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A preliminary study of motivational interviewing as a prelude to
... The MI condition received weekly 50-minute sessions of MI over four consecutive weeks. Treatment followed the principles and techniques outlined in Miller and Rollnick’s MI manual. At the end of each session, participants completed a measure of therapeutic alliance. It should be noted that we consid ...
... The MI condition received weekly 50-minute sessions of MI over four consecutive weeks. Treatment followed the principles and techniques outlined in Miller and Rollnick’s MI manual. At the end of each session, participants completed a measure of therapeutic alliance. It should be noted that we consid ...
A Phase IB Pilot Trial of Herpesvirus Treatment in Idiopathic
... increased risk for IPF with odds ratio from case-control studies ranging from 1.11-3.23. In addition to inhaled irritants, several viruses including adenovirus and herpesviruses have been associated with IPF(2, 3, 25, 26). A common feature of all these environmental factors is the ability to injure ...
... increased risk for IPF with odds ratio from case-control studies ranging from 1.11-3.23. In addition to inhaled irritants, several viruses including adenovirus and herpesviruses have been associated with IPF(2, 3, 25, 26). A common feature of all these environmental factors is the ability to injure ...
`A Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Benfotiamine Treatment in Diabetic
... occurred over the past two decades is attributable to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (3). Diabetes is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with more than 40% of all new cases of ESRD occurring in patients with diabetes (3). The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy an ...
... occurred over the past two decades is attributable to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (3). Diabetes is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with more than 40% of all new cases of ESRD occurring in patients with diabetes (3). The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy an ...
Sustained release verapamil, a once daily
... samples were centrifuged, the plasma was frozen and analyses for verapamil and norverapamil levels using high performance liquid chromatography with ftuorometric detection were performed (9). Blood samples for biochemistry profiles were also obtained at the end of each phase as a safety measure. Sta ...
... samples were centrifuged, the plasma was frozen and analyses for verapamil and norverapamil levels using high performance liquid chromatography with ftuorometric detection were performed (9). Blood samples for biochemistry profiles were also obtained at the end of each phase as a safety measure. Sta ...
- Neuromuscular Disorders
... Francesco Muntoni (UK) and Michael Rose (UK) led the session on quality of life (QOL) assessment, measurement of behavioural changes and caregiver burden. No long-term studies have systematically looked into these issues in children with DMD, and specific measures for this disorder are not available ...
... Francesco Muntoni (UK) and Michael Rose (UK) led the session on quality of life (QOL) assessment, measurement of behavioural changes and caregiver burden. No long-term studies have systematically looked into these issues in children with DMD, and specific measures for this disorder are not available ...
Effect of Carvedilol on Survival in Severe Chronic Heart Failure
... center (North or South America vs. Europe, Asia, Africa, or Australia); and history or lack of history of hospitalization for heart failure within one year before enrollment in the study. The first four subgroup analyses were specified in the original protocol. In addition, because earlier studies h ...
... center (North or South America vs. Europe, Asia, Africa, or Australia); and history or lack of history of hospitalization for heart failure within one year before enrollment in the study. The first four subgroup analyses were specified in the original protocol. In addition, because earlier studies h ...
Corticosteroids and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic
... assumed to be valid. We used intention-to-treat data when available. All types of comedications were allowed if administered systematically to both groups or as a part of standard care. No medical disorder or age groups were excluded. When medications known to induce GI symptoms, such as NSAIDs or a ...
... assumed to be valid. We used intention-to-treat data when available. All types of comedications were allowed if administered systematically to both groups or as a part of standard care. No medical disorder or age groups were excluded. When medications known to induce GI symptoms, such as NSAIDs or a ...
Labetalol in Hypertensive Patients with Angina
... satisfactorily controlled; after that only labetalol and thiazide (8 weeks) and finally labetalol-placebo together with previous P-adrenoreceptor antagonists and thiazide for 4 weeks were administered. 2. During the labetalol plus thiazide period resting blood pressures and measurements obtained dur ...
... satisfactorily controlled; after that only labetalol and thiazide (8 weeks) and finally labetalol-placebo together with previous P-adrenoreceptor antagonists and thiazide for 4 weeks were administered. 2. During the labetalol plus thiazide period resting blood pressures and measurements obtained dur ...
Guideline on the investigation of subgroups in - EMA
... decision is generated in the clinical development programme and, in particular, in Phase III confirmatory clinical trials. Confirmatory clinical trials are performed in late-stage drug development to inform a risk-benefit decision and to justify a treatment recommendation. Assessment of these trials ...
... decision is generated in the clinical development programme and, in particular, in Phase III confirmatory clinical trials. Confirmatory clinical trials are performed in late-stage drug development to inform a risk-benefit decision and to justify a treatment recommendation. Assessment of these trials ...
