Airway Epithelial Surfaces Neutrophil Capture and Killing Bacteria
... impairs airway mucus clearance, which initiates bacterial infection. However, airways have other mechanisms to prevent bacterial infection, including neutrophil-mediated killing. Therefore, we examined whether neutrophil motility and bacterial capture and killing functions are impaired in thickened ...
... impairs airway mucus clearance, which initiates bacterial infection. However, airways have other mechanisms to prevent bacterial infection, including neutrophil-mediated killing. Therefore, we examined whether neutrophil motility and bacterial capture and killing functions are impaired in thickened ...
The Role of Macrophages in the Placenta
... signaling is absent. Stimulation of macrophages with IL-4 and IL-13 (cytokines produced by induced CD4+ Th2 and CD8+ Tc2 cells, NK cells, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils) results in “alternative activation“ of macrophages . These “alternatively activated“ macrophages were first termed M2 macropha ...
... signaling is absent. Stimulation of macrophages with IL-4 and IL-13 (cytokines produced by induced CD4+ Th2 and CD8+ Tc2 cells, NK cells, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils) results in “alternative activation“ of macrophages . These “alternatively activated“ macrophages were first termed M2 macropha ...
Platelets: versatile effector cells in hemostasis, inflammation, and the
... Platelets are anucleate myeloid blood cells that are unique to mammals. They are extremely versatile effectors of hemostasis, inflammation, and immune activity with specialized roles in host defense, response to injury, and immune surveillance. The concept that platelets are essential for hemostasis ...
... Platelets are anucleate myeloid blood cells that are unique to mammals. They are extremely versatile effectors of hemostasis, inflammation, and immune activity with specialized roles in host defense, response to injury, and immune surveillance. The concept that platelets are essential for hemostasis ...
Role of extracellular ATP in immunity and intestinal defence
... profound anti-inflammatory effects. Despite recent development of targeted biological therapies, methotrexate is still one of the most commonly prescribed disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the first-line treatment of RA today [24]. Methotrexate is also frequently applied as an immuno ...
... profound anti-inflammatory effects. Despite recent development of targeted biological therapies, methotrexate is still one of the most commonly prescribed disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the first-line treatment of RA today [24]. Methotrexate is also frequently applied as an immuno ...
Acid Phosphatase in Gaucher`s Disease
... disease manifests itself several months after birth and usually results in death from anoxia or respiratory infection before the age of two. Juvenile, or type 3, subacute neuronopathic Gaucher’s disease is relatively rare. Although the symptomatology varies, patients with this form of the disease ha ...
... disease manifests itself several months after birth and usually results in death from anoxia or respiratory infection before the age of two. Juvenile, or type 3, subacute neuronopathic Gaucher’s disease is relatively rare. Although the symptomatology varies, patients with this form of the disease ha ...
... [58]. At present, the most important deactivating cytokines are IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). IL-4 has an intermediate position, since some macrophage functions are induced by IL-4 (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression) and others are inhibited, e.g. production ...
Lung fluid restriction affects growth but not airway branching of
... with bumetanide or furosemide. These agents stop active CI' secretion by inhibiting Na.-coupled CI' co-transport across the basolateral cell membrane (Widdicombi et a/., 1983; Cassin et al., 1986). 8umetanide reduced lumen patency in a dose-dependent manner (not shown). The lumen area of 12-day lung ...
... with bumetanide or furosemide. These agents stop active CI' secretion by inhibiting Na.-coupled CI' co-transport across the basolateral cell membrane (Widdicombi et a/., 1983; Cassin et al., 1986). 8umetanide reduced lumen patency in a dose-dependent manner (not shown). The lumen area of 12-day lung ...
Mechanisms of cross-talk between G-protein
... receptors), which are characterized by the presence of seven transmembrane domains. Typically, those receptors able to activate PLC (phospholipase C) enzymes cause release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and influence Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. It has been well documented that Ca2+ sig ...
... receptors), which are characterized by the presence of seven transmembrane domains. Typically, those receptors able to activate PLC (phospholipase C) enzymes cause release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and influence Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. It has been well documented that Ca2+ sig ...
Human Eosinophils from Transport-Mediated Release of Preformed
... in allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reactions in atopic subjects (15, 19), human blood-derived eosinophils are a major potential source of IL-4. Because eosinophils contain preformed IL-4, the mechanisms to mobilize IL-4 from specific granule storage sites for its extracellular release need to ...
