Directed Evolution with Fast and Efficient Selection Technologies
... Mutagenesis of a gene can be performed either by introducing mutations that are statistically scattered over the whole sequence or by focusing them only to a particular region. The first strategy can be achieved either by so-called ‘error prone PCR’ or by ‘DNA-shuffling’ technology (Fig. 1) [9][10]. ...
... Mutagenesis of a gene can be performed either by introducing mutations that are statistically scattered over the whole sequence or by focusing them only to a particular region. The first strategy can be achieved either by so-called ‘error prone PCR’ or by ‘DNA-shuffling’ technology (Fig. 1) [9][10]. ...
Chapter 2
... 3 Characteristics of Enzymes: highly specific to substrates very efficient – speeds up reactions under cellular control (genes) Enzymes have active sites – areas that aid in breaking down or forming bonds between two or more substrates. ...
... 3 Characteristics of Enzymes: highly specific to substrates very efficient – speeds up reactions under cellular control (genes) Enzymes have active sites – areas that aid in breaking down or forming bonds between two or more substrates. ...
A Parkinson Disease Gene Discovered, an
... who had been looking at DJ-1 for years before the PD link was made. This study, says Oostra, “opened their eyes to a different function for the gene and its protein.” “We cloned the cDNA of DJ-1 and reported in 1997 that DJ-1 is a novel oncogene in collaboration with ras,” says Ariga. Before the PD ...
... who had been looking at DJ-1 for years before the PD link was made. This study, says Oostra, “opened their eyes to a different function for the gene and its protein.” “We cloned the cDNA of DJ-1 and reported in 1997 that DJ-1 is a novel oncogene in collaboration with ras,” says Ariga. Before the PD ...
Ion Exchange Chromatography
... • Elution of bound proteins is achieved by reversing the process of binding and, again, exchanging a counterion for protein. • This is usually carried out by applying a large excess of a salt (e.g. NaCl) containing the counterion in the mobile phase. • Because proteins have different net charge, the ...
... • Elution of bound proteins is achieved by reversing the process of binding and, again, exchanging a counterion for protein. • This is usually carried out by applying a large excess of a salt (e.g. NaCl) containing the counterion in the mobile phase. • Because proteins have different net charge, the ...
Supplementary data
... between pathogen and host proteins play a key role in such strategies [3]. Identifying PPIs between B. dentium Bd1 and its host will therefore provide valuable information on the pathogenic activities of this microbe. With the assistance of the InParanoid algorithm [4] in detecting orthologs, the in ...
... between pathogen and host proteins play a key role in such strategies [3]. Identifying PPIs between B. dentium Bd1 and its host will therefore provide valuable information on the pathogenic activities of this microbe. With the assistance of the InParanoid algorithm [4] in detecting orthologs, the in ...
(respectively) in PD brain. Dehay, B. et al., J Neurosci
... Evidence suggests a role for a-synuclein in PD. • Lewy bodies characteristic of the PD brain consist primarily of fibrillar a-synuclein. • Mutations in the a-synuclein gene (triplication, duplication; missense mutations encoding A30P, E46K, A53T) have been linked to rare, hereditary forms of PD. • ...
... Evidence suggests a role for a-synuclein in PD. • Lewy bodies characteristic of the PD brain consist primarily of fibrillar a-synuclein. • Mutations in the a-synuclein gene (triplication, duplication; missense mutations encoding A30P, E46K, A53T) have been linked to rare, hereditary forms of PD. • ...
Final exam 2011 answer key
... B. Describe how you would knock out the two endogenous RP2 genes and select or screen for the desired knock-outs. Diagram the relevant parts of all plasmids you would use. Plasmid #1: --tet off promoter human RP2 cDNA sequence --polyA site (e.g. from SV40)--neoR gene--tTA gene. Transfect and select ...
