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Comparison of Hypertonic Saline to Epinephrine in
... there is no study comparing hypertonic saline directly against bronchodilators. Ethical standards now-a-days demand that when treatment exists that is better than doing nothing for the patient, the alternative treatment must be standard therapy rather than placebo. In our hospital standard therapy ...
... there is no study comparing hypertonic saline directly against bronchodilators. Ethical standards now-a-days demand that when treatment exists that is better than doing nothing for the patient, the alternative treatment must be standard therapy rather than placebo. In our hospital standard therapy ...
Renal cell carcinoma (first line metastatic) - pazopanib
... It is felt that immunotherapy (IFN alpha/IL-2) should not be considered as a relevant comparator as it no longer constitutes a standard treatment in the NHS. Indeed, UK oncologist estimated that currently only around 5% of patients in the UK are receiving immunotherapy as the first line treatment of ...
... It is felt that immunotherapy (IFN alpha/IL-2) should not be considered as a relevant comparator as it no longer constitutes a standard treatment in the NHS. Indeed, UK oncologist estimated that currently only around 5% of patients in the UK are receiving immunotherapy as the first line treatment of ...
AusPAR: Levomilnacipran (as hydrochloride)
... 9.65 and is freely soluble (approx. 70% weight/volume (w/v)) in both water and 0.1 M hydrochloride (HCl), freely soluble in ethanol and practically insoluble in acetonitrile. A particle size study was performed by laser diffraction in accordance to the compendial requirements of European Pharmacopoe ...
... 9.65 and is freely soluble (approx. 70% weight/volume (w/v)) in both water and 0.1 M hydrochloride (HCl), freely soluble in ethanol and practically insoluble in acetonitrile. A particle size study was performed by laser diffraction in accordance to the compendial requirements of European Pharmacopoe ...
INVOKANA®
... instituted. Treatment of ketoacidosis may require insulin, fluid and carbohydrate replacement. In many of the postmarketing reports, and particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes, the presence of ketoacidosis was not immediately recognized and institution of treatment was delayed because present ...
... instituted. Treatment of ketoacidosis may require insulin, fluid and carbohydrate replacement. In many of the postmarketing reports, and particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes, the presence of ketoacidosis was not immediately recognized and institution of treatment was delayed because present ...
! Topical timolol treatment for infantile hemangiomas: a phase II
... Anogenital IHs are often complicated by ulceration and infection, and affected infants often experience painful urination and defecation (1). IHs affect mostly the head and neck, which are visible locations. Craniofacial disfigurement in general has long been recognized as associated with negative p ...
... Anogenital IHs are often complicated by ulceration and infection, and affected infants often experience painful urination and defecation (1). IHs affect mostly the head and neck, which are visible locations. Craniofacial disfigurement in general has long been recognized as associated with negative p ...
Moss Pharmacy and Nutrition Center @!!! 804-E WEST
... Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. DO not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not ingest or inhale. Use only in a chem ...
... Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. DO not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not ingest or inhale. Use only in a chem ...
Effect of Propranolol on Elevated Arterial Blood Pressure
... placebos in a double-blind crossover trial. Each treatment was given for 5 weeks; blood pressure was measured at weekly intervals. Propranolol alone reduced arterial pressure by 9/8 mm Hg, a statistically insignificant change. Use of chlorthalidone alone was accompanied by an average reduction in ar ...
... placebos in a double-blind crossover trial. Each treatment was given for 5 weeks; blood pressure was measured at weekly intervals. Propranolol alone reduced arterial pressure by 9/8 mm Hg, a statistically insignificant change. Use of chlorthalidone alone was accompanied by an average reduction in ar ...
Experimental treatments for spinal cord injury
... dose, to see if there are side effects. Phase 2 is designed to look for positive treatment effects, comparing patients receiving the treatments with a control group. If a useful effect is seen in Phase 2, the trial proceeds to Phase 3. Here a larger number of patients, usually in several clinics, ar ...
... dose, to see if there are side effects. Phase 2 is designed to look for positive treatment effects, comparing patients receiving the treatments with a control group. If a useful effect is seen in Phase 2, the trial proceeds to Phase 3. Here a larger number of patients, usually in several clinics, ar ...
Pituitary Gland Cancer
... your body. They may be done to look for pituitary tumours or to see if they have grown into nearby structures. In some cases, an imaging test of the head done for another reason may detect a pituitary tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan - MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets to cre ...
... your body. They may be done to look for pituitary tumours or to see if they have grown into nearby structures. In some cases, an imaging test of the head done for another reason may detect a pituitary tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan - MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets to cre ...
