lecture1-Science
... As a result of evolution, increasingly complex living organisms arise that are able to survive and adapt to their environment. It means they are able to register inputs (data) from the environment, to structure those into information, and in more developed organisms into knowledge. The evolutionary ...
... As a result of evolution, increasingly complex living organisms arise that are able to survive and adapt to their environment. It means they are able to register inputs (data) from the environment, to structure those into information, and in more developed organisms into knowledge. The evolutionary ...
Bertrand Russell. The World of Universals [The Problems of
... or a triangle. If we wish to avoid the universals whiteness and triangularity, we shall choose some particular patch of white or some particular triangle, and say that anything is white or a triangle if it has the right sort of resemblance to our chosen particular. But then the resemblance required ...
... or a triangle. If we wish to avoid the universals whiteness and triangularity, we shall choose some particular patch of white or some particular triangle, and say that anything is white or a triangle if it has the right sort of resemblance to our chosen particular. But then the resemblance required ...
Purva Mimamsa and Vedanta
... Let us note that the hypothesis cannot be arbitrary. It must be corroborated by experience. The relative certainty of the hypothesis is derived from the fact that the observed phenomenon cannot be explained otherwise. However, we cannot be sure that it cannot be explained otherwise, so we make only ...
... Let us note that the hypothesis cannot be arbitrary. It must be corroborated by experience. The relative certainty of the hypothesis is derived from the fact that the observed phenomenon cannot be explained otherwise. However, we cannot be sure that it cannot be explained otherwise, so we make only ...
Refining Reid`s Principle of Credulity
... Testimony is ignored or, at best, marginalised in modern philosophy. Perceptual knowledge is seen as the best or only kind of knowledge. These assumptions persist to the present day. For example, Dretske (1993, p. 333) writes: ‘Perceptual knowledge is knowledge acquired by or through the senses. Thi ...
... Testimony is ignored or, at best, marginalised in modern philosophy. Perceptual knowledge is seen as the best or only kind of knowledge. These assumptions persist to the present day. For example, Dretske (1993, p. 333) writes: ‘Perceptual knowledge is knowledge acquired by or through the senses. Thi ...
Sometimes I despair of my philosophical colleagues
... indefensible view that our intuitive large-scale picture of the mind is somehow insulated against any threat from by scientific findings. I myself have recently become interested a rather different way in which recent scientific findings threaten to overturn our everyday view of the world. Here the ...
... indefensible view that our intuitive large-scale picture of the mind is somehow insulated against any threat from by scientific findings. I myself have recently become interested a rather different way in which recent scientific findings threaten to overturn our everyday view of the world. Here the ...
Hume`s Source of the “Impression
... The mind, according to Hume, readily and naturally distinguishes the variations of degree between impressions and ideas, as it clearly perceives the differences when one is feeling, remembering, imagining, and thinking, even if in particular circumstances impressions and ideas may very nearly approa ...
... The mind, according to Hume, readily and naturally distinguishes the variations of degree between impressions and ideas, as it clearly perceives the differences when one is feeling, remembering, imagining, and thinking, even if in particular circumstances impressions and ideas may very nearly approa ...
Microsoft Word - Verificationismx
... larger number of throws. And this is always true, no matter how many times you roll the die. So a falsification principle that requires a meaningful statement to entail some decisive, refuting empirical experience is unacceptable. Many meaningful statements do not clearly entail an observation with ...
... larger number of throws. And this is always true, no matter how many times you roll the die. So a falsification principle that requires a meaningful statement to entail some decisive, refuting empirical experience is unacceptable. Many meaningful statements do not clearly entail an observation with ...
Process Ontology in Early American Pragmatism, Buddhism, and
... that nothing lasts forever. Everything is impermanent. There is no eternal substance. All things change. This is essentially an empirical observation that as Ken Inada states, focuses “on the nature of experiential reality” (233). This is no secret, but even though we see change everywhere we look, ...
... that nothing lasts forever. Everything is impermanent. There is no eternal substance. All things change. This is essentially an empirical observation that as Ken Inada states, focuses “on the nature of experiential reality” (233). This is no secret, but even though we see change everywhere we look, ...
