Fig 5 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
... generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells.6,8,10-12 Treg cells have multiple effects in controlling allergen-specific immune and IgE-mediated allergic inflammation.13 These cells can induce dendritic cells that support further Treg cell generation and suppress effector T-cell differentiation14; they a ...
... generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells.6,8,10-12 Treg cells have multiple effects in controlling allergen-specific immune and IgE-mediated allergic inflammation.13 These cells can induce dendritic cells that support further Treg cell generation and suppress effector T-cell differentiation14; they a ...
Differential Effects of Polyamine Homologues on
... homologue 1,5-diaminopentane overcame the effect of DFMO on tumor cell growth. These findings suggest that supplementation with selected polyamine homologues may sustain normal immune response in DFMOtreated individuals while effectively suppressing malignant cell growth. The potential clinical rele ...
... homologue 1,5-diaminopentane overcame the effect of DFMO on tumor cell growth. These findings suggest that supplementation with selected polyamine homologues may sustain normal immune response in DFMOtreated individuals while effectively suppressing malignant cell growth. The potential clinical rele ...
Metabolic checkpoints in activated T cells
... potential consequences in terms of ‘metabolic checkpoints’, which we define as molecular mechanisms that sense metabolic status and, in turn, regulate cellular functions. Understanding of such checkpoints holds the promise of novel manipulation of immune responses and therapeutic intervention under ...
... potential consequences in terms of ‘metabolic checkpoints’, which we define as molecular mechanisms that sense metabolic status and, in turn, regulate cellular functions. Understanding of such checkpoints holds the promise of novel manipulation of immune responses and therapeutic intervention under ...
Ablation of Proliferating Cells in the CNS
... Moreover, microglia expressing mutant SOD1 have increased cytotoxic potential when compared to wild-type microglia [7,11]. If it is correct that microglia participate in the degenerative process in ALS, why did microglia elimination by Ara-C treatment was associated with a decrease in the survival o ...
... Moreover, microglia expressing mutant SOD1 have increased cytotoxic potential when compared to wild-type microglia [7,11]. If it is correct that microglia participate in the degenerative process in ALS, why did microglia elimination by Ara-C treatment was associated with a decrease in the survival o ...
Rapid early innate control of hepatitis C virus during IFN
... they are well placed to impinge on HCV. The signaling required to activate NK cells is a balance between activating receptors (e.g. NKG2D, NKp30, and NKp46) and inhibitory receptors (e.g., killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIRs), NKG2A). The rapid pathogen-induced response of NK cells inclu ...
... they are well placed to impinge on HCV. The signaling required to activate NK cells is a balance between activating receptors (e.g. NKG2D, NKp30, and NKp46) and inhibitory receptors (e.g., killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIRs), NKG2A). The rapid pathogen-induced response of NK cells inclu ...
Effect of whole wheat feeding on selected immune parameters in
... as well as the digestive system, where it is called gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) (Lasek 2002, Smith and Beal 2008). The GALT consists of lymphoid cells residing in the epithelial lining and distributed in the underlying lamina propria as well as specialized lymphoid structures such as: Meck ...
... as well as the digestive system, where it is called gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) (Lasek 2002, Smith and Beal 2008). The GALT consists of lymphoid cells residing in the epithelial lining and distributed in the underlying lamina propria as well as specialized lymphoid structures such as: Meck ...
Ectopic lymphoid follicles - ORCA
... a1b2, which engages the LTb receptor (LTbR) expressed on LTo cells. In turn, LTo cells release the homeostatic chemokines CXCL13, CCL19 and CCL21 in order to recruit haematopoietic cells and up-regulate the expression of the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesio ...
... a1b2, which engages the LTb receptor (LTbR) expressed on LTo cells. In turn, LTo cells release the homeostatic chemokines CXCL13, CCL19 and CCL21 in order to recruit haematopoietic cells and up-regulate the expression of the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesio ...