... in allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reactions in atopic subjects (15, 19), human blood-derived eosinophils are a major potential source of IL-4. Because eosinophils contain preformed IL-4, the mechanisms to mobilize IL-4 from specific granule storage sites for its extracellular release need to ...
Leukotriene B4 Triggers the In Vitro and In Vivo
... cells, CD8⫹ T cells, and PMN and exert their effects through an unknown receptor. Activated PMN not only secrete antimicrobial peptides/enzymes and chemokines/cytokines but also bioactive lipids. One important and well characterized lipid is leukotriene (LT) B4, a tetraunsaturated 20-carbon chain fa ...
... cells, CD8⫹ T cells, and PMN and exert their effects through an unknown receptor. Activated PMN not only secrete antimicrobial peptides/enzymes and chemokines/cytokines but also bioactive lipids. One important and well characterized lipid is leukotriene (LT) B4, a tetraunsaturated 20-carbon chain fa ...
Collagen in the Human Lung
... cells, manifested by an increase in the rate of incorporation of amino acids into collagen compared to noncollagen lung proteins. As the rabbit matures, the relative rate of collagen synthesis returns to a low level which continues throughout life (4). Analysis of the collagen synthesized by neonata ...
... cells, manifested by an increase in the rate of incorporation of amino acids into collagen compared to noncollagen lung proteins. As the rabbit matures, the relative rate of collagen synthesis returns to a low level which continues throughout life (4). Analysis of the collagen synthesized by neonata ...
Insoluble and soluble immune complexes activate neutrophils by
... receptor signalling pathways. In particular, to determine the circumstances which result in the secretion of tissue damaging reactive oxygen metabolites and granule enzymes. Methods: Blood neutrophils were incubated with synthetic soluble and insoluble immune complexes and the ability to generate re ...
... receptor signalling pathways. In particular, to determine the circumstances which result in the secretion of tissue damaging reactive oxygen metabolites and granule enzymes. Methods: Blood neutrophils were incubated with synthetic soluble and insoluble immune complexes and the ability to generate re ...
Development of an Antigen-independent Affinity Assay to Study the
... response. In this way FcγRs are important links between the humoral and cellular parts of the immune system. Three families of FcγRs have been identified in human, FcγRI, FcγRII and FcγRIII. FcγRI has high affinity for IgG and is the only receptor capable of binding IgG in monomeric form. The other ...
... response. In this way FcγRs are important links between the humoral and cellular parts of the immune system. Three families of FcγRs have been identified in human, FcγRI, FcγRII and FcγRIII. FcγRI has high affinity for IgG and is the only receptor capable of binding IgG in monomeric form. The other ...
Creation of a Selective Antagonist and Agonist of the Rat VPAC1
... Received April 17, 2000; accepted July 17, 2000 ...
... Received April 17, 2000; accepted July 17, 2000 ...
Differential Expression of the Melatonin Receptor in Human
... bination of MLT and IL-2, compared with IL-2 alone, increases the number of T lymphocytes, NK cells, and eosinophils (18, 24 –26). In addition to its immunoregulatory properties, MLT displays oncostatic properties (27–30). For instance, MLT induces the antitumoral functions of human monocytes in vit ...
... bination of MLT and IL-2, compared with IL-2 alone, increases the number of T lymphocytes, NK cells, and eosinophils (18, 24 –26). In addition to its immunoregulatory properties, MLT displays oncostatic properties (27–30). For instance, MLT induces the antitumoral functions of human monocytes in vit ...
Intracellular Localization of Interleukin-6 in
... involved in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.11,12 Elevated levels of circulating IL-6 were observed in asthmatic subjects (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) compared with normal controls. IL-6 levels were further increased during natural exacerbation of asthma compared with asymptomatic per ...
... involved in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.11,12 Elevated levels of circulating IL-6 were observed in asthmatic subjects (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) compared with normal controls. IL-6 levels were further increased during natural exacerbation of asthma compared with asymptomatic per ...
The Hype on the Endothelin Signaling System Muscarinic Receptor
... that these cells are at the health checkpoint of retinal neurons and perhaps do so by sensing a neuron-derived signaling molecule released by damaged or healthy neurons21. Briefly, this possibility was assessed by using mouse retina subjected by a severe light insult (consequently leading to retinal ...
... that these cells are at the health checkpoint of retinal neurons and perhaps do so by sensing a neuron-derived signaling molecule released by damaged or healthy neurons21. Briefly, this possibility was assessed by using mouse retina subjected by a severe light insult (consequently leading to retinal ...