Pragmatism Lite - NYU Philosophy
... does both. But in this he is multiply confused. There are two distinct ways of reading the claim that ideas are not out there but are rather tools, depending on whether one takes it to be making a point about what beliefs are or a point about how beliefs are caused. Menand never sufficiently recogni ...
... does both. But in this he is multiply confused. There are two distinct ways of reading the claim that ideas are not out there but are rather tools, depending on whether one takes it to be making a point about what beliefs are or a point about how beliefs are caused. Menand never sufficiently recogni ...
Divisibility
... 2008). Berkeley in fact seems to use both arguments in his work. But this latter argument is dependent upon an unjustified restriction of our ability to conceptualize, one which in fact contradicts our general experience. We can in fact conceive of being independent from being perceived. With that ...
... 2008). Berkeley in fact seems to use both arguments in his work. But this latter argument is dependent upon an unjustified restriction of our ability to conceptualize, one which in fact contradicts our general experience. We can in fact conceive of being independent from being perceived. With that ...
Glossary - Oxford University Press
... that discloses the cause or causes. Causation is intuitively a relation of dependence between events. The event that is caused, the effect, depends for its occurrence on the cause. It wouldn’t have happened without it. The occurrence of the cause explains the effect. Once we see that the cause happe ...
... that discloses the cause or causes. Causation is intuitively a relation of dependence between events. The event that is caused, the effect, depends for its occurrence on the cause. It wouldn’t have happened without it. The occurrence of the cause explains the effect. Once we see that the cause happe ...
Subjectivity, Objectivity, Intersubjectivity: Phenomenology and
... ineliminable differences between the two ways of thinking. Certainly, this is due partly to the common tradition to which the two “movements” belong, but a deeper explanation lies in the problems themselves: they are such that occur in any attempt at understanding human experience. To be sure, this ...
... ineliminable differences between the two ways of thinking. Certainly, this is due partly to the common tradition to which the two “movements” belong, but a deeper explanation lies in the problems themselves: they are such that occur in any attempt at understanding human experience. To be sure, this ...
Wittgenstein`s Conception of Ethics
... Abstract: Wittgenstein’s early philosophy of language is shown to be inspired by the idea of a notation, i.e. by the idea of a symbol system that is different from pictures as well as from natural languages (discursive symbol systems). Seeing this allows us to reject the claim that for the sole reas ...
... Abstract: Wittgenstein’s early philosophy of language is shown to be inspired by the idea of a notation, i.e. by the idea of a symbol system that is different from pictures as well as from natural languages (discursive symbol systems). Seeing this allows us to reject the claim that for the sole reas ...
Sartre-How Do We Get From Nothingnes to Freedom
... experienced the sights, sounds and sensual experiences that are to be had. He returns to a boring northern French town, based on pre-war Le Havre, to consider his position. Put prosaically, he is facing a career change. He wants to give up his former loose living, free wheeling existence, but doesn’ ...
... experienced the sights, sounds and sensual experiences that are to be had. He returns to a boring northern French town, based on pre-war Le Havre, to consider his position. Put prosaically, he is facing a career change. He wants to give up his former loose living, free wheeling existence, but doesn’ ...
modern western philosophy BA PHILOSOPHY VI SEMESTER
... a whole in which room will be found for such of the values of art, morality, and religion as can be shown to be consonant with the established results of scientific investigation. But it is necessary to disclose facts as they may be, and to learn to live as well as possible in the light of this know ...
... a whole in which room will be found for such of the values of art, morality, and religion as can be shown to be consonant with the established results of scientific investigation. But it is necessary to disclose facts as they may be, and to learn to live as well as possible in the light of this know ...
glossary of philosophical terms
... from analogy needs to defend the relevance of the known analogies to the argued for analogies. analytic and synthetic Analytic statements are those that are true (or false) in virtue of the way the ideas or meanings in them fit together. A standard example is “No bachelor is married.” This is true s ...
... from analogy needs to defend the relevance of the known analogies to the argued for analogies. analytic and synthetic Analytic statements are those that are true (or false) in virtue of the way the ideas or meanings in them fit together. A standard example is “No bachelor is married.” This is true s ...
Juxtaposition powerpoint
... L-Boogie spars with stars and constellations Then came down for a little conversation Adjacent to the king, fear no human being Roll with cherubims to Nassau Coliseum Now hear this mixture, where Hip Hop meets scripture Develop a negative into a positive picture ...
