INTRODUCTION the dorsal spinal cord (Muroyama et al., 2002) and for... Wnts are signaling molecules regulating different developmental
... Wnt/-catenin signaling mediates -catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and translocation into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with the Tcf/Lef transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). In addition, a ‘non-canonical’ Wnt/Ca2+ pathway leads to t ...
... Wnt/-catenin signaling mediates -catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and translocation into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with the Tcf/Lef transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). In addition, a ‘non-canonical’ Wnt/Ca2+ pathway leads to t ...
Polycystic kidney disease: Cell division without a c(l)ue?
... The long list of potential signaling cascades triggered by polycystin-1 has left a confusing picture. In human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells, the short carboxy-terminal domain of polycystin-1 activates AP-1 in a PKC- and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent manner.16 Polycystin-1 contains a G-pro ...
... The long list of potential signaling cascades triggered by polycystin-1 has left a confusing picture. In human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells, the short carboxy-terminal domain of polycystin-1 activates AP-1 in a PKC- and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent manner.16 Polycystin-1 contains a G-pro ...
Dishevelled: at the crossroads of divergent
... 1997). Biochemical binding assays have suggested that many members of the Wnt family can bind most (if not all) of the Fz receptors. However, when co-injected into Xenopus embryos only some Wnt-Fz combinations give a biological response (Moon et al., 1997). In another example, patterning of the apic ...
... 1997). Biochemical binding assays have suggested that many members of the Wnt family can bind most (if not all) of the Fz receptors. However, when co-injected into Xenopus embryos only some Wnt-Fz combinations give a biological response (Moon et al., 1997). In another example, patterning of the apic ...
β-catenin: a key mediator of Wnt signaling Karl
... are more stable and are constitutively active [19–21,29•]. This region of β-catenin contains a series of serine and threonine residues, which may be phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of these residues is thought to be a signal for the degradation of β-catenin by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway [30•]. ...
... are more stable and are constitutively active [19–21,29•]. This region of β-catenin contains a series of serine and threonine residues, which may be phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of these residues is thought to be a signal for the degradation of β-catenin by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway [30•]. ...
nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel
... PI3K and Cell Cycle), suggesting these tumors rely on a fundamentally different mechanism to gain a selective advantage, which is consistent with the observations made by others9. The boxplots of pathway deregulation scores in FIGURE 4 make these observations clear. Interestingly, our analysis shows ...
... PI3K and Cell Cycle), suggesting these tumors rely on a fundamentally different mechanism to gain a selective advantage, which is consistent with the observations made by others9. The boxplots of pathway deregulation scores in FIGURE 4 make these observations clear. Interestingly, our analysis shows ...
Components of the transcriptional Mediator complex
... Horvitz, 1994). It has been proposed that the LIN-44 signal, which acts through the LIN-17 receptor, provides polarity to cells that undergo asymmetric division (Sawa et al., 1996). The Wnt pathway, which controls the polarity of the T cell, shares some components with the canonical Wnt pathway, suc ...
... Horvitz, 1994). It has been proposed that the LIN-44 signal, which acts through the LIN-17 receptor, provides polarity to cells that undergo asymmetric division (Sawa et al., 1996). The Wnt pathway, which controls the polarity of the T cell, shares some components with the canonical Wnt pathway, suc ...
dependent endoderm cell fate specification - EvoDevo
... Results: In the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, initial archenteron formation begins with bottle cellinduced buckling of the blastula epithelium at the animal pole. Here, we show that bottle cell formation and initial gut invagination in Nematostella requires NvStrabismus (NvStbm), a mat ...
... Results: In the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, initial archenteron formation begins with bottle cellinduced buckling of the blastula epithelium at the animal pole. Here, we show that bottle cell formation and initial gut invagination in Nematostella requires NvStrabismus (NvStbm), a mat ...
Cellular Metabolism Pathways
... distinct complexes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is composed of mTOR, Raptor, GβL (mLST8), and Deptor and is partially inhibited by rapamycin. mTORC1 integrates multiple signals reflecting the availability of growth factors, nutrients, or energy to promote either cellular growth when conditions are favor ...
... distinct complexes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is composed of mTOR, Raptor, GβL (mLST8), and Deptor and is partially inhibited by rapamycin. mTORC1 integrates multiple signals reflecting the availability of growth factors, nutrients, or energy to promote either cellular growth when conditions are favor ...
G-protein-mediated pathway
... Wnt-1 was found as an oncogene activated by the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus in murine breast cancer. APC was first isolated as a tumor suppressor gene in human colon cancer. After establishing that APC and beta-catenin bind to each other activating mutations in the human beta-catenin gene were found i ...
