Stress Responsive Signal Transduction and the Control of Longevity Dirk Bohmann
... Decrease of the negative regulator Puckered efficiently extends Lifespan ...
... Decrease of the negative regulator Puckered efficiently extends Lifespan ...
Document
... Sirt1 and CR • Several beneficial effects of CR effectuated through sirtuins • CR induces eNOS and NO, upregulating Sirt1 and mitochondrial biogenesis • Affects brain activity and indirectly physicial activity ...
... Sirt1 and CR • Several beneficial effects of CR effectuated through sirtuins • CR induces eNOS and NO, upregulating Sirt1 and mitochondrial biogenesis • Affects brain activity and indirectly physicial activity ...
Pathways - Bioinformatics.ca
... • A collection of interactions defines a network • Pathways are a subset of networks – All pathways are networks of interactions, however not all networks are pathways! – Difference in the level of annotation/understanding ...
... • A collection of interactions defines a network • Pathways are a subset of networks – All pathways are networks of interactions, however not all networks are pathways! – Difference in the level of annotation/understanding ...
Formation of synovial joints and articular cartilage
... sites of presumptive joint formation into the densely packed cells of the joint interzone. The first step in joint development is the specification of articular progenitor cells [45, 52]. In contrary to determination, specification is a reversible process associated with a capability of cells to dif ...
... sites of presumptive joint formation into the densely packed cells of the joint interzone. The first step in joint development is the specification of articular progenitor cells [45, 52]. In contrary to determination, specification is a reversible process associated with a capability of cells to dif ...
Interesting Case Series Supernumerary Digits of the Hand
... Postaxial polydactyly is the most common of these categories, with the presence of supernumerary digit(s) on the ulnar side of the hand. Many classification systems exist for describing postaxial polydactyl. A new system recently proposed by Duran et al4 subclassifies the digital anomalies based on ...
... Postaxial polydactyly is the most common of these categories, with the presence of supernumerary digit(s) on the ulnar side of the hand. Many classification systems exist for describing postaxial polydactyl. A new system recently proposed by Duran et al4 subclassifies the digital anomalies based on ...
Slide 1
... profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
... profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
The Evo-Devo Puzzle of Human Hair Patterning
... tantalizing is that men’s beards often differ in color from their scalp hair, and other body regions can vary independently as well (Miller 1931). Is it possible that evolution merged our command center for hair color with our headquarters for hair patterning? Our master gene for skin pigmentation i ...
... tantalizing is that men’s beards often differ in color from their scalp hair, and other body regions can vary independently as well (Miller 1931). Is it possible that evolution merged our command center for hair color with our headquarters for hair patterning? Our master gene for skin pigmentation i ...
The Evo-Devo Puzzle of Human Hair Patterning
... tantalizing is that men’s beards often differ in color from their scalp hair, and other body regions can vary independently as well (Miller 1931). Is it possible that evolution merged our command center for hair color with our headquarters for hair patterning? Our master gene for skin pigmentation i ...
... tantalizing is that men’s beards often differ in color from their scalp hair, and other body regions can vary independently as well (Miller 1931). Is it possible that evolution merged our command center for hair color with our headquarters for hair patterning? Our master gene for skin pigmentation i ...
Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas and Entner–Doudoroff pathways in
... Variant of the EMP pathway in T. tenax The variant of the EMP pathway is characterized by (i) a hexokinase with reduced allosteric potential [8], (ii) a non-allosteric, reversible PPi -dependent phosphofructokinase [9], (iii) three different GAP (glyceraldehyde 3phosphate)-converting enzymes, a clas ...
... Variant of the EMP pathway in T. tenax The variant of the EMP pathway is characterized by (i) a hexokinase with reduced allosteric potential [8], (ii) a non-allosteric, reversible PPi -dependent phosphofructokinase [9], (iii) three different GAP (glyceraldehyde 3phosphate)-converting enzymes, a clas ...
Role of microRNA in Skeleton Development
... differentiation, similar to that for the flat bones of the skull. In bones derived through the endochondral ossification pathway, mesenchymal condensations give rise to chondrocytes that subsequently produce cartilage by the secretion of a defined ext racellular matrix. The cartilage shapes the mold ...
... differentiation, similar to that for the flat bones of the skull. In bones derived through the endochondral ossification pathway, mesenchymal condensations give rise to chondrocytes that subsequently produce cartilage by the secretion of a defined ext racellular matrix. The cartilage shapes the mold ...
Mechanisms of Notch Signaling Potentiating Survival During
... including m-α • Inhibit m-α in NICD over-expression background and see if flies still survive ...
... including m-α • Inhibit m-α in NICD over-expression background and see if flies still survive ...
regionally specific induction by the spemann
... from posteriorizing factors23, prevent ectopic organizer formation26 or promote anterior positional identity27. As the organizer was for decades considered to be the source of a powerful instructive agent, it initially came as a surprise, but is now widely accepted, that its main molecular function ...
... from posteriorizing factors23, prevent ectopic organizer formation26 or promote anterior positional identity27. As the organizer was for decades considered to be the source of a powerful instructive agent, it initially came as a surprise, but is now widely accepted, that its main molecular function ...
Wnt8 Is Required for Growth-Zone Establishment and Development
... [2, 13]. Therefore, although formally possible, we regard the presence of a Wnt3 ortholog in Achaearanea as unlikely. At-Wnt8 is first expressed in an anterior domain and at the presumptive posterior of the embryo (the center of the germ disc) just before formation of the growth zone (Figure 1A). At ...
