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Moral functioning as mediated action
Moral functioning as mediated action

... respecting her human dignity by saying that, you know, if we continue living together for the next four years, we will really not be respecting each other at all by the time those four years are over, you know. And so, we should come to a different situation out of this effect. I guess that’s what I ...
When Soldiers Aren`t Heroes: An Essay
When Soldiers Aren`t Heroes: An Essay

... is possible that specific situations and actions within an unjust war can be occasions of heroism or honor. That is, that a warrior who is otherwise engaged in an unjust war could find himself in a set of circumstances where he acts with honor and heroism. Nothing in my argument here disallows this ...
meta-ethics - WordPress.com
meta-ethics - WordPress.com

... many think the question turns on whether the fetus is a person. In other words, the ideal moral judgment must be clear. • Information: We must answer moral questions by having knowledge of the world. For example, in order to know why eating meet is morally wrong, we must know the facts, that is, ani ...
haidt.bjorklund.2008.. - Faculty Web Sites at the University of Virginia
haidt.bjorklund.2008.. - Faculty Web Sites at the University of Virginia

... evolutionary approach in which judging others and choosing actions for oneself are very different processes. Sages and scientists have long marveled at the disconnect between our righteousness and strictness in judging others and our leniency and flexibility in choosing our own actions. Psychologist ...
The Intercultural Ethics Agenda from an Objectivist Point of View
The Intercultural Ethics Agenda from an Objectivist Point of View

... – Much disagreement that appears moral is not about fundamental moral principles at all: much disagreement involves disagreement about how to apply shared principles or disagreement about factual matters that condition applicability of shared moral principles. – Indeed, one reason that diversity of ...
Maturity of judgment in adolescence: Psychosocial factors in
Maturity of judgment in adolescence: Psychosocial factors in

... of an interaction between cognitive and psychosocial factors, with competent decision making potentially undermined by deficiencies in either domain. An individual facing a particular decision may have the cognitive skills to evaluate the costs and benefits of various courses of action, but if the i ...
Ethics and Business
Ethics and Business

... 2. Corporate issues─questions raised about a particular company. These include questions about the morality of the activities, policies, practices, or organizational structure of an individual company taken as a whole. 3. Individual issues─questions about a particular individual within an organizat ...
Is Procreative Beneficence Obligatory?
Is Procreative Beneficence Obligatory?

... always wrong for them to adopt an external perspective towards their ...
Dr. Keith YN Ng
Dr. Keith YN Ng

... Moral Reasoning • The process by which human behaviours, institutions or policies are judged to be in accordance with or in violation of moral standards. • Moral reasoning involves two essential components:– an understanding of what reasonable moral standards require, prohibit, value or condemn – E ...
Egocentrism and Automatic Perspective Taking in
Egocentrism and Automatic Perspective Taking in

... gp2 = .169, with an effect of consistency for other, t(23) = 1.696, p = .103, but not for self, t(23) = 1.519, p = .142, trials. For adults there was a significant interaction between consistency and perspective, F(1, 10) = 4.666, p = .041, gp2 = .169, with an effect of consistency for self, t(10) = ...
Ethics
Ethics

... - Ethically good person and personal good ethicist - Ethicist and moralist - Morals (or morality) and ethics - The moral, immoral and nonmoral - Habitual morality and reflective morality - Descriptive ethics - Normative ethics and non-normative ethics - Persona; ethics and social ethics ...
Minimal Ethics
Minimal Ethics

... influence of the context in which we make a choice. The smell of warm croissants might therefore increase our empathy, just as the fact of being trapped in a crowd might diminish it. Yet if it is true that the smell of warm croissants has an influence on human goodness, are we still dealing with a m ...
Ethical Relativism 2 Kinds of Relativism: ethical relativism and social
Ethical Relativism 2 Kinds of Relativism: ethical relativism and social

... statements of social preferences or emotional reactions expressions of pro and con attitudes towards some behaviour found in one’s society expressions of the imperatives one’s social groups want to be followed ...
Moral Psychology at the Crossroads
Moral Psychology at the Crossroads

... moral psychological research in the “post-Kohlbergian era” will be found by searching for integrative possibilities with other domains of psychological research. In particular, we argue that certain cognitive and social-cognitive literatures can be a powerful source of insights for understanding mor ...
Professional Character Formation
Professional Character Formation

