Endogenous MMTV Proviruses Induce Susceptibility to Both Viral
... receptors (TCRs) to initiate a helper T-cell response [11]. Unlike conventional antigens, these APC interactions allow activation of 5% to 35% of naı̈ve CD4þ T cells, which then release cytokines to induce rapid proliferation of bystander cells that are susceptible to MMTV infection [13]. Dividing l ...
... receptors (TCRs) to initiate a helper T-cell response [11]. Unlike conventional antigens, these APC interactions allow activation of 5% to 35% of naı̈ve CD4þ T cells, which then release cytokines to induce rapid proliferation of bystander cells that are susceptible to MMTV infection [13]. Dividing l ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala nuclei with cortical and striatal regions involved in motivation; interconnection ...
... the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala nuclei with cortical and striatal regions involved in motivation; interconnection ...
Spatial and temporal regulation of cytokine expression in Type 2
... downstream effector functions of the Type 2 immune response. To study the mechanisms that control expression of these two cytokines I have used a novel dual cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 transgenic reporter mouse. Utilising this tool along with other IL-4 reporter mice I have discovered that the amount of ...
... downstream effector functions of the Type 2 immune response. To study the mechanisms that control expression of these two cytokines I have used a novel dual cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 transgenic reporter mouse. Utilising this tool along with other IL-4 reporter mice I have discovered that the amount of ...
essay
... lack of oestrogen causes activation of T-lymphocytes which then release a variety of cytokines including RANKL and TNF-α. These have a strong stimulatory effect on osteoclast recruitment, maturation and prolonged survival, whilst decreasing their apoptosis. This is thought to significantly increase ...
... lack of oestrogen causes activation of T-lymphocytes which then release a variety of cytokines including RANKL and TNF-α. These have a strong stimulatory effect on osteoclast recruitment, maturation and prolonged survival, whilst decreasing their apoptosis. This is thought to significantly increase ...
Gene expression analysis of TIL rich HPV
... genes expressed to a greater extent in HPV(+) tumors (Figure 3B and Supplementary Tables S2 and S4). However, it was not clear whether these B- and T-cell immune-related terms identified by GO and pathway analysis were simply the result of numerical differences in lymphocytes between HPV(+) and HPV( ...
... genes expressed to a greater extent in HPV(+) tumors (Figure 3B and Supplementary Tables S2 and S4). However, it was not clear whether these B- and T-cell immune-related terms identified by GO and pathway analysis were simply the result of numerical differences in lymphocytes between HPV(+) and HPV( ...
Roles of microglia in brain development, tissue maintenance and
... It has been suggested that soluble factors may be involved during developmental microglia–neuron crosstalk. Pharmacological inhibition of microglia activation using minocycline reduces overall neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, whereas neural precursors are sensitive to combinations of the cytokin ...
... It has been suggested that soluble factors may be involved during developmental microglia–neuron crosstalk. Pharmacological inhibition of microglia activation using minocycline reduces overall neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, whereas neural precursors are sensitive to combinations of the cytokin ...
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer
... Subsequent trials have demonstrated efficacy of BCG immunotherapy in reducing recurrence and progression of bladder cancer ...
... Subsequent trials have demonstrated efficacy of BCG immunotherapy in reducing recurrence and progression of bladder cancer ...
VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS REPLICON
... Figure 2-1 VRP induce mucosal immune responses...........................................................113 Figure 2-2 VRP adjuvant activity for particulate antigens………………………………..114 Figure 2-3 Systemic and mucosal adjuvant activity of UV-treated VRP.………………...115 Figure 2-4 Systemic and mucosal adj ...
... Figure 2-1 VRP induce mucosal immune responses...........................................................113 Figure 2-2 VRP adjuvant activity for particulate antigens………………………………..114 Figure 2-3 Systemic and mucosal adjuvant activity of UV-treated VRP.………………...115 Figure 2-4 Systemic and mucosal adj ...
35 Kortylewski Nat Biotechnol 2009
... the tumor microenvironment also produce growth factors and angiogenic/metastatic factors critical for tumor progression12. The orchestration of these processes in the tumor microenvironment appears to be highly dependent on the oncogenic transcription factor Stat3 (refs. 13–17). In particular, we ...
... the tumor microenvironment also produce growth factors and angiogenic/metastatic factors critical for tumor progression12. The orchestration of these processes in the tumor microenvironment appears to be highly dependent on the oncogenic transcription factor Stat3 (refs. 13–17). In particular, we ...
2 m – 32. Autonomous part of the peripheral nervous system
... 4. Tasks for independent work during preparation for classes. 4.1. The list of key terms, parameters, characteristics which the student is to assimilate while preparing for classes Sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system (PARS SYMPATHICA- is part of the sympathetic adaptation to changes in ...
... 4. Tasks for independent work during preparation for classes. 4.1. The list of key terms, parameters, characteristics which the student is to assimilate while preparing for classes Sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system (PARS SYMPATHICA- is part of the sympathetic adaptation to changes in ...