... B. Describe how you would knock out the two endogenous RP2 genes and select or screen for the desired knock-outs. Diagram the relevant parts of all plasmids you would use. Plasmid #1: --tet off promoter human RP2 cDNA sequence --polyA site (e.g. from SV40)--neoR gene--tTA gene. Transfect and select ...
poster - Olson Lab
... Pluripotency is maintained in germ cells and other stem cells through the action of a small number of highly conserved proteins. Free-living and parasitic flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) are unique in relying entirely on stem cells, called ‘neoblasts’ for growth, tissue turnover and regeneration. ...
... Pluripotency is maintained in germ cells and other stem cells through the action of a small number of highly conserved proteins. Free-living and parasitic flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) are unique in relying entirely on stem cells, called ‘neoblasts’ for growth, tissue turnover and regeneration. ...
D - Protein Information Resource
... representation of multiple protein forms of genes generated by genetic variation, alternative splicing, proteolytic cleavage, and other post-translational modifications (ProForm—Protein Form ontology). PRO is designed to assist assignment of protein annotations (properties such as molecular function ...
... representation of multiple protein forms of genes generated by genetic variation, alternative splicing, proteolytic cleavage, and other post-translational modifications (ProForm—Protein Form ontology). PRO is designed to assist assignment of protein annotations (properties such as molecular function ...
Trask Zool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 4—Part II
... found in the cytosol. When the cell is exposed to hormones, protein A moves from the cytosol into the nucleus, where it turns on genes involved in cell division. When you purify protein A from cells that have not been treated with hormones, you find that protein B is always complexed with it. To det ...
... found in the cytosol. When the cell is exposed to hormones, protein A moves from the cytosol into the nucleus, where it turns on genes involved in cell division. When you purify protein A from cells that have not been treated with hormones, you find that protein B is always complexed with it. To det ...
Class: Protein functional Annotation and Family Classification
... Sequence analysis complements structural comparisons and can greatly benefit from them ...
... Sequence analysis complements structural comparisons and can greatly benefit from them ...
A1993MB49400001
... levels inhibit proteins of salt-tolerant and intolerant algae, while glycerol (the main osmolyte of the former) does not. They proposed that these were general properties of protein-solute-water interactions, rather than specific protein adaptations for function with osmolytes, coining the term "com ...
... levels inhibit proteins of salt-tolerant and intolerant algae, while glycerol (the main osmolyte of the former) does not. They proposed that these were general properties of protein-solute-water interactions, rather than specific protein adaptations for function with osmolytes, coining the term "com ...
Poster
... Within every cell, there exists a system known as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that eliminates damaged, misfolded or excess proteins. Unwanted proteins are tagged with ubiquitin, a small protein that identifies other proteins as being ready for degradation. The process of activating and tra ...
... Within every cell, there exists a system known as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that eliminates damaged, misfolded or excess proteins. Unwanted proteins are tagged with ubiquitin, a small protein that identifies other proteins as being ready for degradation. The process of activating and tra ...
of the protein - Lighthouse Christian Academy
... 2. Hair grows by forming new cells at the base of the root. As they move upward through the skin they are cut off from their nutrient supply and start to form a hard protein called keratin in a process called keratinization. As this occurs, the hair cells die. The dead cells and keratin form the sha ...
... 2. Hair grows by forming new cells at the base of the root. As they move upward through the skin they are cut off from their nutrient supply and start to form a hard protein called keratin in a process called keratinization. As this occurs, the hair cells die. The dead cells and keratin form the sha ...
How to visually interpret biological data using networks
... Figure 2 Mathematical representation of networks and three alternate visualizations of the same data. (a) List of relationships with optional ‘weight’ (often denoted with the letter w), which represent attributes such as relationship significance or stength. Relationships can be undirected (e.g., A3 ...
... Figure 2 Mathematical representation of networks and three alternate visualizations of the same data. (a) List of relationships with optional ‘weight’ (often denoted with the letter w), which represent attributes such as relationship significance or stength. Relationships can be undirected (e.g., A3 ...
Poster_EMBO_Weizmann_2016_v1 - INFN
... Transcriptome Screening: protein coding genes + lncRNAs + microRNAs SPHV ...