Trial Protocol (Amendment).
... compared to baseline using a 15 grade scale in response to the following question:” ‘How do you assess your relative condition when compared to prior therapy” 7. At the end of the study Patient’s global assessment on her/his current condition using a binary (yes/no) variable in response to the follo ...
... compared to baseline using a 15 grade scale in response to the following question:” ‘How do you assess your relative condition when compared to prior therapy” 7. At the end of the study Patient’s global assessment on her/his current condition using a binary (yes/no) variable in response to the follo ...
Headaches: Evidence Update October 2014
... p<0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the rizatriptan and the placebo groups (24% versus 23% among 12–17 year olds, no statistical analysis for between group difference presented). The most common adverse effects were somnolence, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, upper abdominal pain, an ...
... p<0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the rizatriptan and the placebo groups (24% versus 23% among 12–17 year olds, no statistical analysis for between group difference presented). The most common adverse effects were somnolence, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, upper abdominal pain, an ...
Methotrexat in CED - die oft vergessene Therapie Alternative
... mg folic acid + 1 mg folic acid daily ...
... mg folic acid + 1 mg folic acid daily ...
Heroin maintenance treatments - are the further investigation need
... Trials were conducted in accordance with developed protocols [84] in compliance with the international guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. One type of protocol was for the investigation of the effectiveness of intravenously injected heroin, and another protocol for the trial involving inhaled her ...
... Trials were conducted in accordance with developed protocols [84] in compliance with the international guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. One type of protocol was for the investigation of the effectiveness of intravenously injected heroin, and another protocol for the trial involving inhaled her ...
Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease Paolo Spagnolo , Leonardo M. Fabbri
... The airway inflammatory response in CF is characterised by neutrophilic infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This has been demonstrated even in the absence of bacterial infection, suggesting that airway inflammation may precede bacterial infection [30]; however, it remains controve ...
... The airway inflammatory response in CF is characterised by neutrophilic infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This has been demonstrated even in the absence of bacterial infection, suggesting that airway inflammation may precede bacterial infection [30]; however, it remains controve ...
Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosing
... articular manifestations of AS, but it has not been shown to be effective in treating axial disease (12–14). Therapeutic agents that target the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣) may be the most viable alternative to existing treatment options. Abundant TNF␣ messenger RNA and pr ...
... articular manifestations of AS, but it has not been shown to be effective in treating axial disease (12–14). Therapeutic agents that target the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣) may be the most viable alternative to existing treatment options. Abundant TNF␣ messenger RNA and pr ...
Final Research Project
... explained that aphasia is “one of the most common neurological symptoms after stroke” and that it “affects one-third of stroke survivors and usually has a poor prognosis.” They continued to explain the severity of aphasia and its “significant negative impact on the patient’s well-being, independence ...
... explained that aphasia is “one of the most common neurological symptoms after stroke” and that it “affects one-third of stroke survivors and usually has a poor prognosis.” They continued to explain the severity of aphasia and its “significant negative impact on the patient’s well-being, independence ...
Pr CYRAMZA - Eli Lilly Canada
... CYRAMZA is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception. Advise women of child bearing potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CYRAMZA. Patients should avoid getting pregnant while receiving CYRAMZA and for at least 3 months a ...
... CYRAMZA is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception. Advise women of child bearing potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CYRAMZA. Patients should avoid getting pregnant while receiving CYRAMZA and for at least 3 months a ...
... instructed to check the appropriate response to the awakening question, which was completed on arising in the morning and asked if the patient awoke with asthma symptoms during the night or in the morning. The response option "awake all night" was explained to the patient to mean either awake all ni ...
ERS TASK FORCE REPORT A.R. Smyth
... different, e.g. dornase alfa in children aged under 5 yrs with cystic fibrosis (CF). These examples of prescribing off-label involve uses that do not have sufficient evidence for safety and efficacy and it arises because, until recently, there have been important obstacles to developing medicines fo ...
... different, e.g. dornase alfa in children aged under 5 yrs with cystic fibrosis (CF). These examples of prescribing off-label involve uses that do not have sufficient evidence for safety and efficacy and it arises because, until recently, there have been important obstacles to developing medicines fo ...
Research Prioritization Topic Briefs
... outcomes demonstrated by RCTs individually for niacin and BAS, there are limitations for these agents as well. In addition, RCTs on niacin and BAS were conducted in a in a different historical time when other contemporary cardiovascular disease management practices were not in play. Their usefulness ...
