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Polarization controllable Fresnel lens using dye
... states for odd and even zones. The lens possesses the properties of being scattering free, having a very low operating voltage (~5Vrms), producing zero and first focus orders that can be separated, having adjustable diffraction efficiency, and having controllable polarization control. The ease with ...
... states for odd and even zones. The lens possesses the properties of being scattering free, having a very low operating voltage (~5Vrms), producing zero and first focus orders that can be separated, having adjustable diffraction efficiency, and having controllable polarization control. The ease with ...
2004 NEACS Ashdown Exam 1. The allotrope of carbon shown to
... 65. Ka for hydrofluoric acid is 6.9 x 10-4. What is the K for the reaction? F-(aq) + H2O(l) Æ HF(aq) + OH-(aq) (A) 6.9 x 10-11 (B) 1.4 x 10-11 (C) 2.6 x 10-9 (D) 8.3 x 10-6 66. Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, has two pKa values, 1.25 and 4.27. A 0.100 M solution of oxalic acid was titrated with a 0.100 M solut ...
... 65. Ka for hydrofluoric acid is 6.9 x 10-4. What is the K for the reaction? F-(aq) + H2O(l) Æ HF(aq) + OH-(aq) (A) 6.9 x 10-11 (B) 1.4 x 10-11 (C) 2.6 x 10-9 (D) 8.3 x 10-6 66. Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, has two pKa values, 1.25 and 4.27. A 0.100 M solution of oxalic acid was titrated with a 0.100 M solut ...
PHASES OF MATTER -4 PHASE DIAGRAMS
... • In a phase diagram, phases are separated by lines that represent equilibrium between those phases. • Critical temperature (Tc) – the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by application of pressure • Critical pressure (Pc) – the pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas at Tc. • S ...
... • In a phase diagram, phases are separated by lines that represent equilibrium between those phases. • Critical temperature (Tc) – the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by application of pressure • Critical pressure (Pc) – the pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas at Tc. • S ...
Exercises to the Textbook “Physical Chemistry from
... The reaction between barium carbonate and diluted nitric acid mentioned in Exercise 1.1.8 takes place in an open beaker (at 25 °C and 100 kPa). a) Calculate at first the increase ΔV in volume when 20 g of carbonate are used. We imagine that the produced carbon dioxide gas drives back the air over it ...
... The reaction between barium carbonate and diluted nitric acid mentioned in Exercise 1.1.8 takes place in an open beaker (at 25 °C and 100 kPa). a) Calculate at first the increase ΔV in volume when 20 g of carbonate are used. We imagine that the produced carbon dioxide gas drives back the air over it ...
2014 Academic Challenge Sectional Chemistry Exam Solution Set 1
... nature of the reaction requires EAfwd to be less than EArev. It is not required that this obey a first order rate law or be a gas phase reaction (B or D). The dissociation of chlorine gas into chlorine atoms would be an endothermic reaction due to the bond breaking (C). There are no intermediates in ...
... nature of the reaction requires EAfwd to be less than EArev. It is not required that this obey a first order rate law or be a gas phase reaction (B or D). The dissociation of chlorine gas into chlorine atoms would be an endothermic reaction due to the bond breaking (C). There are no intermediates in ...
The Liquid State
... Three different phases of matter are familiar to us - solid, liquid and gas. Liquids and gases flow while a solid under normal conditions does not. A solid retains its shape while a fluid (a collective name for gases and liquids) will take the shape of the containing vessel. In other words a solid i ...
... Three different phases of matter are familiar to us - solid, liquid and gas. Liquids and gases flow while a solid under normal conditions does not. A solid retains its shape while a fluid (a collective name for gases and liquids) will take the shape of the containing vessel. In other words a solid i ...
2009 - NESACS
... 69. In the diagram to the right, the smaller filled circles represent electrons. The larger filled circles represent Si atoms. The patterned circle represents a doping atom. What type of semi-conductor is shown in this diagram? A. a gallium-doped p-type silicon semi-conductor B. a gallium-doped n-ty ...
... 69. In the diagram to the right, the smaller filled circles represent electrons. The larger filled circles represent Si atoms. The patterned circle represents a doping atom. What type of semi-conductor is shown in this diagram? A. a gallium-doped p-type silicon semi-conductor B. a gallium-doped n-ty ...
CHEMISTRY 313 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I Additional Problems for
... with its vapor in a closed vessel. (a) How many phases and components are present. (b) What is the variance of the system? Identify the independent variables. III.10. Suppose that the solution referred to in Problem III.9 is not saturated. (a) How many phases and components are present. (b) What is ...
... with its vapor in a closed vessel. (a) How many phases and components are present. (b) What is the variance of the system? Identify the independent variables. III.10. Suppose that the solution referred to in Problem III.9 is not saturated. (a) How many phases and components are present. (b) What is ...
