Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... were lesioned, and the inconsistent effects on sleep might have occurred because the lesion methods did not destroy the appropriate neurons. To specifically test the hypothesis that lesions of the LH which result in loss of hypocretin-containing neurons produce symptoms of narcolepsy, we have create ...
... were lesioned, and the inconsistent effects on sleep might have occurred because the lesion methods did not destroy the appropriate neurons. To specifically test the hypothesis that lesions of the LH which result in loss of hypocretin-containing neurons produce symptoms of narcolepsy, we have create ...
Document
... • EEG activity of 3.5 – 7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Delta activity: • Regular, synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep. ...
... • EEG activity of 3.5 – 7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Delta activity: • Regular, synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep. ...
Low Quality
... Asleep and fired up Not knowing why humans spend a third of their lives unconscious hasn’t prevented scientists from describing five different stages of sleep from recordings of brain waves. Stage one, marking the transition between awake and asleep, is shallow. Stage two, which lasts the longest, f ...
... Asleep and fired up Not knowing why humans spend a third of their lives unconscious hasn’t prevented scientists from describing five different stages of sleep from recordings of brain waves. Stage one, marking the transition between awake and asleep, is shallow. Stage two, which lasts the longest, f ...
Pacifier Use May Decrease the Risk of SIDS Abstract Introduction
... Pacifier use and non-nutritive sucking Non-nutritive sucking is a normal fetal and neonate behavior. Pacifiers (also known as dummies) have been used to fulfill this innate desire for over 2000 years [1]. These mock nipples can soothe or calm infants and are also useful during minor medical procedur ...
... Pacifier use and non-nutritive sucking Non-nutritive sucking is a normal fetal and neonate behavior. Pacifiers (also known as dummies) have been used to fulfill this innate desire for over 2000 years [1]. These mock nipples can soothe or calm infants and are also useful during minor medical procedur ...
Autistic-Spectrum-Disorders-Current
... Martineau J, Cochin S, Barthelemy C, et al. Impaired cortical activation in autistic children: is the mirror neuron system involved? Int J Psychophysiol. 2008 Apr;68(1):35-40 ...
... Martineau J, Cochin S, Barthelemy C, et al. Impaired cortical activation in autistic children: is the mirror neuron system involved? Int J Psychophysiol. 2008 Apr;68(1):35-40 ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... task performance is suggestive of additional experiments involving selective manipulations of spindle activity to further support an active role of spindles in memory formation. Enhanced spindle activity during non-REM sleep induced by transcranial alternating current stimulations in humans leads to ...
... task performance is suggestive of additional experiments involving selective manipulations of spindle activity to further support an active role of spindles in memory formation. Enhanced spindle activity during non-REM sleep induced by transcranial alternating current stimulations in humans leads to ...
Central Sleep Apnea Syndromes
... If decrescendo effort is accompanied by apnea during sleep, it is a type of central sleep apnea syndrome Mainly seen is stage N1 and N2 sleep Cycle time – 60-90 seconds (longer than other forms of CSA); correlation with severity of HF Arousal typically occurs mid cycle at peak of ventilatory effort ...
... If decrescendo effort is accompanied by apnea during sleep, it is a type of central sleep apnea syndrome Mainly seen is stage N1 and N2 sleep Cycle time – 60-90 seconds (longer than other forms of CSA); correlation with severity of HF Arousal typically occurs mid cycle at peak of ventilatory effort ...
Although people with the movies, narcolepsy
... sleep, it is physiologically quite different. Breathing and heart rate are irregular; characteristic rapid eye movements occur; the cortex generates fast, irregular, low-voltage waves similar to those present in alert waking; vivid dreams take place; and brain metabolism often exceeds levels seen wh ...
... sleep, it is physiologically quite different. Breathing and heart rate are irregular; characteristic rapid eye movements occur; the cortex generates fast, irregular, low-voltage waves similar to those present in alert waking; vivid dreams take place; and brain metabolism often exceeds levels seen wh ...
Reactivation, retrieval, replay and reconsolidation in and out of
... REM sleep episodes following learning. The idea was to activate specific networks that had been active during the encoding phase. ...
... REM sleep episodes following learning. The idea was to activate specific networks that had been active during the encoding phase. ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... acquisition. Following acquisition, memories either undergo a process of consolidation (enhancement and/or stabilization for long-term storage) or are forgotten. Forgetting can be thought of as a process that acts in opposition to consolidation, and can occur either through interference (where prior ...