Biochemistry Honours Booklet for 2017 FINAL
... RESEARCH BACKGROUND A. Proteases in immune defence. Cytotoxic lymphocytes kill infected or cancer cells by releasing proteases (granzymes) which enter the target cell via the pore-forming protein, perforin (Fig). Granzyme B kills cells due to its ability to activate caspases, and is one of the most ...
... RESEARCH BACKGROUND A. Proteases in immune defence. Cytotoxic lymphocytes kill infected or cancer cells by releasing proteases (granzymes) which enter the target cell via the pore-forming protein, perforin (Fig). Granzyme B kills cells due to its ability to activate caspases, and is one of the most ...
Animal models for AIDS
... -Study of lentivirus infection Study of HIV-1 in chimpanzee Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is the ape that has genetic similarity to human (about 98.5%). Some strains of HIV-1 can infect chimpanzees, thereby establishing an animal model to evaluate vaccines and infection with HIV-1. However, infection ...
... -Study of lentivirus infection Study of HIV-1 in chimpanzee Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is the ape that has genetic similarity to human (about 98.5%). Some strains of HIV-1 can infect chimpanzees, thereby establishing an animal model to evaluate vaccines and infection with HIV-1. However, infection ...
Review of immunological and virological aspects as contributory factors in... Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI)
... production increases rapidly from birth to 2 years of age. Early infancy is further marked by low numbers of effector memory B cells (CD27+) and effector memory T cells (CD45RACD45RO+). Although cytokines in infants seem to be less polyfunctional than in adults, they are key components in the regul ...
... production increases rapidly from birth to 2 years of age. Early infancy is further marked by low numbers of effector memory B cells (CD27+) and effector memory T cells (CD45RACD45RO+). Although cytokines in infants seem to be less polyfunctional than in adults, they are key components in the regul ...
Insulin Delivery
... sugar level (ie after a meal) Promotes the transfer of glucose from blood to various body cells by binding and activating glucose receptors Aids in conversion of absorbed glucose into glycogen No Insulin = No glucose breakdown and no energy to cells ...
... sugar level (ie after a meal) Promotes the transfer of glucose from blood to various body cells by binding and activating glucose receptors Aids in conversion of absorbed glucose into glycogen No Insulin = No glucose breakdown and no energy to cells ...
Communicating Research to the General Public
... well suited organisms die off, these mutations become part of the DNA that is passed through the generations. Greater and more frequent threats will enhance the rate at which mutations develop. Resistance is one of these mutations (Figure 1). As this process repeats itself over time, bacterial popul ...
... well suited organisms die off, these mutations become part of the DNA that is passed through the generations. Greater and more frequent threats will enhance the rate at which mutations develop. Resistance is one of these mutations (Figure 1). As this process repeats itself over time, bacterial popul ...
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
... microbial and nonmicrobial. Immune inductive sites are comprised of Peyer’s patches (pps) and mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns). Peyer’s patches have the anatomic appearance of secondary lymphoid organs, with clearly defined T- and B-cell–dependent areas. A single layer of epithelial cells separates the ...
... microbial and nonmicrobial. Immune inductive sites are comprised of Peyer’s patches (pps) and mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns). Peyer’s patches have the anatomic appearance of secondary lymphoid organs, with clearly defined T- and B-cell–dependent areas. A single layer of epithelial cells separates the ...
Immunopathogenesis of chronic periapical
... that egress of antigens from the root canal system is quite likely. There have been a number of investigations into the possibility of the root canal being a source or route for antigens responsible for periapical immune reactions and systemic humoral antibodies. In 1957 Kennedy, Hamilton, and Sylve ...
... that egress of antigens from the root canal system is quite likely. There have been a number of investigations into the possibility of the root canal being a source or route for antigens responsible for periapical immune reactions and systemic humoral antibodies. In 1957 Kennedy, Hamilton, and Sylve ...
Immunomodulators as an antimicrobial tool
... antimicrobial action, immunomodulation and generation of oxidative species, has emerged over the past decade [8]. For example, the efficacy of a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific antibody was associated with modulation of the cellular response to pneumococcus in the lungs of mice with pu ...
... antimicrobial action, immunomodulation and generation of oxidative species, has emerged over the past decade [8]. For example, the efficacy of a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific antibody was associated with modulation of the cellular response to pneumococcus in the lungs of mice with pu ...