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
... were calculated as follows: total nasal symptom score (TNSS) was defined as the sum of all 4 nasal symptom scores; total nonnasal symptom score (TNNSS) was defined as the sum of all 4 nonnasal symptom scores; and total symptom score (TSS) was defined as the sum of TNSS and TNNSS. Vital signs (blood ...
... were calculated as follows: total nasal symptom score (TNSS) was defined as the sum of all 4 nasal symptom scores; total nonnasal symptom score (TNNSS) was defined as the sum of all 4 nonnasal symptom scores; and total symptom score (TSS) was defined as the sum of TNSS and TNNSS. Vital signs (blood ...
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... all adults with RA from North America and Europe who were treated with etanercept and evaluated every 3 to 4 months. The safety analyses include data on all patients (including those who discontinued treatment), and the efficacy analyses include data from trials allowing continuous treatment into an ...
... all adults with RA from North America and Europe who were treated with etanercept and evaluated every 3 to 4 months. The safety analyses include data on all patients (including those who discontinued treatment), and the efficacy analyses include data from trials allowing continuous treatment into an ...
Are Cannabinoids an Effective and Safe Treatment Option in the
... sulphate 60-120 mg and no more effective than placebo in 37 patients.21 Oral THC 5-20 mg was found to have an analgesic effect when compared with placebo in 10 patients with pain related to advanced cancer.22 In this study a dose-response relation was shown for analgesia but also for adverse effects ...
... sulphate 60-120 mg and no more effective than placebo in 37 patients.21 Oral THC 5-20 mg was found to have an analgesic effect when compared with placebo in 10 patients with pain related to advanced cancer.22 In this study a dose-response relation was shown for analgesia but also for adverse effects ...
Experimental treatments for spinal cord injury
... patients who received the treatment to those in a control group who did not. While not always feasible, a placebo or "sham" treatment given to a group of control subjects (without letting either the patients or the clinicians know who is receiving the active treatment or the placebo control) is the ...
... patients who received the treatment to those in a control group who did not. While not always feasible, a placebo or "sham" treatment given to a group of control subjects (without letting either the patients or the clinicians know who is receiving the active treatment or the placebo control) is the ...
Understanding Clinical Trial Design
... The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a strategy that research advocates can use to constructively contribute to planning clinical trials. It should also assist them to critically assess already designed trials they may be asked to critique (e.g., in grant proposals), as well as to evaluate com ...
... The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a strategy that research advocates can use to constructively contribute to planning clinical trials. It should also assist them to critically assess already designed trials they may be asked to critique (e.g., in grant proposals), as well as to evaluate com ...
Actonel - Allergan
... after taking oral bisphosphonates and/or who fail to swallow it with the recommended full glass (6 to 8 ounces) of water, and/or who continue to take oral bisphosphonates after developing symptoms suggestive of esophageal irritation. Therefore, it is very important that the full dosing instructions ...
... after taking oral bisphosphonates and/or who fail to swallow it with the recommended full glass (6 to 8 ounces) of water, and/or who continue to take oral bisphosphonates after developing symptoms suggestive of esophageal irritation. Therefore, it is very important that the full dosing instructions ...
Alternative Medicine
... perhaps highlighted by the fact that this classification consists of therapeutic approaches that do not fit under any other single term. Originally, CAM was generally thought of as a range of therapeutic interventions that were not taught in medical schools or which were not widely practiced in hosp ...
... perhaps highlighted by the fact that this classification consists of therapeutic approaches that do not fit under any other single term. Originally, CAM was generally thought of as a range of therapeutic interventions that were not taught in medical schools or which were not widely practiced in hosp ...
Oral Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Combination Oral
... bleeding within 4 days; 25% on day 1 and 29%, 21%, and 25% on days 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There is only one published report evaluating the effectiveness of an unopposed parenterally administered estrogen regimen for the treatment of nongestational acute uterine bleeding. In a randomized, double ...
... bleeding within 4 days; 25% on day 1 and 29%, 21%, and 25% on days 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There is only one published report evaluating the effectiveness of an unopposed parenterally administered estrogen regimen for the treatment of nongestational acute uterine bleeding. In a randomized, double ...
Koontz_bu_0017N_10579 - OpenBU
... occurs in early adult life (Shuster, 1979). Increased adrenal cortical activity has also been implicated in the formation of striae, as in the case of Cushing’s syndrome (Stevanović, 1972). Corticosteroids can have catabolic effects on the activity of fibroblasts, resulting in inhibited collagen de ...
... occurs in early adult life (Shuster, 1979). Increased adrenal cortical activity has also been implicated in the formation of striae, as in the case of Cushing’s syndrome (Stevanović, 1972). Corticosteroids can have catabolic effects on the activity of fibroblasts, resulting in inhibited collagen de ...
Experimental treatments for spinal cord injury
... How do I tell whether a treatment is part of a valid clinical trial program?............................................4 Why are clinical trials necessary?......................................................................................................................... 4 What makes a good cl ...