... outcomes demonstrated by RCTs individually for niacin and BAS, there are limitations for these agents as well. In addition, RCTs on niacin and BAS were conducted in a in a different historical time when other contemporary cardiovascular disease management practices were not in play. Their usefulness ...
Exhaled NO and assessment of anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled S.L. Jones
... Following run-in, ICS therapy was discontinued. Patients were reviewed weekly until "loss of control" developed, or for a maximum of 6 weeks. Those who did not develop loss of control were then withdrawn. Loss of control was defined by predetermined criteria [17] consisting of: 1) a fall in the mean ...
... Following run-in, ICS therapy was discontinued. Patients were reviewed weekly until "loss of control" developed, or for a maximum of 6 weeks. Those who did not develop loss of control were then withdrawn. Loss of control was defined by predetermined criteria [17] consisting of: 1) a fall in the mean ...
Prospective Observational Studies to Assess Comparative
... design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of prospective observational studies that will enhance their value to policymakers. A number of issues addressed by the 2009 task force also apply to the design and conduct of prospective observational studies, and we draw on its recommendations, where approp ...
... design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of prospective observational studies that will enhance their value to policymakers. A number of issues addressed by the 2009 task force also apply to the design and conduct of prospective observational studies, and we draw on its recommendations, where approp ...
Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (Review) The Cochrane Library
... During the acute phase of PHG many children may refuse to eat or drink because of the discomfort and pain from these lesions and consequently become rapidly dehydrated. Extraoral lesions (herpes labialis), which appear as erythematous papules on the vermilion border and adjacent skin of the lips, ma ...
... During the acute phase of PHG many children may refuse to eat or drink because of the discomfort and pain from these lesions and consequently become rapidly dehydrated. Extraoral lesions (herpes labialis), which appear as erythematous papules on the vermilion border and adjacent skin of the lips, ma ...
STROKE 2009 - INHS Health Training
... stroke onset, randomized to tPA vs placebo 52% no disability with tPA vs 45% placebo No mortality difference (7.7% tPA vs 8.4%) Symptomatic hemorrhage 7.9% tPA vs 3.5% ...
... stroke onset, randomized to tPA vs placebo 52% no disability with tPA vs 45% placebo No mortality difference (7.7% tPA vs 8.4%) Symptomatic hemorrhage 7.9% tPA vs 3.5% ...
Placebo-controlled study
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cebocap.jpg?width=300)
Placebo-controlled studies are a way of testing a medical therapy in which, in addition to a group of subjects that receives the treatment to be evaluated, a separate control group receives a sham ""placebo"" treatment which is specifically designed to have no real effect. Placebos are most commonly used in blinded trials, where subjects do not know whether they are receiving real or placebo treatment. Often, there is also a further ""natural history"" group that does not receive any treatment at all.The purpose of the placebo group is to account for the placebo effect, that is, effects from treatment that do not depend on the treatment itself. Such factors include knowing one is receiving a treatment, attention from health care professionals, and the expectations of a treatment's effectiveness by those running the research study. Without a placebo group to compare against, it is not possible to know whether the treatment itself had any effect.Patients frequently show improvement even when given a sham or ""fake"" treatment. Such intentionally inert placebo treatments can take many forms, such as a pill containing only sugar, a surgery where nothing efficacious is actually done (just an incision and sometimes some minor touching or handling of the underlying structures), or a medical device (such as an ultrasound machine) that is not actually turned on. Also, due to the body's natural healing ability and statistical effects such as regression to the mean, many patients will get better even when given no treatment at all. Thus, the relevant question when assessing a treatment is not ""does the treatment work?"" but ""does the treatment work better than a placebo treatment, or no treatment at all?"" As one early clinical trial researcher wrote, ""the first object of a therapeutic trial is to discover whether the patients who receive the treatment under investigation are cured more rapidly, more completely or more frequently, than they would have been without it.""p.195 More broadly, the aim of a clinical trial is to determine what treatments, delivered in what circumstances, to which patients, in what conditions, are the most effective.Therefore, the use of placebos is a standard control component of most clinical trials, which attempt to make some sort of quantitative assessment of the efficacy of medicinal drugs or treatments. Such a test or clinical trial is called a placebo-controlled study, and its control is of the negative type. A study whose control is a previously tested treatment, rather than no treatment, is called a positive-control study, because its control is of the positive type.Government regulatory agencies approve new drugs only after tests establish not only that patients respond to them, but also that their effect is greater than that of a placebo (by way of affecting more patients, by affecting responders more strongly, or both). As a result, ""placebo-controlled studies often are designed in such a way that disadvantages the placebo condition"".