Respiration Sheets
... Breathing is the process by which air moves into and out of the lungs. The breathing process and the rate of breathing are mainly controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla of the brain. Nerves go from the respiratory center to the diaphragm and rib muscles. The respiratory center is sensit ...
... Breathing is the process by which air moves into and out of the lungs. The breathing process and the rate of breathing are mainly controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla of the brain. Nerves go from the respiratory center to the diaphragm and rib muscles. The respiratory center is sensit ...
Exclusion of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/oxygenase
... harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of PSII (LHC II), a,bsubunits of coupling factor 1 (ATPase), and cytochrome f were used as the primary antibodies (Fig. 3D–F). These results clearly suggested that RCB contains only the stromal portion of chloroplasts. Frequently, RCBs were surrounded with a membra ...
... harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of PSII (LHC II), a,bsubunits of coupling factor 1 (ATPase), and cytochrome f were used as the primary antibodies (Fig. 3D–F). These results clearly suggested that RCB contains only the stromal portion of chloroplasts. Frequently, RCBs were surrounded with a membra ...
Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration
... moles of ATP per atom of O2 utilised (aerobes) also relates to moles of ATP per 2 protons excreted by ETC depends on stage at which protons/electrons enter ETC often P/O ratio = 3 (aerobes) but may only be 1 - 2 in strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes ...
... moles of ATP per atom of O2 utilised (aerobes) also relates to moles of ATP per 2 protons excreted by ETC depends on stage at which protons/electrons enter ETC often P/O ratio = 3 (aerobes) but may only be 1 - 2 in strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes ...
Cells and Energy
... Chloroplasts are the membrane-bound organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plants. Most of the chloroplasts are in leaf cells that are specialized for photosynthesis, which has two main stages as shown in FIGURE 2.2. The two main parts of chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis are the grana ...
... Chloroplasts are the membrane-bound organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plants. Most of the chloroplasts are in leaf cells that are specialized for photosynthesis, which has two main stages as shown in FIGURE 2.2. The two main parts of chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis are the grana ...
FREE Sample Here
... solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except A) Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure. B) Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer. C) Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from ...
... solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except A) Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure. B) Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer. C) Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from ...
how cells release chemical energy
... b. Intermediates form; each releases a hydrogen atom and an -OH group. These combine as water. Two molecules of PEP form by the reactions. c. First, one ATP molecule transfers a phosphate group to glucose, then another; atoms are rearranged, because the cell has now invested two ATP molecules alread ...
... b. Intermediates form; each releases a hydrogen atom and an -OH group. These combine as water. Two molecules of PEP form by the reactions. c. First, one ATP molecule transfers a phosphate group to glucose, then another; atoms are rearranged, because the cell has now invested two ATP molecules alread ...
The Respiratory System
... Your nose is the 2nd most important part of the respiratory system (besides the lungs) because it is the passage way for the oxygen to get inside your body. Air enters the body through either an open mouth or the nose. Tiny hairs in your nose trap unwanted particles, while a sticky liquid called muc ...
... Your nose is the 2nd most important part of the respiratory system (besides the lungs) because it is the passage way for the oxygen to get inside your body. Air enters the body through either an open mouth or the nose. Tiny hairs in your nose trap unwanted particles, while a sticky liquid called muc ...
Biochemistry 6/e
... transferred to the Rieske protein and then to cytochrome c1. This releases two H+ to the cytosol and leaves UQ ×- , a semiquinone anion form of UQ, at the Qp site. The second electron is then transferred to the bL heme, converting UQ×- to UQ. The Rieske protein and cytochrome c1 are similar in struc ...
... transferred to the Rieske protein and then to cytochrome c1. This releases two H+ to the cytosol and leaves UQ ×- , a semiquinone anion form of UQ, at the Qp site. The second electron is then transferred to the bL heme, converting UQ×- to UQ. The Rieske protein and cytochrome c1 are similar in struc ...
Chemistry Revision Guide - Mr Cartlidge`s Science Blog
... a reaction but ‘2O2’ would mean there are two. Example:. CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2)g) + H2O(g)* This is unbalanced as there are 4 ‘H’ on the left but only 2 ‘H’ on the right. This must be corrected by placing a ‘2’ in front of the ‘H2O’ so there are now 2 waters: CH4 (g) + O2(g) CO2(g) +2H2O(g) Now the ...
