI tract. Bind IgE, a type of antibody formed during allergic reactions ...
(AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the
... against any pathogen. This defense includes barriers such as skin, the cilia in mucous membranes that sweep away airborne invaders, and tears, secretions, and saliva whose enzymes can destroy bacteria and other pathogens. When this first line of defense fails to prevent an invader from entering the ...
... against any pathogen. This defense includes barriers such as skin, the cilia in mucous membranes that sweep away airborne invaders, and tears, secretions, and saliva whose enzymes can destroy bacteria and other pathogens. When this first line of defense fails to prevent an invader from entering the ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.