The Avian Influenza
... birds, pigs, and other animals, as well as humans. The viral sequences generated from this NIAID project by TIGR are deposited in GenBank, and these data have been used to create the Influenza Virus Resource. • This resource enables scientists to compare influenza virus strains so that emergent vari ...
... birds, pigs, and other animals, as well as humans. The viral sequences generated from this NIAID project by TIGR are deposited in GenBank, and these data have been used to create the Influenza Virus Resource. • This resource enables scientists to compare influenza virus strains so that emergent vari ...
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... inoculation were used to try to protect people against the deadly disease. For centuries in China, the virus was inoculated into the nose, while in the Middle East there was the practice of variolation, in which the virus was inoculated into the skin. In 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, the wife of ...
... inoculation were used to try to protect people against the deadly disease. For centuries in China, the virus was inoculated into the nose, while in the Middle East there was the practice of variolation, in which the virus was inoculated into the skin. In 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, the wife of ...
Diseases of Feral Swine Brochure
... is widespread in pigs and occasionally develops into porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease (PCVAD). In many cases, PCV2 requires a coinfection with another pathogen to progress to PCVAD. ...
... is widespread in pigs and occasionally develops into porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease (PCVAD). In many cases, PCV2 requires a coinfection with another pathogen to progress to PCVAD. ...
abcd guidelines on
... reactivation is referred to as recrudescence. Conjunctivitis may be associated with corneal ulcers, which may develop into chronic sequestra. Stromal keratitis is a secondary immune-mediated reaction due to the presence of virus in the epithelium or the stroma. In some cases damage to the nasal turb ...
... reactivation is referred to as recrudescence. Conjunctivitis may be associated with corneal ulcers, which may develop into chronic sequestra. Stromal keratitis is a secondary immune-mediated reaction due to the presence of virus in the epithelium or the stroma. In some cases damage to the nasal turb ...
Eastern, western and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
... The Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex contains a number of viruses, which have been classified into 6 viral subtypes, I to VI, with subtype I further subdivided into five antigenic variants or serovars, AB to F. The currently recognized viral species in this complex are Venezuelan equine e ...
... The Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex contains a number of viruses, which have been classified into 6 viral subtypes, I to VI, with subtype I further subdivided into five antigenic variants or serovars, AB to F. The currently recognized viral species in this complex are Venezuelan equine e ...
No evidence for a role of modified live virus vaccines in the
... be a valuable feature to distinguish between FPV and CPV viruses. The unique MboI restriction pattern of the German CPV isolate (CPV-Quinn) in the Tratschin study could be explained by the sequence obtained, as this isolate is a CPV-2a virus, and these viruses have an MboI pattern identical to FPV i ...
... be a valuable feature to distinguish between FPV and CPV viruses. The unique MboI restriction pattern of the German CPV isolate (CPV-Quinn) in the Tratschin study could be explained by the sequence obtained, as this isolate is a CPV-2a virus, and these viruses have an MboI pattern identical to FPV i ...
Pandemic Influenza
... Avian influenza, or “bird flu,” is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds, and less commonly, pigs. Most strains pose no threat to human health. However, one particular strain (H5N1) is extremely infectious and fatal to chickens and ducks, and in some insta ...
... Avian influenza, or “bird flu,” is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds, and less commonly, pigs. Most strains pose no threat to human health. However, one particular strain (H5N1) is extremely infectious and fatal to chickens and ducks, and in some insta ...
Accelerated selection of a viral RNA polymerase variant
... DNA (dsDNA) viruses have point mutation rates orders of magnitude lower than RNA viruses (3). Poxviruses, for instance, are predicted to have relatively low point mutation rates due to 3'-5' proofreading activity of the viral DNA polymerase (3, 5, 6). While recent estimates suggest a higher point mu ...
... DNA (dsDNA) viruses have point mutation rates orders of magnitude lower than RNA viruses (3). Poxviruses, for instance, are predicted to have relatively low point mutation rates due to 3'-5' proofreading activity of the viral DNA polymerase (3, 5, 6). While recent estimates suggest a higher point mu ...
West Nile virus infection in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
... pathogen responses ranging from subclinical to severe neurological disease with encephalitis and death.7 West Nile virus is 1 of the most geographically widespread flaviviruses and is related to Japanese encephalitis virus, Kunjin virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. The virus was first detected ...
... pathogen responses ranging from subclinical to severe neurological disease with encephalitis and death.7 West Nile virus is 1 of the most geographically widespread flaviviruses and is related to Japanese encephalitis virus, Kunjin virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. The virus was first detected ...
hepatitis e
... has been little research performed to date to determine to what degree HEV infection accelerates or worsens liver damage in people with chronic hepatitis B or C. In a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Eduardo Bruno Martins of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil report ...