... How do I tell whether a treatment is part of a valid clinical trial program?............................................4 Why are clinical trials necessary?......................................................................................................................... 4 What makes a good cl ...
homeopathy - Medical Clinics of North America
... Symptoms are considered to be a part of the natural response of the body (and mind) to external or internal stresses. According to homeopathic philosophy, the constellation of symptoms represents the best way the person’s integrative systems can deal with the particular stressful event at a particul ...
... Symptoms are considered to be a part of the natural response of the body (and mind) to external or internal stresses. According to homeopathic philosophy, the constellation of symptoms represents the best way the person’s integrative systems can deal with the particular stressful event at a particul ...
Initiation Slides - CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow
... New version of Patient Information Sheet must be provided to patients consented with previous version. This must be given to all patients regardless of treatment stage, during next possible clinic visit. ...
... New version of Patient Information Sheet must be provided to patients consented with previous version. This must be given to all patients regardless of treatment stage, during next possible clinic visit. ...
Treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): current
... receiving stress management training (decrease ≥25% in the Y-BOCS total score 74% and 22%, respectively; p <.001) (Simpson et al. 2008). Evidence from this randomized, controlled study strongly supports the use of CBT incorporating ERP as an SRI augmentation strategy for OCD non-responders to medica ...
... receiving stress management training (decrease ≥25% in the Y-BOCS total score 74% and 22%, respectively; p <.001) (Simpson et al. 2008). Evidence from this randomized, controlled study strongly supports the use of CBT incorporating ERP as an SRI augmentation strategy for OCD non-responders to medica ...
Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report for Diemthyl Fumarate
... Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects young adults, causing plaques of demyelination. Plaques are most common in the white matter of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, but occasionally plaques affect the cerebral grey ...
... Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects young adults, causing plaques of demyelination. Plaques are most common in the white matter of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, but occasionally plaques affect the cerebral grey ...
BMC Dermatology Orest Szczurko and Heather S Boon* Research article
... Background: Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder affecting 1 to 4% of the world population. Fifty percent of cases appear before the age of 20 years old, and the disfigurement results in psychiatric morbidity in 16 to 35% of those affected. Methods: Our objective was to complete a comprehensive, ...
... Background: Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder affecting 1 to 4% of the world population. Fifty percent of cases appear before the age of 20 years old, and the disfigurement results in psychiatric morbidity in 16 to 35% of those affected. Methods: Our objective was to complete a comprehensive, ...
Pharmacological Treatment of Delirium
... Proportion of patients delirium and coma-free x 2 days ...
... Proportion of patients delirium and coma-free x 2 days ...
Placebo-controlled study
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cebocap.jpg?width=300)
Placebo-controlled studies are a way of testing a medical therapy in which, in addition to a group of subjects that receives the treatment to be evaluated, a separate control group receives a sham ""placebo"" treatment which is specifically designed to have no real effect. Placebos are most commonly used in blinded trials, where subjects do not know whether they are receiving real or placebo treatment. Often, there is also a further ""natural history"" group that does not receive any treatment at all.The purpose of the placebo group is to account for the placebo effect, that is, effects from treatment that do not depend on the treatment itself. Such factors include knowing one is receiving a treatment, attention from health care professionals, and the expectations of a treatment's effectiveness by those running the research study. Without a placebo group to compare against, it is not possible to know whether the treatment itself had any effect.Patients frequently show improvement even when given a sham or ""fake"" treatment. Such intentionally inert placebo treatments can take many forms, such as a pill containing only sugar, a surgery where nothing efficacious is actually done (just an incision and sometimes some minor touching or handling of the underlying structures), or a medical device (such as an ultrasound machine) that is not actually turned on. Also, due to the body's natural healing ability and statistical effects such as regression to the mean, many patients will get better even when given no treatment at all. Thus, the relevant question when assessing a treatment is not ""does the treatment work?"" but ""does the treatment work better than a placebo treatment, or no treatment at all?"" As one early clinical trial researcher wrote, ""the first object of a therapeutic trial is to discover whether the patients who receive the treatment under investigation are cured more rapidly, more completely or more frequently, than they would have been without it.""p.195 More broadly, the aim of a clinical trial is to determine what treatments, delivered in what circumstances, to which patients, in what conditions, are the most effective.Therefore, the use of placebos is a standard control component of most clinical trials, which attempt to make some sort of quantitative assessment of the efficacy of medicinal drugs or treatments. Such a test or clinical trial is called a placebo-controlled study, and its control is of the negative type. A study whose control is a previously tested treatment, rather than no treatment, is called a positive-control study, because its control is of the positive type.Government regulatory agencies approve new drugs only after tests establish not only that patients respond to them, but also that their effect is greater than that of a placebo (by way of affecting more patients, by affecting responders more strongly, or both). As a result, ""placebo-controlled studies often are designed in such a way that disadvantages the placebo condition"".