... acquisition. Following acquisition, memories either undergo a process of consolidation (enhancement and/or stabilization for long-term storage) or are forgotten. Forgetting can be thought of as a process that acts in opposition to consolidation, and can occur either through interference (where prior ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... High association with HLA DQB1*06:02 leading to the hypothesis that orexin loss is secondary to an autoimmune process ...
... High association with HLA DQB1*06:02 leading to the hypothesis that orexin loss is secondary to an autoimmune process ...
Invasive or Non Invasive Ventilation
... A combination of OSAHS and COPD Patients with overlap disease usually have a more significant oxygen desaturation More likely to develop pulmonary hypertension CO2 retention due to hypoventilation Decrease in O2 levels are very evident on PSG ...
... A combination of OSAHS and COPD Patients with overlap disease usually have a more significant oxygen desaturation More likely to develop pulmonary hypertension CO2 retention due to hypoventilation Decrease in O2 levels are very evident on PSG ...
Sleep imaging and the neuro- psychological assessment of dreams
... between introspective data obtained from report and objective data obtained from behavioral responses is largely overstated. Like introspective data, behavioral measurements in cognitive studies often rely on inspecting mental representations or sensations and making decisions about them [a]. Two ra ...
... between introspective data obtained from report and objective data obtained from behavioral responses is largely overstated. Like introspective data, behavioral measurements in cognitive studies often rely on inspecting mental representations or sensations and making decisions about them [a]. Two ra ...
What Musicians can Learn about Practicing from Current Brain
... spending hours and hours on a really tricky fast passage on the first few days of practicing isn’t as efficient as getting it fluent at a slower tempo and then just leaving it until the next day. The next day, not only will you be able to play it faster, but you’ll spend much less time getting it to ...
... spending hours and hours on a really tricky fast passage on the first few days of practicing isn’t as efficient as getting it fluent at a slower tempo and then just leaving it until the next day. The next day, not only will you be able to play it faster, but you’ll spend much less time getting it to ...
Hypocretinergic Neurons are Primarily involved in Activation
... Representative motor activity of cats during AW-with M is shown by the horizontal bar A1 in Figure 1A. In the QS group of animals, QS consumed on average 90% of the animals’ behavioral state in the hour prior to euthanasia. Figure 1B presents an example of delta, sigma, and gamma EEG frequency bands ...
... Representative motor activity of cats during AW-with M is shown by the horizontal bar A1 in Figure 1A. In the QS group of animals, QS consumed on average 90% of the animals’ behavioral state in the hour prior to euthanasia. Figure 1B presents an example of delta, sigma, and gamma EEG frequency bands ...
Neurobilogy of Sleep
... • Based on these observations, the anterior hypothalamus contained neurons that promoted sleep, whereas neurons near the hypothalamusmidbrain junction helped promote wakefulness. ...
... • Based on these observations, the anterior hypothalamus contained neurons that promoted sleep, whereas neurons near the hypothalamusmidbrain junction helped promote wakefulness. ...
T A BOLD window into brain waves
... waves or delta waves, 1–4 Hz), intermediate (theta, 4–8 Hz; alpha, 8–12 Hz; and beta, 13–20 Hz), and fast (gamma, ⬎30 Hz). Moreover, slower fluctuations appear to group and modulate faster ones (1, 2). The BOLD signal underlying functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also exhibits spontaneous ...
... waves or delta waves, 1–4 Hz), intermediate (theta, 4–8 Hz; alpha, 8–12 Hz; and beta, 13–20 Hz), and fast (gamma, ⬎30 Hz). Moreover, slower fluctuations appear to group and modulate faster ones (1, 2). The BOLD signal underlying functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also exhibits spontaneous ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... • Wakefulness maintained by multiple neuronal systems with different neurotransmitters • Systems are partially redundant, no one system appears to be necessary or sufficient for wakefulness • Widespread projections to cortex, subcortical relays and brainstem or spinal cord, mutually excitatory influ ...
... • Wakefulness maintained by multiple neuronal systems with different neurotransmitters • Systems are partially redundant, no one system appears to be necessary or sufficient for wakefulness • Widespread projections to cortex, subcortical relays and brainstem or spinal cord, mutually excitatory influ ...