Physical Setting/Chemistry Examination
... “Boiling Point (K).” [1] 55 On the same grid, plot the data from the data table. Circle and connect the points. [1] 56 Based on the data in the table, state the relationship between the boiling point at 1 atmosphere and molar mass for these four substances. [1] 57 State, in terms of intermolecular f ...
... “Boiling Point (K).” [1] 55 On the same grid, plot the data from the data table. Circle and connect the points. [1] 56 Based on the data in the table, state the relationship between the boiling point at 1 atmosphere and molar mass for these four substances. [1] 57 State, in terms of intermolecular f ...
Chapter 9 Atomic Absorption and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
... Fig. 9-10a shows the emission spectrum of a typical atomic lamp source. With a suitable filter or monochromator, all but one of these lines are removed. Fig. 9-10b shows the absorption spectrum for the analyte between wavelengths 1 and 2. Passage of the line from the source through the flame redu ...
... Fig. 9-10a shows the emission spectrum of a typical atomic lamp source. With a suitable filter or monochromator, all but one of these lines are removed. Fig. 9-10b shows the absorption spectrum for the analyte between wavelengths 1 and 2. Passage of the line from the source through the flame redu ...
Atomic and molecular vibrations correspond to excited
... pressure level. Winds aloft are determined from the precision radar tracking of the instrument package. The altitudes of these levels are calculated using an equation (the hypsometric equation) that relates the vertical height of a layer to the mean layer temperature, the humidity of the layer and t ...
... pressure level. Winds aloft are determined from the precision radar tracking of the instrument package. The altitudes of these levels are calculated using an equation (the hypsometric equation) that relates the vertical height of a layer to the mean layer temperature, the humidity of the layer and t ...
The Atmosphere Atmospheric structure
... pressure level. Winds aloft are determined from the precision radar tracking of the instrument package. The altitudes of these levels are calculated using an equation (the hypsometric equation) that relates the vertical height of a layer to the mean layer temperature, the humidity of the layer and t ...
... pressure level. Winds aloft are determined from the precision radar tracking of the instrument package. The altitudes of these levels are calculated using an equation (the hypsometric equation) that relates the vertical height of a layer to the mean layer temperature, the humidity of the layer and t ...
CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview The word LASER
... emission cross section of Nd:YAG crystals at the major line of 1064 nm pumped by diode lasers. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the main lines of quasi three level lines at 938 and 946 nm wavelengths induced by a flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG laser. Therefore, in t ...
... emission cross section of Nd:YAG crystals at the major line of 1064 nm pumped by diode lasers. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the main lines of quasi three level lines at 938 and 946 nm wavelengths induced by a flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG laser. Therefore, in t ...
The Atmosphere
... pressure level. Winds aloft are determined from the precision radar tracking of the instrument package. The altitudes of these levels are calculated using an equation (the hypsometric equation) that relates the vertical height of a layer to the mean layer temperature, the humidity of the layer and t ...
... pressure level. Winds aloft are determined from the precision radar tracking of the instrument package. The altitudes of these levels are calculated using an equation (the hypsometric equation) that relates the vertical height of a layer to the mean layer temperature, the humidity of the layer and t ...
Analytical Chemistry/Pharmaceutical Analysis
... analyzed until some equivalence point is reached. Often the amount of material in the solution being analyzed may be determined. Most familiar technique of volumetric analysis is the acid-base titration involving a color changing indicator. There are many other types of titrations, for example poten ...
... analyzed until some equivalence point is reached. Often the amount of material in the solution being analyzed may be determined. Most familiar technique of volumetric analysis is the acid-base titration involving a color changing indicator. There are many other types of titrations, for example poten ...
Anti-Stokes luminescence cooling of Tm3+doped
... The first experimental demonstration was made in 1995, in which a cw titanium sapphire laser (λ = 1015 nm) pumped Yb 3+ atoms doped in a heavy-metal-fluoride glass (ZBLAN) leading to a net temperature reduction of about 0.3 degrees [2]. The cooling record has since been pushed to an absolute tempera ...
... The first experimental demonstration was made in 1995, in which a cw titanium sapphire laser (λ = 1015 nm) pumped Yb 3+ atoms doped in a heavy-metal-fluoride glass (ZBLAN) leading to a net temperature reduction of about 0.3 degrees [2]. The cooling record has since been pushed to an absolute tempera ...
Chapter 1
... Thermodynamics was originally formulated by physicists and engineers interested in the efficiency of steam engines. ...
... Thermodynamics was originally formulated by physicists and engineers interested in the efficiency of steam engines. ...
Multiple Choice Practice. A) P B) S C) Cl D) Li E) 1 F 1. Has the
... A) The vapor pressure of the solid phase equals the vapor pressure of the liquid phase B) The temperature is 0.01K lower than the normal melting point C) The liquid and gas phases have the same density and are therefore indistinguishable D) The solid phase melts if the pressure increases at constan ...
