Immunology Cells and organs of the Immune System
... Class II MHC proteins, helper T cells (TH inflammatory T cells) and activated macrophages Particularly useful in eradicating pathogenic bacteria Activated macrophages can kill intracellular pathogens that would normally divide in a non-activated macrophage Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberc ...
... Class II MHC proteins, helper T cells (TH inflammatory T cells) and activated macrophages Particularly useful in eradicating pathogenic bacteria Activated macrophages can kill intracellular pathogens that would normally divide in a non-activated macrophage Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberc ...
Three Lines of Defense Powerpoint
... • B cells produce antibodies that destroy pathogens. • 1. Pathogens binds to antibody of inactive B cells. • 2. T cell binds to antigen and activates B cells. • 3. B cells divide and differentiates into memory B cells and activated B cells. • 4. Activated B cells produce antibodies that causes patho ...
... • B cells produce antibodies that destroy pathogens. • 1. Pathogens binds to antibody of inactive B cells. • 2. T cell binds to antigen and activates B cells. • 3. B cells divide and differentiates into memory B cells and activated B cells. • 4. Activated B cells produce antibodies that causes patho ...
B cells
... - migrate to the FDC-rich region of the Germinal Center - survival is dependent on interaction with FDC-bound Ag and presentation of Ag to Tfh cells - centrocytes that successfully compete to bind antigen (e.g. by having higher affinity BCR) and to receive Tfh cell help are selected and may differen ...
... - migrate to the FDC-rich region of the Germinal Center - survival is dependent on interaction with FDC-bound Ag and presentation of Ag to Tfh cells - centrocytes that successfully compete to bind antigen (e.g. by having higher affinity BCR) and to receive Tfh cell help are selected and may differen ...
The immunological principles underlying vaccine
... patterns—PAMPs) using germ line-encoded host molecules (designated as pattern-recognition receptors— PRRs). PAMPs are invariant molecular constituents of infectious microorganisms that are shared by a variety of pathogens, but not usually found in the host. Bacterial PAMPs include peptidoglycan and ...
... patterns—PAMPs) using germ line-encoded host molecules (designated as pattern-recognition receptors— PRRs). PAMPs are invariant molecular constituents of infectious microorganisms that are shared by a variety of pathogens, but not usually found in the host. Bacterial PAMPs include peptidoglycan and ...
Infections: Evading Immune Systems
... Animal (vertebrate) stages of most parasites are resistant to innate immunity. ...
... Animal (vertebrate) stages of most parasites are resistant to innate immunity. ...
Nonspecific Defenses
... What we will learn today . . . 1. Infectious diseases are spread by pathogens, whether a virus or bacteria 2. Communicable diseases are contagious and can spread rapidly from a single source 3. Nonspecific immune defenses are the body’s first way to fight off general pathogens; these defenses includ ...
... What we will learn today . . . 1. Infectious diseases are spread by pathogens, whether a virus or bacteria 2. Communicable diseases are contagious and can spread rapidly from a single source 3. Nonspecific immune defenses are the body’s first way to fight off general pathogens; these defenses includ ...
葉才明
... • Most vaccines are still given by injection. • Vaccine efficacy needs to be reviewed from time to time. • Vaccine safety is an overriding consideration. • Vaccines in general use have variable success rates. • Passive immunization can be life-saving. • Non-specific immunotherapy can boost immune ac ...
... • Most vaccines are still given by injection. • Vaccine efficacy needs to be reviewed from time to time. • Vaccine safety is an overriding consideration. • Vaccines in general use have variable success rates. • Passive immunization can be life-saving. • Non-specific immunotherapy can boost immune ac ...
Blood
... Once synthesized and released from the cell, erythropoietin travels in the bloodstream to the bone marrow, where it binds to receptors on erythroid cells, thereby initiating their proliferation and differentiation. ...
... Once synthesized and released from the cell, erythropoietin travels in the bloodstream to the bone marrow, where it binds to receptors on erythroid cells, thereby initiating their proliferation and differentiation. ...
RNA INTERFERENCE
... genes coding for four transcription factors (Oct-3/4, SOX2, c-Myc, and Klf4). 2007: iPS cells could give rise to all cell types and grown into baby mice when injected into a mouse blastocyst 2008: Skin cells from 80 year old ALS patient converted to iPS cells ...
