Second Sample Exam
... E) Only i, ii, and iii are correct. 6. Which of the following statements about the light reactions in photosynthetic plants is false? A) The light reactions do not occur in the dark. B) A membrane-bound ATP synthase uses a proton gradient to make ATP. C) There are two distinct photosystems, linked t ...
... E) Only i, ii, and iii are correct. 6. Which of the following statements about the light reactions in photosynthetic plants is false? A) The light reactions do not occur in the dark. B) A membrane-bound ATP synthase uses a proton gradient to make ATP. C) There are two distinct photosystems, linked t ...
Major Domains of Life
... Bacteria and Archae have different cell membranes. • Bacteria have cell membranes with ester bonds. • Archae have cell membranes with ether bonds which enclose lipids with ...
... Bacteria and Archae have different cell membranes. • Bacteria have cell membranes with ester bonds. • Archae have cell membranes with ether bonds which enclose lipids with ...
File
... Answer = A 2. Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling? A. cell signaling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells B. Cell signaling has largely been replaced by ...
... Answer = A 2. Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling? A. cell signaling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells B. Cell signaling has largely been replaced by ...
Chapter 7: PowerPoint
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
TOPIC I CARBOHYDRATES DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND
... carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for us. They are formed by all green plants through the process photosynthesis. They are either small single units’ molecules or larger units consisting of two several units or still larger and more complex ones consisting of ma ...
... carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for us. They are formed by all green plants through the process photosynthesis. They are either small single units’ molecules or larger units consisting of two several units or still larger and more complex ones consisting of ma ...
Document
... Organization of Chemistry of life into metabolic pathways- metabolism all chemical reactions within a cell, catabolic and anabolic pathways 8.2 Forms of energy- kinetic, potential, chemical Fig. 8.5 the relationship of free energy to stability Fig. 8.7 c) Equilibrium and work in closed and open syst ...
... Organization of Chemistry of life into metabolic pathways- metabolism all chemical reactions within a cell, catabolic and anabolic pathways 8.2 Forms of energy- kinetic, potential, chemical Fig. 8.5 the relationship of free energy to stability Fig. 8.7 c) Equilibrium and work in closed and open syst ...
Energy in cells
... 2. Maintaining a constant body temperature to provide optimum internal environment for enzymes to function 3. Active transport – to move molecules and ions across the cell surface membrane against a concentration gradient ...
... 2. Maintaining a constant body temperature to provide optimum internal environment for enzymes to function 3. Active transport – to move molecules and ions across the cell surface membrane against a concentration gradient ...
Outline05 Enzymes - Napa Valley College
... A. Metabolism total of all chemical reactions in the body catabolic reactions - break down large molecules into smaller ones anabolic reactions - build larger molecules from smaller ones (synthesis) exergonic reactions release energy endergonic reactions require energy Major classes of metabolic r ...
... A. Metabolism total of all chemical reactions in the body catabolic reactions - break down large molecules into smaller ones anabolic reactions - build larger molecules from smaller ones (synthesis) exergonic reactions release energy endergonic reactions require energy Major classes of metabolic r ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... COSTS 2 ATPs to start reaction Breaks glucose down to Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate) (goes to Krebs Cycle) Makes total of 4 ATPs At end of reaction, net of 2 ATP available to cell, and NADH (energy carrier – will go to ...
... COSTS 2 ATPs to start reaction Breaks glucose down to Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate) (goes to Krebs Cycle) Makes total of 4 ATPs At end of reaction, net of 2 ATP available to cell, and NADH (energy carrier – will go to ...
Cellular Energy hbio 09 tri 1
... categories and write down what each item in the category shares in common. 2. Why did you put them in those categories and what do they have in common. ...
... categories and write down what each item in the category shares in common. 2. Why did you put them in those categories and what do they have in common. ...
Marine Biomes
... living organisms. • Autotrophs make their own food using energy from the sun (plants, algae, bacteria) • Heterotrophs need to eat other organisms to get energy herbivores (eat plants, algae, bacteria) omnivores (eat plants and animals) carnivores (eat animals primarily) ...
... living organisms. • Autotrophs make their own food using energy from the sun (plants, algae, bacteria) • Heterotrophs need to eat other organisms to get energy herbivores (eat plants, algae, bacteria) omnivores (eat plants and animals) carnivores (eat animals primarily) ...
March 27, 2014: Introduction to climate. If you have not yet taken
... Characteristic spacing of xerophytes (ocotillo) Characteristics of xerophytes Foliage…most can be shed during drought sparse small needle shaped leaves waxy coatings hairs or...no leaves just green stems, succulents Photosynthesis – CAM pathway common stomates open at night to take in CO2 close in d ...
