The molecular pathogenesis of Semliki Forest virus: a model virus
... infection, but it was found subsequently that intranasal (i.n.) infection gives more consistent results, and is a more direct route of infection to the CNS. Intranasal infection also targets the olfactory bulb, allowing analysis of early events following CNS infection (Sheahan et al., 1996). It is a ...
... infection, but it was found subsequently that intranasal (i.n.) infection gives more consistent results, and is a more direct route of infection to the CNS. Intranasal infection also targets the olfactory bulb, allowing analysis of early events following CNS infection (Sheahan et al., 1996). It is a ...
An Electron Microscope Study of Polyoma Virus in Hamster Kidney*
... Such cells are often seen in groups around others at an advanced stage of degeneration suggesting that they have been recently infected by virus released from the heavily infected cells. Finally, there are many cells showing degenerative changes but containing no detectable virus particles. It is po ...
... Such cells are often seen in groups around others at an advanced stage of degeneration suggesting that they have been recently infected by virus released from the heavily infected cells. Finally, there are many cells showing degenerative changes but containing no detectable virus particles. It is po ...
KeystepsTM Modular Medicine Session 1 Module 5
... Transmission and Epidemiology Infection with FCoV is endemic within the feline population as it is a highly contagious virus. The prevalence of FCoV is thought to be approximately 40% in the general cat population but this can rise to over 80% in pedigree and multicat households. However the prevale ...
... Transmission and Epidemiology Infection with FCoV is endemic within the feline population as it is a highly contagious virus. The prevalence of FCoV is thought to be approximately 40% in the general cat population but this can rise to over 80% in pedigree and multicat households. However the prevale ...
Enisyl-F® and Viralys
... L-lysine supplements lessen the clinical signs of infection and reduce viral shedding Feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) is one of the most common causes of respiratory infections and eye problems in cats. In fact, up to 97% of cats have serological evidence of exposure to FHV-1.1 Following recovery ...
... L-lysine supplements lessen the clinical signs of infection and reduce viral shedding Feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) is one of the most common causes of respiratory infections and eye problems in cats. In fact, up to 97% of cats have serological evidence of exposure to FHV-1.1 Following recovery ...
Microbial Survival in the Environment: with Special Attention to
... – Oxygen has little direct effect on most viruses but may influence bacteria – But, oxygenation may be synergistic with higher temperature and sunlight to inactivate microbes – The “Open Air Factor” has been shown to have virucidal activity • Poorly characterized chemical agents in open air that red ...
... – Oxygen has little direct effect on most viruses but may influence bacteria – But, oxygenation may be synergistic with higher temperature and sunlight to inactivate microbes – The “Open Air Factor” has been shown to have virucidal activity • Poorly characterized chemical agents in open air that red ...
ionic strength can be anti-microbial Many microbes survive less in
... – Oxygen has little direct effect on most viruses but may influence bacteria – But, oxygenation may be synergistic with higher temperature and sunlight to inactivate microbes – The “Open Air Factor” has been shown to have virucidal activity • Poorly characterized chemical agents in open air that red ...
... – Oxygen has little direct effect on most viruses but may influence bacteria – But, oxygenation may be synergistic with higher temperature and sunlight to inactivate microbes – The “Open Air Factor” has been shown to have virucidal activity • Poorly characterized chemical agents in open air that red ...
Infectious Bursal Disease - Hy
... severe immunosuppressive illness, usually around 3 to 6 weeks of age. The incubation period is short and clinical signs appear within 2–3 days after exposure. There are two distinct clinical presentations of IBD infection. The classic IBD virus causes clinical illness with symptoms of depression, ru ...
... severe immunosuppressive illness, usually around 3 to 6 weeks of age. The incubation period is short and clinical signs appear within 2–3 days after exposure. There are two distinct clinical presentations of IBD infection. The classic IBD virus causes clinical illness with symptoms of depression, ru ...
Single amino acid substitution in the HIV
... Origins of AIDS viruses, from Sharp and Hahn, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2011 ...
... Origins of AIDS viruses, from Sharp and Hahn, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2011 ...
Transspecies Transmission of Gammaretroviruses and the Origin of
... retroviruses related to KoRV/GaLV were also identified in bats [14,15], which have the ability to fly long distances, this review will analyse the hypothesis of whether these bat viruses may be the origin of KoRV/GaLV. 2. The Gibbon Ape Leukaemia Virus (GaLV) GaLV is associated with hematopoietic ne ...
