THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO LOCKE`S ACCOUNT OF
... Some traditional distinctions concerning particles 1. Pinborg (1967, p. 50) has drawn attention to a conception o f the signification of the eight parts of speech that is found in an unpublished commentary Super Priscianum maiorem, writte n b y Robert Kilwardby about 1250, and in many other manuscri ...
... Some traditional distinctions concerning particles 1. Pinborg (1967, p. 50) has drawn attention to a conception o f the signification of the eight parts of speech that is found in an unpublished commentary Super Priscianum maiorem, writte n b y Robert Kilwardby about 1250, and in many other manuscri ...
A response to the essay on Schopenhauer`s
... four different kinds of object, for which four different kinds of reasoning are appropriate, that he loses me. I cannot see any compelling logic behind asserting ‘four different intellectual paths’ which cannot be mixed, then using this as a stick to beat other people’s philosophies with. If these i ...
... four different kinds of object, for which four different kinds of reasoning are appropriate, that he loses me. I cannot see any compelling logic behind asserting ‘four different intellectual paths’ which cannot be mixed, then using this as a stick to beat other people’s philosophies with. If these i ...
Document
... Questioning Is it possible that we have any knowledge at the level of certitude? one of the most difficult subject in epistemology ...
... Questioning Is it possible that we have any knowledge at the level of certitude? one of the most difficult subject in epistemology ...
PHIL 5973: Mental Causation Seminar
... our judgments (and the judgments of experts) regarding valid inference are ultimately based on intuition. Against a), Cohen argues: 1. The principles of comprehensiveness, consistency, and simplicity, by which we evaluate theories, must at least be granted some special status that rests on intuition ...
... our judgments (and the judgments of experts) regarding valid inference are ultimately based on intuition. Against a), Cohen argues: 1. The principles of comprehensiveness, consistency, and simplicity, by which we evaluate theories, must at least be granted some special status that rests on intuition ...
Why Should We Believe Moral Claims?
... more clearly seems to you that the result of measuring the lines is accurate than that the result of eyeballing them is, so you believe the measurement result (this may have to do with background beliefs you have about the reliability of different procedures—which would themselves be based upon the ...
... more clearly seems to you that the result of measuring the lines is accurate than that the result of eyeballing them is, so you believe the measurement result (this may have to do with background beliefs you have about the reliability of different procedures—which would themselves be based upon the ...
Stove`s Discovery of the Worst Argument in the World
... by the same argument for linguistic idealism. Immersion in the semi-idealist tradition long noted in America is sufficient.9 Putnam adduces the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem in symbolic logic in support of that position. The theorem says that a theory, conceived as a set of uninterpreted symbol strings, ...
... by the same argument for linguistic idealism. Immersion in the semi-idealist tradition long noted in America is sufficient.9 Putnam adduces the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem in symbolic logic in support of that position. The theorem says that a theory, conceived as a set of uninterpreted symbol strings, ...
Knowing justice and acting justly What is the source of virtue in
... Plato’s argument in the Republic as a whole develops an account of what the perfect state would be like. How would it be organized? In the next section, we will see that Plato argues that in the perfect state, philosophers must be rulers. This is the main political implication of the theory of the F ...
... Plato’s argument in the Republic as a whole develops an account of what the perfect state would be like. How would it be organized? In the next section, we will see that Plato argues that in the perfect state, philosophers must be rulers. This is the main political implication of the theory of the F ...
06_chapter 2
... At the beginning of the second book of the Novum Organum, we find that Bacon's theory of induction depends on his doctrine of generating natures or cause, but there is no clear explanation of this doctrine. Like Aristotle, Bacon also considered that true science is knowledge of causes. Aristotle's d ...
... At the beginning of the second book of the Novum Organum, we find that Bacon's theory of induction depends on his doctrine of generating natures or cause, but there is no clear explanation of this doctrine. Like Aristotle, Bacon also considered that true science is knowledge of causes. Aristotle's d ...
What Does the Scientist of Man Observe?
... from asking for the grounds of the scientist’s claim to have observed this constant conjunction, and as long as we can ask that question, the original sceptical problem seems simply to come up all over again. After all, these putative observations take place over time, and for the scientist now to c ...