... a reaction but ‘2O2’ would mean there are two. Example:. CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2)g) + H2O(g)* This is unbalanced as there are 4 ‘H’ on the left but only 2 ‘H’ on the right. This must be corrected by placing a ‘2’ in front of the ‘H2O’ so there are now 2 waters: CH4 (g) + O2(g) CO2(g) +2H2O(g) Now the ...
interactive-questions-01
... The liver produces bile. The green bile pigments are breakdown products of haemoglobin so they are excretory products. But the production of bile is a response to the presence of food in the duodenum and bile is not specifically formed to dispose of the bile pigments. So their excretion is incidenta ...
... The liver produces bile. The green bile pigments are breakdown products of haemoglobin so they are excretory products. But the production of bile is a response to the presence of food in the duodenum and bile is not specifically formed to dispose of the bile pigments. So their excretion is incidenta ...
Kingdom Plants chapter 18
... Sporophyte has foot seta and capsule and lacks vascular tissues xylem and phloem and also roots, stem or leaves. Sporophyte produce spores by Meiosis. The spores germinate to produce gametophyte. This is called alternation of generations – Gametophyte gametes Sporophyte spores again gametoph ...
... Sporophyte has foot seta and capsule and lacks vascular tissues xylem and phloem and also roots, stem or leaves. Sporophyte produce spores by Meiosis. The spores germinate to produce gametophyte. This is called alternation of generations – Gametophyte gametes Sporophyte spores again gametoph ...
Biology - Bibb County Schools
... a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lip ...
... a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lip ...
Lecture Handouts
... A sun-loving has a_________________ compensation point. A shade-tolerant plant is _______________ efficient at PSN. ...
... A sun-loving has a_________________ compensation point. A shade-tolerant plant is _______________ efficient at PSN. ...
Ch 2: Student Powerpoint File
... ____________ : energy from the sun allows CO2 and H2O to react 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon in the atmosphere is transformed by plants into carbohydrates. Photosynthesis also occurs in cyanobacteria and algae in oceans. ____________ ____________ : carbohydrates release ene ...
... ____________ : energy from the sun allows CO2 and H2O to react 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon in the atmosphere is transformed by plants into carbohydrates. Photosynthesis also occurs in cyanobacteria and algae in oceans. ____________ ____________ : carbohydrates release ene ...
Class22 2-9 Win17 Respiration Regulation and
... transformed into the ‘sticky’ 2-carbon Acetyl-CoA – Krebs Cycle: Acetyl-CoA feeds the Krebs cycle, which uses the oxidation of carbohydrates to form reducing power (as NADH, FADH2) – Electron Transport Chain: High-energy electrons are driven through membrane proteins that pump protons to produce a ...
... transformed into the ‘sticky’ 2-carbon Acetyl-CoA – Krebs Cycle: Acetyl-CoA feeds the Krebs cycle, which uses the oxidation of carbohydrates to form reducing power (as NADH, FADH2) – Electron Transport Chain: High-energy electrons are driven through membrane proteins that pump protons to produce a ...
Chapter 2 Notes INB - Flushing Community Schools
... • Habitat = physical area in which an organism lives • Herbivore = heterotroph that eats only plants • Heterotroph = organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy requirements by feeding on other organisms • Matter = anything that takes up space and has mass • Mutualism = ...
... • Habitat = physical area in which an organism lives • Herbivore = heterotroph that eats only plants • Heterotroph = organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy requirements by feeding on other organisms • Matter = anything that takes up space and has mass • Mutualism = ...
Carbohydrates lipids and prpoteins 3.2
... Monosaccharides and disaccharides are water soluble and easier to transport to and from storage sites than lipids Animals tend to use carbohydrates primarily for short-term energy storage, while lipids are used more for longterm energy storage Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in animals while li ...
... Monosaccharides and disaccharides are water soluble and easier to transport to and from storage sites than lipids Animals tend to use carbohydrates primarily for short-term energy storage, while lipids are used more for longterm energy storage Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in animals while li ...
3 LAB 1: ALGAL ORIGINS OF LAND PLANTS
... The Class Charophyceae contains mostly freshwater green algae and is believed to be the line containing the ancestral stock from which land plants evolved. Multigene DNA phylogenetic analysis has shown that the Charales (Chara, Nitella) are the closest living relatives of green land plants (McCourt ...
... The Class Charophyceae contains mostly freshwater green algae and is believed to be the line containing the ancestral stock from which land plants evolved. Multigene DNA phylogenetic analysis has shown that the Charales (Chara, Nitella) are the closest living relatives of green land plants (McCourt ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.