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... human lung epithelial cells: correlation with suppression of COX2, MMP-9 and cyclin D1. Carginogenisis (2003) 24(7): 1269-1279 ...
THE EFFECT OF INTRAUTERINE AND OBSTETRIC FACTORS ON
THE EFFECT OF INTRAUTERINE AND OBSTETRIC FACTORS ON

... immune responses can be hypothesized especially among children born by CS. Moreover, it has been postulated that CS, gynaecological and respiratory infections in pregnancy, low birth weight as well as prenatal exposure to smoking, may have a profound effect on infants’ immune system and increase the ...
Macrophage programming and host responses to bacterial infection Xiao Wang  王潇
Macrophage programming and host responses to bacterial infection Xiao Wang 王潇

... utvecklingen av nya läkemedel mot tuberkulos. ...
Aalborg Universitet Aquaporin-9-expressing neutrophils are required for the establishment of contact hypersensitivity
Aalborg Universitet Aquaporin-9-expressing neutrophils are required for the establishment of contact hypersensitivity

... (Supplementary Fig. S1A). Histology of the challenged skin showed less lymphocyte infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia in AQP9−/− than WT skin (Fig. 2A, right). Consistent with these results, reduced numbers of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Fig. 2B) and neutrophils (Fig. 2C; Supplementary Fi ...
Inflammation
Inflammation

... cells and tissues are digested and removed to allow repair to take place. The response to many damaging agents is immediate and stereotypic. The character of the inflammatory response is “modulated” depending upon several factors, including the nature of the offending agent, duration of the insult, ...
Imd Signaling Pathway Drosophila The
Imd Signaling Pathway Drosophila The

... ulticellular organisms constantly encounter potentially harmful microorganisms. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system in the classical sense, it has long been recognized that they too possess powerful means of fighting infections, such as the ability to phagocytose bacteria and encapsulate ...
Explaining Therapies – Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
Explaining Therapies – Annemieke Aartsma-Rus

... Long ...
Leukocyte IGF-1 Receptor Expression during Muscle Recovery
Leukocyte IGF-1 Receptor Expression during Muscle Recovery

... cells (PBMC). Remaining blood was centrifuged at 3000g for 15 min. Resulting plasma was aliquot into separate 1.6-mL microcentrifuge tubes and frozen at j80-C for subsequent analysis. Biochemical analysis. Plasma IGF-1 was assayed by commercially available QuantikineÒ enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...
The role of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in
The role of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in

... The role of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in HIV prevention and the influence of the HIV-1 Vpu protein Marit Kramski, Ivan Stratov and Stephen J. Kent There is growing interest in the role of anti-HIV antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies in the preventio ...
African trypanosomiasis vaccine II 15-9-2012
African trypanosomiasis vaccine II 15-9-2012

... antibody responses declined. IgG antibodies declined more rapidly. After the third parasitemia, only low levels of IgM anti-VSG antibodies were detectable. Schleifer and Mansfield [94] infected mice with T. b. rhodesiense and prepared spleen cell cultures from these mice. They measured the prolifer ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... receptors, are structurally related to membrane antibodies, but are never produced in a secreted form. • A single T or B lymphocyte bears about 100,000 receptors for antigen, all with exactly the same specificity. ...
The Most Cunning Parasite From an Immunological Perspective
The Most Cunning Parasite From an Immunological Perspective

... how the human immune system reacts to parasites that it does recognize (eventually). The main function of the immune system is to make sure that any foreign object in the body is destroyed. Most of the symptoms arising from parasite infection are due to the interactions between the immune system and ...
Permission is granted by the author for anyone to copy and
Permission is granted by the author for anyone to copy and

... histamine from gut mast cells might bind to sensory nerves and produce an afferent signal that the CNS could route to another site—a response known as neurogenic switching. Sick building syndrome and multiple chemical sensitivity are other maladies that might be explained by neurogenic switching shu ...
Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Scale Their Pro
Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Scale Their Pro