... L-Boogie spars with stars and constellations Then came down for a little conversation Adjacent to the king, fear no human being Roll with cherubims to Nassau Coliseum Now hear this mixture, where Hip Hop meets scripture Develop a negative into a positive picture ...
PlatoX6_Commentary-_..
... it can only be educed from them through dialectic. “When something is good, it is so because that thing partakes of an archetypal essence of goodness that is absolute and perfect, that exists on a timeless level that transcends its passing particular manifestation, and that is accessible only to the ...
... it can only be educed from them through dialectic. “When something is good, it is so because that thing partakes of an archetypal essence of goodness that is absolute and perfect, that exists on a timeless level that transcends its passing particular manifestation, and that is accessible only to the ...
Descartes` Three Proofs of God
... according to which the images that our ideas depict function as the content of our thoughts. As a corollary, he also holds a sort of picture theory of meaning. Thus, he says “ideas are merely modes of thought” (AT 7.40). Today, most philosophers reject this simplistic account of semantics. We have m ...
... according to which the images that our ideas depict function as the content of our thoughts. As a corollary, he also holds a sort of picture theory of meaning. Thus, he says “ideas are merely modes of thought” (AT 7.40). Today, most philosophers reject this simplistic account of semantics. We have m ...
Lecture 1
... inductivist position came from Newton himself. Epitomizing this position in the General Scholium of his Principia, Newton says, „What is not deduced from phenomena (observations) is to be called a hypothesis; and hypothesis, whether metaphysical or physical, whether on occult qualities or mechanical ...
... inductivist position came from Newton himself. Epitomizing this position in the General Scholium of his Principia, Newton says, „What is not deduced from phenomena (observations) is to be called a hypothesis; and hypothesis, whether metaphysical or physical, whether on occult qualities or mechanical ...
Quine. “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” - University of San Diego Home
... analytic statement is that limiting case which is confirmed no matter what. • Statement synonymy is said to be likeness of method of empirical confirmation or infirmation…[What] is the nature of the relationship between a statement and the experiences which contribute to or detract from its confirma ...
... analytic statement is that limiting case which is confirmed no matter what. • Statement synonymy is said to be likeness of method of empirical confirmation or infirmation…[What] is the nature of the relationship between a statement and the experiences which contribute to or detract from its confirma ...
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
... According to Frege’s theory of meaning, what is the relationship between any given linguistic expression (such as the word “sings”) and its sense? a. The two are unrelated. b. Every speaker gets to decide to which sense any given linguistic expression corresponds. c. The sense of a term is related b ...
... According to Frege’s theory of meaning, what is the relationship between any given linguistic expression (such as the word “sings”) and its sense? a. The two are unrelated. b. Every speaker gets to decide to which sense any given linguistic expression corresponds. c. The sense of a term is related b ...
Descartes vision of Philosophy Methodic Doubt and the Cogito
... • About method: what is the best/appropriate way to acquire knowledge and learn the truth? Is it by group efforts, based on shared beliefs and common-knowledge, and relying on agreement and universal acceptance? [Socratic Dialectic] Or is it by individual efforts that shun the views of others and bo ...
... • About method: what is the best/appropriate way to acquire knowledge and learn the truth? Is it by group efforts, based on shared beliefs and common-knowledge, and relying on agreement and universal acceptance? [Socratic Dialectic] Or is it by individual efforts that shun the views of others and bo ...
What is immediate perception? The Buddhist answer
... Is the immediacy of our knowledge an epistemological ideal or merely a psychological reassurance that our senses don’t misguide us? If we disregard immediacy in favour of other means to determine all of our knowledge including sensation, how can we discern sensation from knowledge? Conversely, if we ...
... Is the immediacy of our knowledge an epistemological ideal or merely a psychological reassurance that our senses don’t misguide us? If we disregard immediacy in favour of other means to determine all of our knowledge including sensation, how can we discern sensation from knowledge? Conversely, if we ...
Empiricism
Empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism and skepticism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory experience, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions; empiricists may argue however that traditions (or customs) arise due to relations of previous sense experiences.Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that ""knowledge is based on experience"" and that ""knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification."" One of the epistemological tenets is that sensory experience creates knowledge. The scientific method, including experiments and validated measurement tools, guides empirical research.