... from asking for the grounds of the scientist’s claim to have observed this constant conjunction, and as long as we can ask that question, the original sceptical problem seems simply to come up all over again. After all, these putative observations take place over time, and for the scientist now to c ...
Social Theory
... formally correct, deductive inferences may nevertheless be empirically false. If either the major or the minor premises, or both, are empirically false, so are the results (consequents). Therefore deductions need to operate in close contact with the two `empirical´ inferences: induction and abductio ...
... formally correct, deductive inferences may nevertheless be empirically false. If either the major or the minor premises, or both, are empirically false, so are the results (consequents). Therefore deductions need to operate in close contact with the two `empirical´ inferences: induction and abductio ...
Julie`s Thoughts On Plato`s Republic (Part 2 of 3) You`ll remember
... see whether they agree or disagree. But b/c most translations leave out or misplace the question marks, a first time reader would hear him asserting these things, instead of merely expressing them for the sake of argument. You have to back up sufficiently to hear his complaints. He does say, rather ...
... see whether they agree or disagree. But b/c most translations leave out or misplace the question marks, a first time reader would hear him asserting these things, instead of merely expressing them for the sake of argument. You have to back up sufficiently to hear his complaints. He does say, rather ...
word: 73Kb
... authors are, at root, at odds with one another over the epistemic question: what are the conditions for certain knowledge? For al-Ghazālī, the habit of knowing brought about by experience is not knowledge of what is necessary; only a knowledge produced by God is certain. For Ibn Rushd, the situation ...
... authors are, at root, at odds with one another over the epistemic question: what are the conditions for certain knowledge? For al-Ghazālī, the habit of knowing brought about by experience is not knowledge of what is necessary; only a knowledge produced by God is certain. For Ibn Rushd, the situation ...
Conscious Experience
... merely the Tatest intellectual fashion. Secondly, the success of such an undertaking is by no means assured. One has to ask: does the concept `consciousness' really define an independent and coherent domain, a subject area that could correspond to an autonomous area of research ? 3 What would be the ...
... merely the Tatest intellectual fashion. Secondly, the success of such an undertaking is by no means assured. One has to ask: does the concept `consciousness' really define an independent and coherent domain, a subject area that could correspond to an autonomous area of research ? 3 What would be the ...
Previous Final Examination Questions
... 4. What was Gaunilo’s objection to Anselm’s claim that a being than which none greater can be thought must exist? 5. How did Aquinas explain how God’s existence is compatible with the existence of evil in the world? 6. Why did Descartes think it necessary to prove that God exists? 7. In what sense d ...
... 4. What was Gaunilo’s objection to Anselm’s claim that a being than which none greater can be thought must exist? 5. How did Aquinas explain how God’s existence is compatible with the existence of evil in the world? 6. Why did Descartes think it necessary to prove that God exists? 7. In what sense d ...
Apr 7
... prapanca), (b) refutations of realism and establishment of Buddhist doctrinces such as no-self, momentariness, and a phenomenalism of ineffable particulars, sva-lakshana, "that which is its own mark," and (c) the silence of the Buddha. Nyaya Epistemology and Science 1. Philosophy as analysis, e.g., ...
... prapanca), (b) refutations of realism and establishment of Buddhist doctrinces such as no-self, momentariness, and a phenomenalism of ineffable particulars, sva-lakshana, "that which is its own mark," and (c) the silence of the Buddha. Nyaya Epistemology and Science 1. Philosophy as analysis, e.g., ...
Prelude
... ethical aspects of the problem of the inescapable self in Chapter 3, on altruism, and Chapter 4, on objectivity. Another aspect of the problem of the inescapable self comes into view in Chapter 4. Descartes’s retreat into the citadel of the certainties of self-consciousness not only puts everything ...
... ethical aspects of the problem of the inescapable self in Chapter 3, on altruism, and Chapter 4, on objectivity. Another aspect of the problem of the inescapable self comes into view in Chapter 4. Descartes’s retreat into the citadel of the certainties of self-consciousness not only puts everything ...
lecture1-Science-Knowledge
... basic cognitive instrument. All cognition is embodied cognition, in both microorganisms and humans (Gärdenfors, Stuart). In more complex cognitive agents, knowledge is built upon not only reasoning about input information, but also on intentional choices, dependent on value systems stored and organi ...