... A) The vapor pressure of the solid phase equals the vapor pressure of the liquid phase B) The temperature is 0.01K lower than the normal melting point C) The liquid and gas phases have the same density and are therefore indistinguishable D) The solid phase melts if the pressure increases at constan ...
final-H-2006-07-v1
... a. moles of reactant compared to moles product b. moles of acid compared to moles of base c. moles of substance compared to total moles 74. A solution which, upon mixing for a long period of time, still contains undissolved particles is most likely a(n) _____ solution. a. supersaturated b. unsaturat ...
... a. moles of reactant compared to moles product b. moles of acid compared to moles of base c. moles of substance compared to total moles 74. A solution which, upon mixing for a long period of time, still contains undissolved particles is most likely a(n) _____ solution. a. supersaturated b. unsaturat ...
final-H-2006-07-v2
... 75. Solution concentration expressed as moles of solute/kilogram of solvent is known as a. molarity c. mole fraction b. molality d. millimolarity 76. Molarity can be described as a. a measure of concentration b. moles of solute per liter of solution c. a constant ratio between solute and solvent d. ...
... 75. Solution concentration expressed as moles of solute/kilogram of solvent is known as a. molarity c. mole fraction b. molality d. millimolarity 76. Molarity can be described as a. a measure of concentration b. moles of solute per liter of solution c. a constant ratio between solute and solvent d. ...
quiz questions chapters 1
... Which of the following is true about the scientific method? A) A hypothesis is a set of observations that are explained by an experiment. B) Researchers design experiments to prove the conclusions they have already reached. C) The purpose of performing an experiment is to confirm or contradict a hyp ...
... Which of the following is true about the scientific method? A) A hypothesis is a set of observations that are explained by an experiment. B) Researchers design experiments to prove the conclusions they have already reached. C) The purpose of performing an experiment is to confirm or contradict a hyp ...
Laser Beam Welding
... Welding (LBW) is a fusion joining process that produces coalescence of materials with the heat obtained from a concentrated beam of coherent, monochromatic light impinging on the joint to be welded. In the LBM process, the laser beam is directed by flat optical elements, such as mirrors and then foc ...
... Welding (LBW) is a fusion joining process that produces coalescence of materials with the heat obtained from a concentrated beam of coherent, monochromatic light impinging on the joint to be welded. In the LBM process, the laser beam is directed by flat optical elements, such as mirrors and then foc ...
Interactive comment on “Energy of plate tectonics calculation and
... REPLY: Yes, that is true that we usually assume that viscous flow in the asthenosphere is incompressible. However, that does not mean that it does not flow in response to pressure gradients. Water is also incompressible, but it will move out of the way if you push on it. The asthenosphere DOES flow ...
... REPLY: Yes, that is true that we usually assume that viscous flow in the asthenosphere is incompressible. However, that does not mean that it does not flow in response to pressure gradients. Water is also incompressible, but it will move out of the way if you push on it. The asthenosphere DOES flow ...
Exam #2
... 44. The metal calcium reacts with molecular hydrogen to form a compound. All of the following statements concerning this compound are true EXCEPT: (A) Its formula is CaH2. (B) It is ionic. (C) It is solid at room temperatur(E) (D) When added to water, it reacts to produce H2 gas. (E) When added to w ...
... 44. The metal calcium reacts with molecular hydrogen to form a compound. All of the following statements concerning this compound are true EXCEPT: (A) Its formula is CaH2. (B) It is ionic. (C) It is solid at room temperatur(E) (D) When added to water, it reacts to produce H2 gas. (E) When added to w ...
Diamond anvil cell
A diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a device used in scientific experiments. It allows compressing a small (sub-millimeter-sized) piece of material to extreme pressures, which can exceed 600 gigapascals (6,000,000 bars / 6 million atmospheres).The device has been used to recreate the pressure existing deep inside planets, creating materials and phases not observed under normal conditions. Notable examples include the non-molecular ice X, polymeric nitrogen and metallic xenon (an inert gas at lower pressures).A DAC consists of two opposing diamonds with a sample compressed between the culets (tips). Pressure may be monitored using a reference material whose behavior under pressure is known. Common pressure standards include ruby fluorescence, and various structurally simple metals, such as copper or platinum. The uniaxial pressure supplied by the DAC may be transformed into uniform hydrostatic pressure using a pressure transmitting medium, such as argon, xenon, hydrogen, helium, paraffin oil or a mixture of methanol and ethanol. The pressure-transmitting medium is enclosed by a gasket and the two diamond anvils. The sample can be viewed through the diamonds and illuminated by X-rays and visible light. In this way, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence; optical absorption and photoluminescence; Mössbauer, Raman and Brillouin scattering; positron annihilation and other signals can be measured from materials under high pressure. Magnetic and microwave fields can be applied externally to the cell allowing nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance and other magnetic measurements. Attaching electrodes to the sample allows electrical and magnetoelectrical measurements as well as heating up the sample to a few thousand degrees. Much higher temperatures (up to 7000 K) can be achieved with laser-induced heating, and cooling down to millikelvins has been demonstrated.