... has been little research performed to date to determine to what degree HEV infection accelerates or worsens liver damage in people with chronic hepatitis B or C. In a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Eduardo Bruno Martins of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil report ...
Measles and Vaccinations
... because expectant mothers no longer have lifetime immunity.” Factors such as these increased the death rate for adults and the very young, helping to reverse the decline in deaths seen in previous decades. And what about the measles vaccine? From the beginning, the measles vaccine has caused deaths. ...
... because expectant mothers no longer have lifetime immunity.” Factors such as these increased the death rate for adults and the very young, helping to reverse the decline in deaths seen in previous decades. And what about the measles vaccine? From the beginning, the measles vaccine has caused deaths. ...
Full Article (Word)-2121K(81)
... the spike-1 (S1) gene [hypervariable region-3 (HVR-3)] and to study the pathotypic features of these strains. METHODS: In this work, twenty flocks were sampled for IBV detection using RRT-PCR and isolation of IBV in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks during the period from 2010 to 2015. Partial seq ...
... the spike-1 (S1) gene [hypervariable region-3 (HVR-3)] and to study the pathotypic features of these strains. METHODS: In this work, twenty flocks were sampled for IBV detection using RRT-PCR and isolation of IBV in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks during the period from 2010 to 2015. Partial seq ...
Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Bovine
... Pizarro-Lucero et al., 2006). BVDV-2 infections have been associated with outbreaks of a severe acute infection that cause a haemorrhagic syndrome (Rebhun et al., 1989; Carman et al., 1998). However, subclinical infections are common with both genotypes. By molecular studies, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are f ...
... Pizarro-Lucero et al., 2006). BVDV-2 infections have been associated with outbreaks of a severe acute infection that cause a haemorrhagic syndrome (Rebhun et al., 1989; Carman et al., 1998). However, subclinical infections are common with both genotypes. By molecular studies, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are f ...
A Box of Paradoxes: The Fascinating World of Viruses
... ideas about how to combat them and how to protect ourselves from viral infections. Surprisingly, despite the huge expansion of virology as a science, we have developed very few antiviral drugs and not many antiviral vaccines. One big reason for the apparent paradox is the constant tug of war virus v ...
... ideas about how to combat them and how to protect ourselves from viral infections. Surprisingly, despite the huge expansion of virology as a science, we have developed very few antiviral drugs and not many antiviral vaccines. One big reason for the apparent paradox is the constant tug of war virus v ...
A protein with simultaneous capsid scaffolding and dsRNA
... also encapsidates the viral genome. In virus replication, the VP3 C terminus functions as an RdRp transcriptional activator23 and as a suppressor of the RNA silencing machinery25. The X-ray structure shows VP3 organization as a dimer in its central region18. Regions responsible for some of these var ...
... also encapsidates the viral genome. In virus replication, the VP3 C terminus functions as an RdRp transcriptional activator23 and as a suppressor of the RNA silencing machinery25. The X-ray structure shows VP3 organization as a dimer in its central region18. Regions responsible for some of these var ...
Viruses - AP Biology
... Recall that bacteria and other prokaryotes are cells much smaller and more simply organized than the cells of eukaryotes, such as plants and animals. Viruses are smaller and simpler still. Lacking the structures and metabolic machinery found in a cell, a virus is an infectious particle consisting of ...
... Recall that bacteria and other prokaryotes are cells much smaller and more simply organized than the cells of eukaryotes, such as plants and animals. Viruses are smaller and simpler still. Lacking the structures and metabolic machinery found in a cell, a virus is an infectious particle consisting of ...
Learning the Diversity and Evolutionary Pattern of the
... related serotypes of the Dengue virus referred to as DEN-1, DEN- 2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 [12] [8]. It is possible for one person to get Dengue fever multiple times as it could be caused by any one of these four serotypes of the virus [8] and each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross ...
... related serotypes of the Dengue virus referred to as DEN-1, DEN- 2, DEN-3, and DEN-4 [12] [8]. It is possible for one person to get Dengue fever multiple times as it could be caused by any one of these four serotypes of the virus [8] and each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross ...
A review of the biology of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV
... Infection of cattle by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) can lead to upper respiratory tract disorders, conjunctivitis, genital disorders and immune suppression. BHV-1-induced immune suppression initiates bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which costs the US cattle industry approximately 3 b ...