... Wnt-1 was found as an oncogene activated by the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus in murine breast cancer. APC was first isolated as a tumor suppressor gene in human colon cancer. After establishing that APC and beta-catenin bind to each other activating mutations in the human beta-catenin gene were found i ...
Here is the Original File
... determine whether any part or parts of the genome contain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants associated with a specific trait. Due to epistasis, in which the effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes1, there has been recent interest in pursuing alternative analyses of ...
... determine whether any part or parts of the genome contain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants associated with a specific trait. Due to epistasis, in which the effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes1, there has been recent interest in pursuing alternative analyses of ...
Functional binding of secreted molecules to heparan sulfate
... phenotype (E Selva et al., unpublished data). It has been proposed that frc activity is required to transport the GlcA produced by sgl in the cytosol into the Golgi, where it subsequently serves as a substrate for HS biosynthesis. In the absence of both maternal and zygotic expression of either sgl, ...
... phenotype (E Selva et al., unpublished data). It has been proposed that frc activity is required to transport the GlcA produced by sgl in the cytosol into the Golgi, where it subsequently serves as a substrate for HS biosynthesis. In the absence of both maternal and zygotic expression of either sgl, ...
Plant Hormone Signaling - Biol512
... Razem FA, El-Kereamy A, Abrams SR, Hill RD. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Abstract The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various physiological processes in plants. The molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved are not fully unde ...
... Razem FA, El-Kereamy A, Abrams SR, Hill RD. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Abstract The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various physiological processes in plants. The molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved are not fully unde ...
Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient
... pathway (Clevers and Nusse, 2012). All vertebrates express at least one member of the DACT family in NC progenitors (Alvares et al., 2009; Hikasa and Sokol, 2004; Schubert et al., 2014), suggesting that they fulfil a conserved role in NC development. Here, we show that DACT proteins play a novel rol ...
... pathway (Clevers and Nusse, 2012). All vertebrates express at least one member of the DACT family in NC progenitors (Alvares et al., 2009; Hikasa and Sokol, 2004; Schubert et al., 2014), suggesting that they fulfil a conserved role in NC development. Here, we show that DACT proteins play a novel rol ...
Introduction Wnt signaling in development
... The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of metazoan development. Wnt signaling controls cell fate specification and proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nu ...
... The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of metazoan development. Wnt signaling controls cell fate specification and proliferation by regulating the expression of specific target genes and also controls cell polarity and migration by directly modulating the cytoskeleton (Cadigan and Nu ...
Protein kinase-linked receptors
... 3. Redundancy: many pathways are activated by more than one receptor. Thus, different signal molecules can have similar effects on a cell. 4. Signal amplification: multiple steps in an intracellular signaling pathway allows for the signal to be amplified along the way. Thus, very small amounts of a ...
... 3. Redundancy: many pathways are activated by more than one receptor. Thus, different signal molecules can have similar effects on a cell. 4. Signal amplification: multiple steps in an intracellular signaling pathway allows for the signal to be amplified along the way. Thus, very small amounts of a ...
Gene Section FAM123B (family with sequence similarity 123B) in Oncology and Haematology
... a beta-catenin binding site (located between residue 367 and the C-terminus), an acidic domain (residues 370-411), two coiled-coil domains (residues 374-403 and 574-593) and a proline-rich region (residues 9511104). The 858aa isoform is missing both PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding domains and localizes to the ...
... a beta-catenin binding site (located between residue 367 and the C-terminus), an acidic domain (residues 370-411), two coiled-coil domains (residues 374-403 and 574-593) and a proline-rich region (residues 9511104). The 858aa isoform is missing both PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding domains and localizes to the ...
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development
... case in the larval male tail, where lin-44 acts nonautonomously to polarize adjacent cells. These target cells require a Fz protein encoded by lin-17 for their asymmetric cell divisions to occur (Sawa et al. 1996). It appears therefore that the Wnt signaling pathway found in flies and vertebrates is ...
... case in the larval male tail, where lin-44 acts nonautonomously to polarize adjacent cells. These target cells require a Fz protein encoded by lin-17 for their asymmetric cell divisions to occur (Sawa et al. 1996). It appears therefore that the Wnt signaling pathway found in flies and vertebrates is ...
Insulin-like signaling pathway: flies and mammals
... • Forkhead box DNA binding domain amino acid identity is between 74 and 86 percent. • Akt phosphorylation sites are also well conserved • dFOXO heterozygotes supress InR lifespan extension. ...
... • Forkhead box DNA binding domain amino acid identity is between 74 and 86 percent. • Akt phosphorylation sites are also well conserved • dFOXO heterozygotes supress InR lifespan extension. ...