... Characteristic spacing of xerophytes (ocotillo) Characteristics of xerophytes Foliage…most can be shed during drought sparse small needle shaped leaves waxy coatings hairs or...no leaves just green stems, succulents Photosynthesis – CAM pathway common stomates open at night to take in CO2 close in d ...
Test 2 - Lone Star College
... longer. In the experiment, each of the worms’ five SOD genes, which primarily work in the mitochondria (the cells’ energy-producing organelles), was disabled in different combinations, hampering the worms’ ability to make the antioxidant. When the researchers turned off one SOD gene (namely, sod-2) ...
... longer. In the experiment, each of the worms’ five SOD genes, which primarily work in the mitochondria (the cells’ energy-producing organelles), was disabled in different combinations, hampering the worms’ ability to make the antioxidant. When the researchers turned off one SOD gene (namely, sod-2) ...
BIOLOGY — ORDINARY LEVEL
... State two ways in which the activities of earthworms are beneficial to gardeners and farmers. Outline briefly a laboratory experiment to show one of the beneficial activities of earthworms. Use the following headings as a guide: ...
... State two ways in which the activities of earthworms are beneficial to gardeners and farmers. Outline briefly a laboratory experiment to show one of the beneficial activities of earthworms. Use the following headings as a guide: ...
doc Vocabulary challenge A list of all the definitions from
... Vocabulary challenge – below are lots of definitions from IGCSE Biology. Your task is to fill in the correct word that goes with each definition. Your only clue – the words will be in alphabetical order. ...
... Vocabulary challenge – below are lots of definitions from IGCSE Biology. Your task is to fill in the correct word that goes with each definition. Your only clue – the words will be in alphabetical order. ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 5. Identify the inputs and outputs and location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
... 5. Identify the inputs and outputs and location of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. ...
Plant Hormones and Response – Part 1 I. Plant Hormones A. Auxin
... B. A stimulus sets in motion a signal transduction pathway causing the plant cells to respond accordingly. 1. For example, Bolting – This process is triggered by water (ligand) entering the seed. 2. For example, Greening (Fig: 39.4) – The plant begins producing chloroplasts in response to sunlight. ...
... B. A stimulus sets in motion a signal transduction pathway causing the plant cells to respond accordingly. 1. For example, Bolting – This process is triggered by water (ligand) entering the seed. 2. For example, Greening (Fig: 39.4) – The plant begins producing chloroplasts in response to sunlight. ...
Definitions
... a small chain of amino acids - a small part of a protein Symbol (P). It is an element which is needed to make bones, ATP and DNA is a chain of many peptides is a long chain of amino acids folded up to form 3-D shapes. Each protein has a different job. this is a food molecule where large numbers of s ...
... a small chain of amino acids - a small part of a protein Symbol (P). It is an element which is needed to make bones, ATP and DNA is a chain of many peptides is a long chain of amino acids folded up to form 3-D shapes. Each protein has a different job. this is a food molecule where large numbers of s ...
Assignment 6 Cell Respiration
... 5. (5) Describe the electron transport chain, system, or shuttle (ETC or S) in five steps or less. The ETS is a series of oxidation/reduction molecules (called cytochromes) tied together and embedded into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The NADH + H+’s arrive at the beginning of the chain and giv ...
... 5. (5) Describe the electron transport chain, system, or shuttle (ETC or S) in five steps or less. The ETS is a series of oxidation/reduction molecules (called cytochromes) tied together and embedded into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The NADH + H+’s arrive at the beginning of the chain and giv ...
No Slide Title
... mass building, delivering the necessary carbon out from CO2 in the air. In this way cycles of C and N transformations interact in the Nature. Dissolved organic substances strongly inhibit the autotrophes. ...
... mass building, delivering the necessary carbon out from CO2 in the air. In this way cycles of C and N transformations interact in the Nature. Dissolved organic substances strongly inhibit the autotrophes. ...
File - Ms. Richards IB Biology HL
... 1. Covalent electrons of methane are equally shared because carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities 2. As methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons shift away from carbon and hydrogen to the more electronegative oxygen 3. Since electrons lose potential energy when the ...
... 1. Covalent electrons of methane are equally shared because carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities 2. As methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons shift away from carbon and hydrogen to the more electronegative oxygen 3. Since electrons lose potential energy when the ...
C1B – Chemistry - Tavistock College Science Department
... It contains half the number of chromosomes, which carry genetic information from the mother - this will be passed on to the offspring 3) The palisade cell - designed for photosynthesis A palisade cell is tall with a large surface area It's found on the top side of a leaf - ideal for good absorption ...
... It contains half the number of chromosomes, which carry genetic information from the mother - this will be passed on to the offspring 3) The palisade cell - designed for photosynthesis A palisade cell is tall with a large surface area It's found on the top side of a leaf - ideal for good absorption ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.