Immunomodulatory effects of tick saliva
... ectoparasites are of great importance in medicine and veterinary medicine. All the biological success achieved by ticks is due to the action of bioactive components present in their saliva, which are synthesized by the salivary glands. These components have great diversity of functions such as enabl ...
... ectoparasites are of great importance in medicine and veterinary medicine. All the biological success achieved by ticks is due to the action of bioactive components present in their saliva, which are synthesized by the salivary glands. These components have great diversity of functions such as enabl ...
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Metabolic control of puberty
... that leptin acts (mainly) indirectly in the control of the GnRH system. Yet, there has been a conspicuous lack of functional data for such an indirect mode of action until very recently. In the last months, however, Quennell et al. (2009) have presented conclusive experimental evidence to demonstrat ...
... that leptin acts (mainly) indirectly in the control of the GnRH system. Yet, there has been a conspicuous lack of functional data for such an indirect mode of action until very recently. In the last months, however, Quennell et al. (2009) have presented conclusive experimental evidence to demonstrat ...
In immunology, an adjuvant is an agent that may stimulate the
... major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and presented to a T-cell receptor. "Self" antigens are usually tolerated by the immune system; whereas "Nonself" antigens are identified as intruders and attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune disorders arise from the immune system reacting to its own antig ...
... major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and presented to a T-cell receptor. "Self" antigens are usually tolerated by the immune system; whereas "Nonself" antigens are identified as intruders and attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune disorders arise from the immune system reacting to its own antig ...
prolongation of allograft survival in ccr7
... allografted mice but significantly higher compared with CCR7⫺/⫺ mice (Fig. 2). In contrast, the number of lymphocytes in the spleen of recipients of syngeneic grafts showed no significant differences in CCR7⫺/⫺ and WT 129Sv mice. As shown previously (3), the number of CD4⫹ and CD8⫹ cells in the sple ...
... allografted mice but significantly higher compared with CCR7⫺/⫺ mice (Fig. 2). In contrast, the number of lymphocytes in the spleen of recipients of syngeneic grafts showed no significant differences in CCR7⫺/⫺ and WT 129Sv mice. As shown previously (3), the number of CD4⫹ and CD8⫹ cells in the sple ...
cPu - Padis
... mainly because it is below the threshold of pain perception. This condition makes possible that the inflammatory state may continue for years, causing a persistent insult to the brain and producing neurotoxic factors that impair the pathological state, ultimately showing clinical manifestations. The ...
... mainly because it is below the threshold of pain perception. This condition makes possible that the inflammatory state may continue for years, causing a persistent insult to the brain and producing neurotoxic factors that impair the pathological state, ultimately showing clinical manifestations. The ...
Document
... Components of a synapse. Diagram shows synaptic knob or axon terminal of presynaptic neuron, the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron, and a synaptic cleft. On the arrival of an action potential at a synaptic knob, neurotransmitter molecules are released from vesicles in the knob into the synap ...
... Components of a synapse. Diagram shows synaptic knob or axon terminal of presynaptic neuron, the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron, and a synaptic cleft. On the arrival of an action potential at a synaptic knob, neurotransmitter molecules are released from vesicles in the knob into the synap ...
The Origins, Specificity, and Potential Biological
... characterized anti-immunoglobulin autoantibodies are those directed against the Fc region of IgG, known as rheumatoid factor, or those directed against the variable regions, known as anti-idiotype autoantibodies. Over the years, another class of anti-immunoglobulin autoantibody has been described: t ...
... characterized anti-immunoglobulin autoantibodies are those directed against the Fc region of IgG, known as rheumatoid factor, or those directed against the variable regions, known as anti-idiotype autoantibodies. Over the years, another class of anti-immunoglobulin autoantibody has been described: t ...
Slide 1
... 3- Chemicals that have been linked to development of NHL include a variety of pesticides and herbicides 4- chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are at increased risk of developing NHL. 5- Viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NHL, including the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkett lymphoma 6 ...
... 3- Chemicals that have been linked to development of NHL include a variety of pesticides and herbicides 4- chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are at increased risk of developing NHL. 5- Viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NHL, including the Epstein-Barr virus in Burkett lymphoma 6 ...
Microbe-induced apoptosis in phagocytic cells and its role in innate immunity Robert Blomgran
... the presence of bacterial products at the foci of infection regulate the function and life span of these cells. Modulation of neutrophil apoptosis and the subsequent clearance by scavenger cells, such as macrophages, is part of a balanced inflammatory process leading to resolution of inflammation. M ...
... the presence of bacterial products at the foci of infection regulate the function and life span of these cells. Modulation of neutrophil apoptosis and the subsequent clearance by scavenger cells, such as macrophages, is part of a balanced inflammatory process leading to resolution of inflammation. M ...
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health. PNI studies, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in health and disease; disorders of the neuroimmune system (autoimmune diseases; hypersensitivities; immune deficiency); and the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.