- University of East Anglia
... part giving rise to the main portion of the ribs (Brand-Saberi et al., 1996) (Christ et al., 2004) (Scaal and Christ, 2004). Wnts are a large family of highly conserved glycoproteins, which activate a number of signaling pathways involved in many cellular processes including the control of gene expr ...
... part giving rise to the main portion of the ribs (Brand-Saberi et al., 1996) (Christ et al., 2004) (Scaal and Christ, 2004). Wnts are a large family of highly conserved glycoproteins, which activate a number of signaling pathways involved in many cellular processes including the control of gene expr ...
Tcf7l1 protects the anterior neural fold from adopting the neural crest
... appears to allow Wnt/β-catenin signaling to spread towards the ANF in both zebrafish and mouse. This leads to a deficiency in the expression of ANF-specific genes, accompanied by severe defects in head formation (Andoniadou et al., 2011; Dorsky et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2000). All these data have be ...
... appears to allow Wnt/β-catenin signaling to spread towards the ANF in both zebrafish and mouse. This leads to a deficiency in the expression of ANF-specific genes, accompanied by severe defects in head formation (Andoniadou et al., 2011; Dorsky et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2000). All these data have be ...
Chapter 16
... pathways. RTK signaling typically is down-regulated by endocytosis of receptors from the cytoplasmic membrane. ...
... pathways. RTK signaling typically is down-regulated by endocytosis of receptors from the cytoplasmic membrane. ...
Chapter 14: Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity
... (RI) receptor, which then leads to phosphorylation of an R-Smad, exposing a nuclear-localization signal. After Phosphorylated R-Smad binds a co-Smad, the resulting complex translocates into the nucleus, where it interacts with various transcription factors to induce expression of targeted genes. Onc ...
... (RI) receptor, which then leads to phosphorylation of an R-Smad, exposing a nuclear-localization signal. After Phosphorylated R-Smad binds a co-Smad, the resulting complex translocates into the nucleus, where it interacts with various transcription factors to induce expression of targeted genes. Onc ...
The Wnt code: cnidarians signal the way
... have been identified in Nematostella and Hydra. These include orthologs of b-catenin (Hobmayer et al., 1996), GSK-3b, Tcf/Lef, Dsh, APC and Axin from the Wnt/ b-catenin pathway (Technau et al., 2005), Flamingo, Van Gogh, and JNK from the Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) pathway; and CamKII and PKC from ...
... have been identified in Nematostella and Hydra. These include orthologs of b-catenin (Hobmayer et al., 1996), GSK-3b, Tcf/Lef, Dsh, APC and Axin from the Wnt/ b-catenin pathway (Technau et al., 2005), Flamingo, Van Gogh, and JNK from the Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) pathway; and CamKII and PKC from ...
1 1 2 3 4 5 Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in
... The Xenopus larval epidermis contains multiciliated cells (MCCs) that are coordinately aligned ...
... The Xenopus larval epidermis contains multiciliated cells (MCCs) that are coordinately aligned ...
Molecular myogenic program - Georgia Institute of Technology
... MyoD or myf5 individually: normal MyoD and myf5: lethal, no muscles MRF4: disrupted axial musculature Myogenin: lethal, failure of muscle expansion ...
... MyoD or myf5 individually: normal MyoD and myf5: lethal, no muscles MRF4: disrupted axial musculature Myogenin: lethal, failure of muscle expansion ...
Wnt signaling pathway
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell. Three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway. All three Wnt signaling pathways are activated by the binding of a Wnt-protein ligand to a Frizzled family receptor, which passes the biological signal to the protein Dishevelled inside the cell. The canonical Wnt pathway leads to regulation of gene transcription, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway regulates the cytoskeleton that is responsible for the shape of the cell, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway regulates calcium inside the cell. Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-cell communication (paracrine) or same-cell communication (autocrine). They are highly evolutionarily conserved in animals, which means they are similar across many species of animal from fruit flies to humans.Wnt signaling was first identified for its role in carcinogenesis, but has since been recognized for its function in embryonic development. The embryonic processes it controls include body axis patterning, cell fate specification, cell proliferation, and cell migration. These processes are necessary for proper formation of important tissues including bone, heart, and muscle. Its role in embryonic development was discovered when genetic mutations in proteins in the Wnt pathway produced abnormal fruit fly embryos. Later research found that the genes responsible for these abnormalities also influenced breast cancer development in mice.The clinical importance of this pathway has been demonstrated by mutations that lead to a variety of diseases, including breast and prostate cancer, glioblastoma, type II diabetes, and others.