... Transcriptome Screening: protein coding genes + lncRNAs + microRNAs SPHV ...
proteomics - Sigma
... peptides are small molecules, that alone do not tend to be immunogenic, thus possibly eliciting a weak immune response. The carrier protein contains many epitopes that stimulate T-helper cells, which help induce the B-cell response. The most commonly selected carriers are keyhole limpet hemacyanin ( ...
... peptides are small molecules, that alone do not tend to be immunogenic, thus possibly eliciting a weak immune response. The carrier protein contains many epitopes that stimulate T-helper cells, which help induce the B-cell response. The most commonly selected carriers are keyhole limpet hemacyanin ( ...
Orthology, paralogy and GO annotation
... How do we identify genes with similar functions? • Evolutionary analysis • Where do orthologs fit in, and what do we mean by orthologs? – Simple answer: “The same gene in different organisms” (separated only by speciation) • Orthology = similar function ...
... How do we identify genes with similar functions? • Evolutionary analysis • Where do orthologs fit in, and what do we mean by orthologs? – Simple answer: “The same gene in different organisms” (separated only by speciation) • Orthology = similar function ...
Study Sheet: Endomembrane System and Endosymbiosis
... of a protein from its site of manufacture in the RER to the outside of the cell with a red arrow. Finally, trace the path of an enzyme incorporated into a lysosome in blue. ...
... of a protein from its site of manufacture in the RER to the outside of the cell with a red arrow. Finally, trace the path of an enzyme incorporated into a lysosome in blue. ...
PostDoc position at the Division of Cell Biology @ Biocenter
... lysosomal protein degradation. Defects in lysosomal protein degradation have fatal consequences and are associated with a wide variety of diseases including cancer and neuro-degeneration. We focus on two main questions: 1. What is the molecular mechanism underlying the ESCRT pathway, which is requir ...
... lysosomal protein degradation. Defects in lysosomal protein degradation have fatal consequences and are associated with a wide variety of diseases including cancer and neuro-degeneration. We focus on two main questions: 1. What is the molecular mechanism underlying the ESCRT pathway, which is requir ...
Genomics: A Mapping Analogy - University of Wisconsin
... With this map, can you know the function of all the buildings on campus? Is it possible to know the names and locations of all the buildings without knowing their functions? Likewise, is it possible to know the names and locations of all the genes of an organism without knowing their function? In m ...
... With this map, can you know the function of all the buildings on campus? Is it possible to know the names and locations of all the buildings without knowing their functions? Likewise, is it possible to know the names and locations of all the genes of an organism without knowing their function? In m ...
E2A and pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL)
... Induces expression of other lineage-specific transcription factors (including EBF and RAG proteins) Collaborates with EBF to regulate expression of other B-lineage genes Regulates immunoglobulin gene recombination by facilitating access of RAG recombinase to recombination loci ...
... Induces expression of other lineage-specific transcription factors (including EBF and RAG proteins) Collaborates with EBF to regulate expression of other B-lineage genes Regulates immunoglobulin gene recombination by facilitating access of RAG recombinase to recombination loci ...
No Slide Title
... After reading this article we decided to create some of our very own alkaline phosphatase fusions to investigate the topology of a “fictional” membrane protein we have named, BADH, which we discovered recently from an “unique” bacterium known as B. anseli. Our new protein, like the E. coli Tsr prote ...
... After reading this article we decided to create some of our very own alkaline phosphatase fusions to investigate the topology of a “fictional” membrane protein we have named, BADH, which we discovered recently from an “unique” bacterium known as B. anseli. Our new protein, like the E. coli Tsr prote ...
Understanding the regulation of surfactant gene expression EDITORIAL W. Jacot, J. Bousquet
... growth (gestational day 10) and throughout foetal lung development, but SP-B expression is not detected until a later gestational stage (gestational day 17) [8]. This suggests that TTF-1 and/or HNF-3 alone cannot fully account for the differential regulation of SP-B gene expression during the develo ...
... growth (gestational day 10) and throughout foetal lung development, but SP-B expression is not detected until a later gestational stage (gestational day 17) [8]. This suggests that TTF-1 and/or HNF-3 alone cannot fully account for the differential regulation of SP-B gene expression during the develo ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.