... Infection of cattle by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) can lead to upper respiratory tract disorders, conjunctivitis, genital disorders and immune suppression. BHV-1-induced immune suppression initiates bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which costs the US cattle industry approximately 3 b ...
Fatal canine adenovirus type 1 acute infection in a Yorkshire Terrier
... showed high similarity with CAdV-1 isolates from Europe. In the absence of serum, antibodies against CAdV-1 were investigated in lung tissue extracts. The presence of CAdV-1 infectious particles and absence of immune response was consistent with rapid progression of the infection and death of the an ...
... showed high similarity with CAdV-1 isolates from Europe. In the absence of serum, antibodies against CAdV-1 were investigated in lung tissue extracts. The presence of CAdV-1 infectious particles and absence of immune response was consistent with rapid progression of the infection and death of the an ...
Handbook of Pea Diseases - The Learning Store
... Ascochyta Diseases: Mycosphaerella Blight, Ascochyta Foot Rot, Ascochyta Leaf and Pod Spot Leaf and Pod Spot. This disease ...
... Ascochyta Diseases: Mycosphaerella Blight, Ascochyta Foot Rot, Ascochyta Leaf and Pod Spot Leaf and Pod Spot. This disease ...
Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens
... infected laboratory workers (although there is no evidence of any clinical illness to date). More recently, a new parvovirus, closely related to human parvovirus B19, has been recovered from cynomolgus monkeys suffering from anaemia. More familiar pathogens may also be carried by simians including m ...
... infected laboratory workers (although there is no evidence of any clinical illness to date). More recently, a new parvovirus, closely related to human parvovirus B19, has been recovered from cynomolgus monkeys suffering from anaemia. More familiar pathogens may also be carried by simians including m ...
Feline Herpesvirus-1: Ocular manifestations, diagnosis and
... inal ganglia.7 Although this is a clinically quiescent phase there is transcription of latencyassociated transcripts (LATs), which are RNA species that play an, as yet, incompletely understood role in maintaining latency and allowing recrudescent disease.8,9 The identification of LATs within a tissu ...
... inal ganglia.7 Although this is a clinically quiescent phase there is transcription of latencyassociated transcripts (LATs), which are RNA species that play an, as yet, incompletely understood role in maintaining latency and allowing recrudescent disease.8,9 The identification of LATs within a tissu ...
Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Infants and
... exposures (8–11). Additionally, blood transfusion (10) and organ or tissue transplantation pose theoretical risks for transmission. There is no reported evidence of transmission through breastfeeding, although Zika virus RNA has been found in breast milk (9). Although the exact incubation period of ...
... exposures (8–11). Additionally, blood transfusion (10) and organ or tissue transplantation pose theoretical risks for transmission. There is no reported evidence of transmission through breastfeeding, although Zika virus RNA has been found in breast milk (9). Although the exact incubation period of ...
Experimental Infection of Inbred Mice with Herpes Simplex Virus. V
... Cells and virus. HSV-I strains were routinely passaged at low multiplicity on African green monkey kidney cells (RC-37 Rita; Italdiagnostics, Rome, Italy) as described earlier (Schr6der et al., 1975/76). Cells were grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 7~ foetal calf serum. Plaq ...
... Cells and virus. HSV-I strains were routinely passaged at low multiplicity on African green monkey kidney cells (RC-37 Rita; Italdiagnostics, Rome, Italy) as described earlier (Schr6der et al., 1975/76). Cells were grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 7~ foetal calf serum. Plaq ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
... anatomic sites, are independently predictive of adverse clinical outcome60. Serial studies of viral load throughout illness also reflect clinical outcome61. Taken together, these findings suggest that poor clinical outcome is associated with continued uncontrolled viral replication. SARS-CoV RNA can ...
... anatomic sites, are independently predictive of adverse clinical outcome60. Serial studies of viral load throughout illness also reflect clinical outcome61. Taken together, these findings suggest that poor clinical outcome is associated with continued uncontrolled viral replication. SARS-CoV RNA can ...
Taura syndrome
Taura syndrome is one of the more devastating diseases affecting the shrimp farming industry worldwide.Taura syndrome (TS) was first described in Ecuador during the summer of 1992. In March 1993, it returned as a major epidemic and was the object of extensive media coverage. Retrospective studies have suggested a case of Taura syndrome might have occurred on a shrimp farm in Colombia as early as 1990 and the virus was already present in Ecuador in mid-1991. Between 1992 and 1997, the disease spread to all major regions of the Americas where whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is cultured. The economic impact of TS in the Americas during that period might have exceeded US$ 2 billion by some estimates.