Receptors Distinct Parasite Molecules and Host Chemoattractant
... Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of evolutionarily conserved transmembrane molecules that recognize specific molecular patterns associated with microbes. There are 10 TLR family members that together recognize a diverse collection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Recognition by TLR i ...
... Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of evolutionarily conserved transmembrane molecules that recognize specific molecular patterns associated with microbes. There are 10 TLR family members that together recognize a diverse collection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Recognition by TLR i ...
Recent developments in basophil research
... LT = leukotriene OVA = ovalbumin PAF = platelet-activating factor PAR = protease-activated receptor RA = retinoic acid SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus TLR = toll-like receptor TSLP = thymic stromal lymphopoietin VEGF = vaso-endothelial growth factor ...
... LT = leukotriene OVA = ovalbumin PAF = platelet-activating factor PAR = protease-activated receptor RA = retinoic acid SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus TLR = toll-like receptor TSLP = thymic stromal lymphopoietin VEGF = vaso-endothelial growth factor ...
Cytological Fixation by Chromic Acid and Dichromates By W. G.
... acid and its salts is well established (Neuss and Riemann, 1934; Dole, 1941). The same instrument was used for the oxidation potential measurements with a gold electrode and the saturated-potassium chloride calomel reference electrode. The determinations were also made in triplicate, at room tempera ...
... acid and its salts is well established (Neuss and Riemann, 1934; Dole, 1941). The same instrument was used for the oxidation potential measurements with a gold electrode and the saturated-potassium chloride calomel reference electrode. The determinations were also made in triplicate, at room tempera ...
Molecular Characterization of the Melanin
... Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH; NH2-Asp-PheAsp-Met-Leu-Arg-Cys-Met-Leu-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-ProCys-Trp-Gln-Val-COOH) is a cyclic hypothalamic neuropeptide that was first characterized in the chum salmon pituitary as a hormone responsible for color changes in response to environmental backgrounds ...
... Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH; NH2-Asp-PheAsp-Met-Leu-Arg-Cys-Met-Leu-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-ProCys-Trp-Gln-Val-COOH) is a cyclic hypothalamic neuropeptide that was first characterized in the chum salmon pituitary as a hormone responsible for color changes in response to environmental backgrounds ...
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine neutrophil production
... killing by PMN are the most effective defenses against establishment of bacterial infection. In addition to their phagocytic and bactericidal properties, PMN may play a key supportive role through secretion of cytokines during the innate immune response. We sought to determine whether bovine PMN prod ...
... killing by PMN are the most effective defenses against establishment of bacterial infection. In addition to their phagocytic and bactericidal properties, PMN may play a key supportive role through secretion of cytokines during the innate immune response. We sought to determine whether bovine PMN prod ...
NIH Public Access
... The molecular requirements for the multistep paradigm of neutrophil recruitment, depicted in Figure 1, have primarily been derived from the real-time analysis of postcapillary venules in the transparent cremaster muscle or mesentery using intravital microscopy (IVM) (32). However, in autoimmune dise ...
... The molecular requirements for the multistep paradigm of neutrophil recruitment, depicted in Figure 1, have primarily been derived from the real-time analysis of postcapillary venules in the transparent cremaster muscle or mesentery using intravital microscopy (IVM) (32). However, in autoimmune dise ...
Microbe-induced apoptosis in phagocytic cells and its role in innate immunity Robert Blomgran
... (E. coli), or skin (S. aures), the bacteria are recognized by different innate receptor molecules and inflammation is induced. It is not only the direct effect of released bacterial products (LPS and formylated peptides etc.), but also the generation and release of inflammatory mediators that lead t ...
... (E. coli), or skin (S. aures), the bacteria are recognized by different innate receptor molecules and inflammation is induced. It is not only the direct effect of released bacterial products (LPS and formylated peptides etc.), but also the generation and release of inflammatory mediators that lead t ...
Strategies of professional phagocytes in vivo
... The early control of potentially invading microbes by our immune system primarily depends on its main professional phagocytes – macrophages and neutrophils. Although the different functions of these two cell types have been extensively studied, little is known about their respective contributions to ...
... The early control of potentially invading microbes by our immune system primarily depends on its main professional phagocytes – macrophages and neutrophils. Although the different functions of these two cell types have been extensively studied, little is known about their respective contributions to ...