... genes coding for four transcription factors (Oct-3/4, SOX2, c-Myc, and Klf4). 2007: iPS cells could give rise to all cell types and grown into baby mice when injected into a mouse blastocyst 2008: Skin cells from 80 year old ALS patient converted to iPS cells ...
Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system
... physiologically down-regulated immunophenotype.27-29 Such loss of the HLA region has been suggested to be a prerequisite of lymphomas of immunoprivileged organs contributing to escape from the immune response.27-29 In this regard, the observation of a patient with PCNSL and testicular relapse 8 year ...
... physiologically down-regulated immunophenotype.27-29 Such loss of the HLA region has been suggested to be a prerequisite of lymphomas of immunoprivileged organs contributing to escape from the immune response.27-29 In this regard, the observation of a patient with PCNSL and testicular relapse 8 year ...
- ISpatula
... almost all forms of injury to cells. Difficult to appreciate with the light microscope, appears as small clear vacuoles within the cytoplasm. (Hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration). 2.Fatty change is manifested by the appearance of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm. These changes are seen in cells ...
... almost all forms of injury to cells. Difficult to appreciate with the light microscope, appears as small clear vacuoles within the cytoplasm. (Hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration). 2.Fatty change is manifested by the appearance of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm. These changes are seen in cells ...
Immunology and Cancer
... Should the Biology of Cancer course be retained as an undergraduate major course in Biology? This question is set to anonymous. I will not know what choice you selected and this is not graded. Biology of Cancer is not a usual course for a Biology Department. We have had this course going for 35 yea ...
... Should the Biology of Cancer course be retained as an undergraduate major course in Biology? This question is set to anonymous. I will not know what choice you selected and this is not graded. Biology of Cancer is not a usual course for a Biology Department. We have had this course going for 35 yea ...
HST.035 Homework Assignment #2
... Direct endothelial injury results in a rapid and short-lived increase in vascular permeability (so-called immediate transient response) Patients with NADPH oxidase deficiency are highly susceptible to viral infections ...
... Direct endothelial injury results in a rapid and short-lived increase in vascular permeability (so-called immediate transient response) Patients with NADPH oxidase deficiency are highly susceptible to viral infections ...
PNI_Fabi_Tatone_Dec2006
... The two pathways connecting these systems are primarily the autonomic nervous system and the HPA axis, and these communicate via chemical messengers from nerve cells, endocrine organs, and immune cells. Although most research has focused on how the sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis affect the ...
... The two pathways connecting these systems are primarily the autonomic nervous system and the HPA axis, and these communicate via chemical messengers from nerve cells, endocrine organs, and immune cells. Although most research has focused on how the sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis affect the ...
Immune responses to bacteria
... survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial ...
... survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial ...
Immune Responses to Bacteria
... survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial ...
... survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial ...
03990.001.07.04 (16-5947-03FNL) CTLA4 Fact Sheet
... Haploinsufficiency—Indicates that having a single working copy of a gene is not sufficient to produce enough protein to be free from the gene-associated disease. Hemolytic anemia—A condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. ...
... Haploinsufficiency—Indicates that having a single working copy of a gene is not sufficient to produce enough protein to be free from the gene-associated disease. Hemolytic anemia—A condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. ...
Virus-Cell Interactions
... Modulation of MHC expression Viral proteins that serve as Ion Channels ...
... Modulation of MHC expression Viral proteins that serve as Ion Channels ...
"Evolution of the Human Immune System".
... Human immune system includes innate and adaptive defence mechanisms connected into a complex multilayered network by cytokines and hormones (Figure 1). While some mechanisms are universal, others are restricted to specialized immune cells. The division of defence mechanisms into innate and adaptive ...
... Human immune system includes innate and adaptive defence mechanisms connected into a complex multilayered network by cytokines and hormones (Figure 1). While some mechanisms are universal, others are restricted to specialized immune cells. The division of defence mechanisms into innate and adaptive ...
The Immune System - in More Detail
... of them, a human being is like a walking smorgasbord, offering nearly limitless resources that they can use for energy and reproduction. Luckily for us, getting into the human body is not an easy task! From the point of view of these tiny organisms, a human is a bit like a fortress. The skin is thic ...
... of them, a human being is like a walking smorgasbord, offering nearly limitless resources that they can use for energy and reproduction. Luckily for us, getting into the human body is not an easy task! From the point of view of these tiny organisms, a human is a bit like a fortress. The skin is thic ...