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus
... (or both) occurred after acquisition of procedural tasks requiring implicit visuo-motor adaptation and cognitive skills [8,37]. Again, this SWS–REM sleep dichotomy does not fit all findings. Regional increases in slow-wave activity were observed following acquisition of a procedural rotation adaptat ...
... (or both) occurred after acquisition of procedural tasks requiring implicit visuo-motor adaptation and cognitive skills [8,37]. Again, this SWS–REM sleep dichotomy does not fit all findings. Regional increases in slow-wave activity were observed following acquisition of a procedural rotation adaptat ...
paradoxical sleep - Bakersfield College
... The results of sleep deprivation studies suggest that the restorative effects of sleep are more important for the brain than for the rest of the body. Sleep deprivation studies with human subjects have provided little evidence that sleep is needed to keep the body functioning normally. ...
... The results of sleep deprivation studies suggest that the restorative effects of sleep are more important for the brain than for the rest of the body. Sleep deprivation studies with human subjects have provided little evidence that sleep is needed to keep the body functioning normally. ...
The ventral striatum in goal-directed behavior and - UvA-DARE
... Experimental animal studies require a different definition of declarative and episodic memory, because animals are not able to make overt reports about what they remember. It has been argued that episodic-like memories should contain at least a “what”, a “where” and a “when” component (Tulving, 1972 ...
... Experimental animal studies require a different definition of declarative and episodic memory, because animals are not able to make overt reports about what they remember. It has been argued that episodic-like memories should contain at least a “what”, a “where” and a “when” component (Tulving, 1972 ...
Sleep-wake cycles: EEG
... desynchronized electrical activity (bwaves) • Sleep: progressively slower, higher voltage and more synchronized electrical activity of the cortex (awaves) • REM-sleep: partial arousal without wakefulness characterized by desynchronized electrical cortical activity, rapid eye movement loss of muscle ...
... desynchronized electrical activity (bwaves) • Sleep: progressively slower, higher voltage and more synchronized electrical activity of the cortex (awaves) • REM-sleep: partial arousal without wakefulness characterized by desynchronized electrical cortical activity, rapid eye movement loss of muscle ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... Achase activity among discrete regions (8). These differences are also observed in smaller brain areas such as discrete nuclei (9). Therefore, the small significant differences (11 to 15%) in enzyme activity obtained in our study may be larger in more restricted brain areas, although to explore this ...
... Achase activity among discrete regions (8). These differences are also observed in smaller brain areas such as discrete nuclei (9). Therefore, the small significant differences (11 to 15%) in enzyme activity obtained in our study may be larger in more restricted brain areas, although to explore this ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... subject’s own name. Their interpretation is that the sleeping brain is able to detect and categorize particular aspects of stimulus significance. The conclusion that the sleeping brain can detect meaningful events in auditory stimuli was underlined by Portas et al. (2000). They showed, by simultaneo ...
... subject’s own name. Their interpretation is that the sleeping brain is able to detect and categorize particular aspects of stimulus significance. The conclusion that the sleeping brain can detect meaningful events in auditory stimuli was underlined by Portas et al. (2000). They showed, by simultaneo ...
Insomnia Algorithm for the Management of Insomnia
... How can bright light therapy help? Bright light therapy works by influencing your body’s circadian rhythm timing It is often used to treat patients coping with: • delayed sleep phase syndrome • early-awakening insomnia • circadian rhythm disorders • jet lag • shift work • Patients ...
... How can bright light therapy help? Bright light therapy works by influencing your body’s circadian rhythm timing It is often used to treat patients coping with: • delayed sleep phase syndrome • early-awakening insomnia • circadian rhythm disorders • jet lag • shift work • Patients ...
Sleep and memory
Memory is the cognitive process whereby experiences, learning and recognition are recalled. Memory “formation” is a product of brain plasticity, the structural changes within synapses that create associations between stimuli. Stimuli are encoded within milliseconds, however the long-term maintenance of memories can take additional minutes, days, or even years to fully consolidate and become a stable memory (more resistant to change or interference). Therefore, the formation of a specific memory occurs rapidly, but the evolution of a memory is often an ongoing process.Memory processes have been shown to be stabilized and enhanced (sped up and/or integrated) by nocturnal sleep and even daytime naps. Certain sleep stages are noted to improve an individual’s memory, although this is task specific. Generally, declarative memories are enhanced by slow-wave sleep, while non-declarative memories are enhanced by rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, although there are some inconsistencies among experimental results.