... basic cognitive instrument. All cognition is embodied cognition, in both microorganisms and humans (Gärdenfors, Stuart). In more complex cognitive agents, knowledge is built upon not only reasoning about input information, but also on intentional choices, dependent on value systems stored and organi ...
What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
... one to fly around at dusk and dawn catching insects in one's mouth; that one has very poor vision, and perceives the surrounding world by a system of reflectedhigh-frequencysound signals; and that one spends the day hanging upside down by one's feetin an attic. In so far as I can imagine this (which ...
... one to fly around at dusk and dawn catching insects in one's mouth; that one has very poor vision, and perceives the surrounding world by a system of reflectedhigh-frequencysound signals; and that one spends the day hanging upside down by one's feetin an attic. In so far as I can imagine this (which ...
Frege`s theory of sense
... These arguments for the distinctness of sense and reference also make plain some of the roles that senses should have to play. ...
... These arguments for the distinctness of sense and reference also make plain some of the roles that senses should have to play. ...
Philosophy 515 Frege
... Sameness is a relation between signs of objects, i.e., the relation that two signs have when they denote the same object. “What is intended to be said by ‘a = b’ seems to be that the signs or names ‘a’ and ‘b’ designate the same thing.” (7) — Is that right? “If the sign ‘a’ is distinguished from the ...
... Sameness is a relation between signs of objects, i.e., the relation that two signs have when they denote the same object. “What is intended to be said by ‘a = b’ seems to be that the signs or names ‘a’ and ‘b’ designate the same thing.” (7) — Is that right? “If the sign ‘a’ is distinguished from the ...
Asian Philosophy CH. 10 of AP
... Against the Vaisheshika view that argue that unconscious atoms moving about cannot produce a moral law. In general, Brahman is truth, knowledge, infinite, and blissful. However, these are not qualities of Brahman. For if they were, there would be differences in Brahman, but there cannot be. Brahman ...
... Against the Vaisheshika view that argue that unconscious atoms moving about cannot produce a moral law. In general, Brahman is truth, knowledge, infinite, and blissful. However, these are not qualities of Brahman. For if they were, there would be differences in Brahman, but there cannot be. Brahman ...
The Importance of Being Earnest: Scepticism and the Limits of
... is not refutable, since it is based on the logical possibility of counterfactuals (5.327: “[...] nothing can be proved beyond the possibility of doubt” and “no argument could be legitimately used against an absolute sceptic.”) ...
... is not refutable, since it is based on the logical possibility of counterfactuals (5.327: “[...] nothing can be proved beyond the possibility of doubt” and “no argument could be legitimately used against an absolute sceptic.”) ...
What is Transcendentalism?
... were rebelling against, what they saw as the current situation and therefore as what they were trying to be different from. One way to look at the Transcendentalists is to see them as a generation of well educated people who lived in the decades before the American Civil War and the national divisio ...
... were rebelling against, what they saw as the current situation and therefore as what they were trying to be different from. One way to look at the Transcendentalists is to see them as a generation of well educated people who lived in the decades before the American Civil War and the national divisio ...
M METHO ODOL LOGY
... History and Fiction History studies the past. The past includes anything and everything that has happened before, but such a study involves a certain approach. That is, a historian needs to study not everything that happened in the past, but what could be said about the past. There is a basic dilemm ...
... History and Fiction History studies the past. The past includes anything and everything that has happened before, but such a study involves a certain approach. That is, a historian needs to study not everything that happened in the past, but what could be said about the past. There is a basic dilemm ...
Philosophy 35
... strong philosophical and social transition in Europe. This transition involved the shift from a medieval world-view that emphasized absolute faith in religion, to a rational one that focused on proved truths and scientific thought. Naturally, the Church felt very threatened by these changes which we ...
... strong philosophical and social transition in Europe. This transition involved the shift from a medieval world-view that emphasized absolute faith in religion, to a rational one that focused on proved truths and scientific thought. Naturally, the Church felt very threatened by these changes which we ...
Empiricism
Empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism and skepticism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory experience, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions; empiricists may argue however that traditions (or customs) arise due to relations of previous sense experiences.Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that ""knowledge is based on experience"" and that ""knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification."" One of the epistemological tenets is that sensory experience creates knowledge. The scientific method, including experiments and validated measurement tools, guides empirical research.