... retroviruses related to KoRV/GaLV were also identified in bats [14,15], which have the ability to fly long distances, this review will analyse the hypothesis of whether these bat viruses may be the origin of KoRV/GaLV. 2. The Gibbon Ape Leukaemia Virus (GaLV) GaLV is associated with hematopoietic ne ...
Path of Transmission
... the body. About one out of 10 children with measles also gets an ear infection, and up to one out of 20 gets pneumonia. For every 1,000 children who get measles, one or two will die, and many are disfigured. Strategy: RNA segmented (shift possible) only affects humans Path of Transmission: person-to ...
... the body. About one out of 10 children with measles also gets an ear infection, and up to one out of 20 gets pneumonia. For every 1,000 children who get measles, one or two will die, and many are disfigured. Strategy: RNA segmented (shift possible) only affects humans Path of Transmission: person-to ...
STRIVE Report No. 109 Norovirus in wastewater and shellfisheries Summary Findings -
... Norovirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the community and it is found in high concentrations in municipal wastewater. Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters are filterfeeders and can become contaminated with human pathogens including NoV when grown in areas impacted by municipal wast ...
... Norovirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the community and it is found in high concentrations in municipal wastewater. Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters are filterfeeders and can become contaminated with human pathogens including NoV when grown in areas impacted by municipal wast ...
Effects of the number of genome segments on primary and systemic
... Effects of the number of genome segments on primary and systemic infection for a multipartite plant RNA virus ...
... Effects of the number of genome segments on primary and systemic infection for a multipartite plant RNA virus ...
RT-PCR and Sequencing Protocols for the Molecular
... Production of phylogenetic tree using selected sequences ...
... Production of phylogenetic tree using selected sequences ...
Equine influenza: A review of an unpredictable virus
... The equine influenza strain surveillance programme is modelled on the surveillance program for human influenza, the mainstay of which is analysis of antigenic differences between strains using mono-specific ferret antisera in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. The HI assay is based on the abilit ...
... The equine influenza strain surveillance programme is modelled on the surveillance program for human influenza, the mainstay of which is analysis of antigenic differences between strains using mono-specific ferret antisera in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. The HI assay is based on the abilit ...
Use of RT-PCR for diagnosis of infectious salmon anaemia virus
... salar in 2 fish farms outside Bergen. The blood had been stored at -80°C before it was sonicated and stenle filtered (0.2 pm). The filtrate was diluted 1:l in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). Each fish received an intraperitoneal (i.p.)injection of 0.2 m1 of the virus solution and each control ...
... salar in 2 fish farms outside Bergen. The blood had been stored at -80°C before it was sonicated and stenle filtered (0.2 pm). The filtrate was diluted 1:l in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). Each fish received an intraperitoneal (i.p.)injection of 0.2 m1 of the virus solution and each control ...
甲型H1N1流感病毒科技文献专辑（二）
... S-OIV cases in the United States was 64; these cases occurred in California (10 cases), Kansas (two), New York (45), Ohio (one), and Texas (six). The viruses contain a unique combination of gene segments that had not been reported previously among swine or human influenza viruses in the United State ...
... S-OIV cases in the United States was 64; these cases occurred in California (10 cases), Kansas (two), New York (45), Ohio (one), and Texas (six). The viruses contain a unique combination of gene segments that had not been reported previously among swine or human influenza viruses in the United State ...
Foot-and-mouth disease virus epitope dominance in the antibody
... significant antigenic variability. Currently, immunization with conventional inactivated whole-virus vaccine is the main method of FMD control, but strain composition of vaccines must be selected with care. The humoral immune response has been generally accepted as the most important factor in confe ...
... significant antigenic variability. Currently, immunization with conventional inactivated whole-virus vaccine is the main method of FMD control, but strain composition of vaccines must be selected with care. The humoral immune response has been generally accepted as the most important factor in confe ...
Isolation and characterization of Tula virus, a distinct serotype in the
... evidently, they might also have been infected with some other, then unknown, American hantavirus. M . arvalis is a dominant rodent species on large open agricultural fields in Western, Central and Eastern Europe and densities can reach hundreds per hectare (Niethammer & Krapp, 1982). However, even i ...
... evidently, they might also have been infected with some other, then unknown, American hantavirus. M . arvalis is a dominant rodent species on large open agricultural fields in Western, Central and Eastern Europe and densities can reach hundreds per hectare (Niethammer & Krapp, 1982). However, even i ...
Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia
... the Paleoarctic\Ethiopian and Oriental\Australian strains was also reflected in the encoded amino acid sequence alignments (Fig. 1). There were 37 different amino acid substitutions, of which 17 were conservative and 20 were non-conservative changes. The amino acid sequence divergence between the tw ...
... the Paleoarctic\Ethiopian and Oriental\Australian strains was also reflected in the encoded amino acid sequence alignments (Fig. 1). There were 37 different amino acid substitutions, of which 17 were conservative and 20 were non-conservative changes. The amino acid sequence divergence between the tw ...
Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia
... the Paleoarctic\Ethiopian and Oriental\Australian strains was also reflected in the encoded amino acid sequence alignments (Fig. 1). There were 37 different amino acid substitutions, of which 17 were conservative and 20 were non-conservative changes. The amino acid sequence divergence between the tw ...
... the Paleoarctic\Ethiopian and Oriental\Australian strains was also reflected in the encoded amino acid sequence alignments (Fig. 1). There were 37 different amino acid substitutions, of which 17 were conservative and 20 were non-conservative changes. The amino acid sequence divergence between the tw ...
INTENDED USE SUMMARY PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST Principle of
... biologic properties.10 In recent times, the subdivision of HSV into specific types has become possible. The occurrence of HSV-2 antibodies can vary from 3 percent to 70 percent depending on the population.11 The major period of infection with HSV-2 is during the ages of 14-29 and HSV-2 infection is ...
... biologic properties.10 In recent times, the subdivision of HSV into specific types has become possible. The occurrence of HSV-2 antibodies can vary from 3 percent to 70 percent depending on the population.11 The major period of infection with HSV-2 is during the ages of 14-29 and HSV-2 infection is ...
Infectious causes of embryonic and fetal mortality
... Neospora caninum is a protozoa that can cause abortion early in the second trimester [15]. Infected cows can abort repeatedly. The definitive host for the organism is the dog that ingests tissue cysts. The cow then ingests sporulated oocysts in feed, water or soil contaminated with the dog feces. Ta ...
... Neospora caninum is a protozoa that can cause abortion early in the second trimester [15]. Infected cows can abort repeatedly. The definitive host for the organism is the dog that ingests tissue cysts. The cow then ingests sporulated oocysts in feed, water or soil contaminated with the dog feces. Ta ...
An Avian Connection as a Catalyst to the 1918
... species to another to eventually infect humans. Supporting Shope’s hypothesis of trans-species infection an incident occurred in an unrelated study in 1928, of canine distemper, with ferrets being used as the study animals, at the United Kingdom’s Medical Research Council’s laboratory. Unexpectedly, ...
... species to another to eventually infect humans. Supporting Shope’s hypothesis of trans-species infection an incident occurred in an unrelated study in 1928, of canine distemper, with ferrets being used as the study animals, at the United Kingdom’s Medical Research Council’s laboratory. Unexpectedly, ...
RNA Viruses Dr. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In
... • Many viruses are surrounded by lipid or lipoprotein envelope, which may be covered by glycoprotein spike which attach to host cell receptor during the entry of the virus into the cell Dr. Dalia M. Mohsen ...
... • Many viruses are surrounded by lipid or lipoprotein envelope, which may be covered by glycoprotein spike which attach to host cell receptor during the entry of the virus into the cell Dr. Dalia M. Mohsen ...
The effect of duplication of the variable region stem
... population and habitat reduction: evolving to prefer humans over animals as their natural host1. Incidentally, outbreaks of dengue are becoming more and more common with over 2.3 million cases of dengue being reported last year in the Americas alone2. Symptoms of dengue can vary from high fever to s ...
... population and habitat reduction: evolving to prefer humans over animals as their natural host1. Incidentally, outbreaks of dengue are becoming more and more common with over 2.3 million cases of dengue being reported last year in the Americas alone2. Symptoms of dengue can vary from high fever to s ...
Taura syndrome
Taura syndrome is one of the more devastating diseases affecting the shrimp farming industry worldwide.Taura syndrome (TS) was first described in Ecuador during the summer of 1992. In March 1993, it returned as a major epidemic and was the object of extensive media coverage. Retrospective studies have suggested a case of Taura syndrome might have occurred on a shrimp farm in Colombia as early as 1990 and the virus was already present in Ecuador in mid-1991. Between 1992 and 1997, the disease spread to all major regions of the Americas where whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is cultured. The economic impact of TS in the Americas during that period might have exceeded US$ 2 billion by some estimates.