View PDF
... Figure 1: Bacterial uptake following infection of S. Typhimurium opsonised with antibodies targeting the bacterial flagella. THP-1 cells were infected with S. Typhimurium opsonised with antiTSSPSAD antibodies or control IgG. The anti-TSSPSAD antibodies were of different subclasses, either IgG1, IgG2 ...
... Figure 1: Bacterial uptake following infection of S. Typhimurium opsonised with antibodies targeting the bacterial flagella. THP-1 cells were infected with S. Typhimurium opsonised with antiTSSPSAD antibodies or control IgG. The anti-TSSPSAD antibodies were of different subclasses, either IgG1, IgG2 ...
Measles infection of the central nervous system
... that the virus may have indirect NMDA receptor– dependent effects in the brain, leading to the neuronal loss (Andersson et al, 1991). The importance of the viral H protein for neurovirulence was investigated using a recombinant MV in which the H gene of MV Edmonston had been replaced by the H gene o ...
... that the virus may have indirect NMDA receptor– dependent effects in the brain, leading to the neuronal loss (Andersson et al, 1991). The importance of the viral H protein for neurovirulence was investigated using a recombinant MV in which the H gene of MV Edmonston had been replaced by the H gene o ...
Preliminary evidence that the novel host-derived immunostimulant EP67 can act as a mucosal adjuvant
... is currently the only adjuvant included as part of a licensed mucosal vaccine (Dukoral: oral, killed vaccine) [7,8]. Inclusion of a similar enterotoxin, Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (HLT) [9], or a “detoxified” HLT [10] with live attenuated intranasal vaccines against influenza, however, caused ...
... is currently the only adjuvant included as part of a licensed mucosal vaccine (Dukoral: oral, killed vaccine) [7,8]. Inclusion of a similar enterotoxin, Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (HLT) [9], or a “detoxified” HLT [10] with live attenuated intranasal vaccines against influenza, however, caused ...
CMMB 527 - University of Calgary
... percentage score for the various components listed above will be combined with the indicated weights to produce an overall percentage for the course, which will be used to determine the course letter grade. The student cannot pass the course as a whole unless they have passed at least one component ...
... percentage score for the various components listed above will be combined with the indicated weights to produce an overall percentage for the course, which will be used to determine the course letter grade. The student cannot pass the course as a whole unless they have passed at least one component ...
chapter 20-the lymphatic system
... A. Lymphocytes-serve as the primary cells of the immune system. 1. These develop in red bone marrow and mature into one of two types of immunocompetent cells: a. T Cells (T Lymphocytes)-these manage immune responses and some directly attack and destroy foreign cells. b. B Cells (B Lymphocytes)-prote ...
... A. Lymphocytes-serve as the primary cells of the immune system. 1. These develop in red bone marrow and mature into one of two types of immunocompetent cells: a. T Cells (T Lymphocytes)-these manage immune responses and some directly attack and destroy foreign cells. b. B Cells (B Lymphocytes)-prote ...
Interplay between the Hepatitis B Virus and Innate Immunity: From
... uncontrolled cytotoxic activities, can be associated with the development of steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [4–6]. Many liver innate immune cells are involved in the so-called tolerogenic microenvironment, which prevails and protects this organ against permanent e ...
... uncontrolled cytotoxic activities, can be associated with the development of steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [4–6]. Many liver innate immune cells are involved in the so-called tolerogenic microenvironment, which prevails and protects this organ against permanent e ...
Viruses We Eat
... rhino, and measles. Each of these viruses has an RNA genome, and each uses its own RNA polymerase to make both viral messenger RNA and new viral genomes. This “all RNA” strategy of replication makes these viruses independent of the cellular DNA replication machinery, so epithelial cells which line t ...
... rhino, and measles. Each of these viruses has an RNA genome, and each uses its own RNA polymerase to make both viral messenger RNA and new viral genomes. This “all RNA” strategy of replication makes these viruses independent of the cellular DNA replication machinery, so epithelial cells which line t ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