... [2, 13]. Therefore, although formally possible, we regard the presence of a Wnt3 ortholog in Achaearanea as unlikely. At-Wnt8 is first expressed in an anterior domain and at the presumptive posterior of the embryo (the center of the germ disc) just before formation of the growth zone (Figure 1A). At ...
Activation of Hedgehog signaling by loss of GNAS causes
... studies in our mouse model, we propose that Hedgehog inhibitors currently used in the clinic for other conditions, such as cancer, may possibly be repurposed for treating heterotopic ossification and other diseases caused by GNAS inactivation. The human skeleton is a complex organ that forms during ...
... studies in our mouse model, we propose that Hedgehog inhibitors currently used in the clinic for other conditions, such as cancer, may possibly be repurposed for treating heterotopic ossification and other diseases caused by GNAS inactivation. The human skeleton is a complex organ that forms during ...
Adenosine
... 1. Molecular cloning studies identified 3 distinct genes encoding the , , isoforms of calcineurin A 2. and isoforms serve different roles in neuronal signaling 3. isoform is expressed in the testis 4. calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation is a central event in s ...
... 1. Molecular cloning studies identified 3 distinct genes encoding the , , isoforms of calcineurin A 2. and isoforms serve different roles in neuronal signaling 3. isoform is expressed in the testis 4. calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation is a central event in s ...
Role of Notch Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy
... of diabetic retinopathy. A long-term goal of our lab is to define the actions of Notch receptor signaling in normal and diseased blood vessels. To this end, we recently characterized the loss-of-function phenotype of the pericyte-expressed Notch3 gene in the mouse retinal vasculature. Notch3 null mi ...
... of diabetic retinopathy. A long-term goal of our lab is to define the actions of Notch receptor signaling in normal and diseased blood vessels. To this end, we recently characterized the loss-of-function phenotype of the pericyte-expressed Notch3 gene in the mouse retinal vasculature. Notch3 null mi ...
Wnt Genes Review - Stanford University
... include many of the secreted growth factors and cell surface receptors that mediate intercellular signaling events (Aaronson, 1991), the components of cytoplasmic pathways that interpret those signals (Cantley et al., 1991), and the nuclear factors that execute their commands through transcriptional ...
... include many of the secreted growth factors and cell surface receptors that mediate intercellular signaling events (Aaronson, 1991), the components of cytoplasmic pathways that interpret those signals (Cantley et al., 1991), and the nuclear factors that execute their commands through transcriptional ...
In the prevailing view Conducitn is usually considered to act as a
... provide evidence that favours the latter mechanism by showing (i) that Wnt stimulation leads to only a modest increase in conductin protein compared to axin levels, and (ii) that conductin interacts less efficiently with Dvl2 than axin making it largely resistant to inhibition by Dvl2. Thus, functio ...
... provide evidence that favours the latter mechanism by showing (i) that Wnt stimulation leads to only a modest increase in conductin protein compared to axin levels, and (ii) that conductin interacts less efficiently with Dvl2 than axin making it largely resistant to inhibition by Dvl2. Thus, functio ...
Symbolic Systems Biology
... stimulatory (positive) and inhibitory (negative) feedback loops, and other concurrent interactions to ensure that signals are propagated and interpreted appropriately in a particular cell or tissue. Signaling networks are robust and adaptive, in part because of combinatorial complex formation (sever ...
... stimulatory (positive) and inhibitory (negative) feedback loops, and other concurrent interactions to ensure that signals are propagated and interpreted appropriately in a particular cell or tissue. Signaling networks are robust and adaptive, in part because of combinatorial complex formation (sever ...
Mechanisms of Hormone Action: Peptide Hormones
... Measuring Receptor-Ligand Interaction Total Binding Specific Binding Nonspecific Binding ...
... Measuring Receptor-Ligand Interaction Total Binding Specific Binding Nonspecific Binding ...
Convergence and Extension Movements During Vertebrate
... within a plane of a single cell layer (planar) (Keller et al., 2000; Myers et al., 2002a), radial intercalations that occur between different cell layers can also contribute to C&E (Yin et al., 2008). In the process of radial intercalation, cells move between the cells in a deeper or more superficia ...
... within a plane of a single cell layer (planar) (Keller et al., 2000; Myers et al., 2002a), radial intercalations that occur between different cell layers can also contribute to C&E (Yin et al., 2008). In the process of radial intercalation, cells move between the cells in a deeper or more superficia ...
Wnt signaling pathway
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell. Three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway. All three Wnt signaling pathways are activated by the binding of a Wnt-protein ligand to a Frizzled family receptor, which passes the biological signal to the protein Dishevelled inside the cell. The canonical Wnt pathway leads to regulation of gene transcription, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway regulates the cytoskeleton that is responsible for the shape of the cell, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway regulates calcium inside the cell. Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-cell communication (paracrine) or same-cell communication (autocrine). They are highly evolutionarily conserved in animals, which means they are similar across many species of animal from fruit flies to humans.Wnt signaling was first identified for its role in carcinogenesis, but has since been recognized for its function in embryonic development. The embryonic processes it controls include body axis patterning, cell fate specification, cell proliferation, and cell migration. These processes are necessary for proper formation of important tissues including bone, heart, and muscle. Its role in embryonic development was discovered when genetic mutations in proteins in the Wnt pathway produced abnormal fruit fly embryos. Later research found that the genes responsible for these abnormalities also influenced breast cancer development in mice.The clinical importance of this pathway has been demonstrated by mutations that lead to a variety of diseases, including breast and prostate cancer, glioblastoma, type II diabetes, and others.