... postpartum uterine diseases caused by uterine bacterial infections after parturition (Sheldon et al., 2009). During the postpartum period, up to 50% of all dairy cows develop uterine inflammatory diseases, such as metritis, and clinical or subclinical endometritis (Sheldon et al., 2009). The inciden ...
Augmenting the First Line of Defense in Gastrointentinal
Augmenting the First Line of Defense in Gastrointentinal

Are Expanded at Tumor Sites Regulatory T Cells That + Foxp3 high
Are Expanded at Tumor Sites Regulatory T Cells That + Foxp3 high

... Human natural regulatory CD4+ T cells comprise 5–10% of peripheral CD4+T cells. They constitutively express the IL-2Ra2 chain (CD25) and the nuclear transcription Foxp3. These cells are heterogeneous and contain discrete subsets with distinct phenotypes and functions. Studies in mice report that LAG ...
Is there a scientific question to answer?
Is there a scientific question to answer?

... Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety 6 - 7 June 2006 ...
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System

... Immunization is the process of increasing an individual’s resistance to a particular infection by artificial means. An antigen is a substance that is injected to stimulate production of antibodies. Examples of antigens are toxins produced by bacteria, dead or weakened bacteria, viruses and foreign p ...


... cycle phase with the strongest expression in the epithelium and the stroma in mid-secretory cycle phase at the time of implantation. The menstrual cycle-dependent expression of IL-6 suggests that this cytokine may play a role in changes in endometrium that prepare this tissue for implantation and me ...
LFA-1 is required for retention of effector CD8 T cells in mouse lungs
LFA-1 is required for retention of effector CD8 T cells in mouse lungs

EpiCor® and its Immune Effects on Gut Health SCIENCE REPORT
EpiCor® and its Immune Effects on Gut Health SCIENCE REPORT

... in particular butyrate. Apart from butyrate’s association with energy, it is thought to interact directly with parts of the immune and digestive systems. Research has shown butyrate’s beneficial effects on the structure of the gut wall and on its ability to alter cytokine profiles in such a way tha ...
getting the message - Arcturus Therapeutics
getting the message - Arcturus Therapeutics

... different tools than measuring the subsequent immune response, which is more indicative of efficacy. Even if the trials suggest enough protein is being made to train the immune system, Sanofi’s Nabel said therapeutic uses will likely need higher expression levels than vaccines to achieve the desired ...
T cell coinhibition in prostate cancer: new immune evasion pathways and
T cell coinhibition in prostate cancer: new immune evasion pathways and

... cells (Tregs) [27], also contributes to immune escape. Another immunosuppressive process targets T cell activation and function directly. A prerequisite for an effective T cell response, T cell activation requires two signals: binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) by a cognate peptide presented on th ...
Role of NKT cells in the digestive system. IV. The role of canonical
Role of NKT cells in the digestive system. IV. The role of canonical

... molecule recognized. Thereby, four populations of NKT cells can be distinguished (see Table 1). The first two NKT cell populations have a canonical TCR and are specific for a nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule. “Canonical” and “invariant” have been used synon ...
Stress effects on immunity and its application to clinical immunology
Stress effects on immunity and its application to clinical immunology

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Immunomics

Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is regulated. Two thirds of the genome is active in one or more immune cell types and less than 1% of genes are uniquely expressed in a given type of cell. Therefore, it is critical that the expression patterns of these immune cell types be deciphered in the context of a network, and not as an individual, so that their roles be correctly characterized and related to one another. Defects of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and malignancies can benefit from genomic insights on pathological processes. For example, analyzing the systematic variation of gene expression can relate these patterns with specific diseases and gene networks important for immune functions.Traditionally, scientists studying the immune system have had to search for antigens on an individual basis and identify the protein sequence of these antigens (“epitopes”) that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure required that antigens be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments, and tested against T- and B-cells to observe T- and B- cell responses. These classical approaches could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and labor.Immunomics has made this approach easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It has revealed that some of the immune system’s most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells. In addition, current genomic technologies, like microarrays, can capture immune system gene expression over time and can trace interactions of microorganisms with cells of the innate immune system. New, proteomic approaches, including T-cell and B-cells-epitope mapping, can also accelerate the pace at which scientists discover antibody-antigen relationships.
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