... presenting the respondent with stories that highlight a moral dilemma. But unlike the Kohlberg interview, in which the respondent must produce a response, the task on the DIT is to rate and then rank 12 short issue statements. • In Action Choice, the respondent decides, on a 3-point scale, what the ...
DOC - A Level Philosophy
DOC - A Level Philosophy

... A final objection to the denial of moral truth is that it does not allow for the idea of moral progress. If there is no moral reality, then our moral beliefs or feelings cannot become better or worse. Obviously, they have changed – people used to believe that slavery was morally acceptable and now t ...
KOHLBERG`S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT Lawrence
KOHLBERG`S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT Lawrence

... the mind processes new information. He said that a person understands whatever information fits into his established view of the world. When information does not fit, the person must reexamine and adjust his thinking to accommodate the new information. Piaget described four stages of cognitive devel ...
Ethical Relativism
Ethical Relativism

... 1. Note: Ethical relativism goes beyond CR and claims that each of these different moral principles/codes is equally correct. Diplomatic Immunity Laws are based on this reasoning. Why think that our moral codes are the only correct ones - different people have be raised differently and we cannot ju ...
MORAL REASONING AND DECISION MAKING
MORAL REASONING AND DECISION MAKING

...  Stage one (obedience): Heinz should not steal the medicine, because he will consequently be put in prison.  Stage two (self-interest): Heinz should steal the medicine, because he will be much happier if he saves his wife, even if he will have to serve a prison sentence.  Stage three (conformity ...
Review_questions
Review_questions

... mathematics, also disagree as to correct answers to certain questions. Another is there is common agreement as to answers to some moral questions and ;lastly people do not always distinguish between disagreements about general principles and disagreements bout factual matters in disputes involving m ...
The Mūlasarvāstivāda Bhikṣuṇī Has the Horns of a
The Mūlasarvāstivāda Bhikṣuṇī Has the Horns of a

... adulthood are based empirically on a study of eighty-four boys whose development Kohlberg has followed for a period of over twenty years. Although Kohlberg claims universality for his stage sequence, those groups not included in his original sample rarely reach his higher stages. Prominent among tho ...
Moral Psychology at the Crossroads Daniel K. Lapsley Darcia
Moral Psychology at the Crossroads Daniel K. Lapsley Darcia

... view of morality had a liberating effect on moral psychology, in fact, made moral psychology possible, there is also growing anxiety about how and where to re-set the boundaries between the two disciplines. Blasi (1990) argued that moral philosophy has had a number of negative side effects on moral ...
Relativism: Cognitive and Moral
Relativism: Cognitive and Moral

... parasitic upon them. That is, where there are second-order native beliefs about what counts as true or valid or what counts as a good reason for holding a belief which are at odds with these basic principles, then those beliefs can only be rendered fully intelligible against the background of such p ...
Introduction to Ethics & Moral Reasoning
Introduction to Ethics & Moral Reasoning

... Why do humans behave in generous and noble ways? It is due to “reason, principle, conscience, the inhabitant of the breast, the man within, the quiet judge and arbiter of ...
Moral Discourse
Moral Discourse

... Please remember that we are posting views to exemplify roadblocks – so some may not be a true view/opinion. Please respect each other. ...
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Role-taking theory

Role-taking theory, or social perspective taking, is the sociological theory that one of the most important factors in facilitating social cognition in children is the growing ability to understand others’ feelings and perspectives, an ability that emerges as a result of general cognitive growth. Part of this process requires that children come to realize that others’ views may differ from their own. Role-taking ability involves understanding the cognitive and affective (i.e. relating to moods, emotions, and attitudes) aspects of another person’s point of view and differs from perceptual perspective taking, which is the ability to recognize another person’s visual point of view of the environment. Furthermore, albeit some mixed evidence on the issue, role taking and perceptual perspective taking seem to be functionally and developmentally independent of each other.Robert Selman is noted for emphasizing the importance of this theory within the field of cognitive development. He argues that a matured role taking ability allows us to better appreciate how our actions will affect others, and if we fail to develop the ability to role take, we will be forced to erroneously judge that others are behaving solely as a result of external factors. One of Selman’s principal additions to the theory has been an empirically supported developmental theory of role taking ability.Social cognitive research on children’s thoughts about others’ perspectives, feelings, and behaviors has emerged as one of the largest areas of research in the field. Role taking theory can provide a theoretical foundation upon which this research can rest and be guided by and has relations and applications to numerous other theories and topics.
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