electron transport chain.
... • Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration. • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose. Organic Compounds + Oxygen Carbon Di ...
... • Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration. • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose. Organic Compounds + Oxygen Carbon Di ...
marking scheme_1
... on sunny and the south facing slopes where the vegetation is driest. The spread of fire is fastest when the wind is strong and blowing uphill and where a build-up of combustible materials. Vegetation also determines the extent of destruction, for example un grassed grasslands and especially the sava ...
... on sunny and the south facing slopes where the vegetation is driest. The spread of fire is fastest when the wind is strong and blowing uphill and where a build-up of combustible materials. Vegetation also determines the extent of destruction, for example un grassed grasslands and especially the sava ...
Fe-S
... Go’=-2823 kJ/mol Can be broken down into two half-reactions with the transfer of electrons C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 24H+ +24e6O2 + 24H+ + 24e- 12H2O 12e- from the oxidation of glucose are not transferred directly to O2, go to NAD+ and FAD to form 10NADH and 2FADH2 These are reoxidized, passing the ...
... Go’=-2823 kJ/mol Can be broken down into two half-reactions with the transfer of electrons C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 24H+ +24e6O2 + 24H+ + 24e- 12H2O 12e- from the oxidation of glucose are not transferred directly to O2, go to NAD+ and FAD to form 10NADH and 2FADH2 These are reoxidized, passing the ...
Document
... Reference may be made to the Chemistry Higher and Advanced Higher Data Booklet. SECTION A—Questions 1–40 (40 marks) Instructions for completion of Section A are given on page two. For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil. SECTION B (60 marks) 1 All questions should be attempted ...
... Reference may be made to the Chemistry Higher and Advanced Higher Data Booklet. SECTION A—Questions 1–40 (40 marks) Instructions for completion of Section A are given on page two. For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil. SECTION B (60 marks) 1 All questions should be attempted ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... in the citric acid cycle to form NADH and FADH2 • Stage 3: electrons are funneled into a chain of electron carriers reducing O2 to H2O. This electron flow drives the production of ATP. ...
... in the citric acid cycle to form NADH and FADH2 • Stage 3: electrons are funneled into a chain of electron carriers reducing O2 to H2O. This electron flow drives the production of ATP. ...
Chemistry Spell check on
... Reference may be made to the Chemistry Higher and Advanced Higher Data Booklet. SECTION A—Questions 1–40 (40 marks) Instructions for completion of Section A are given on page two. For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil. SECTION B (60 marks) 1 All questions should be attempted ...
... Reference may be made to the Chemistry Higher and Advanced Higher Data Booklet. SECTION A—Questions 1–40 (40 marks) Instructions for completion of Section A are given on page two. For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil. SECTION B (60 marks) 1 All questions should be attempted ...
Lesson Overview
... Carbohydrates -compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, -usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1, -breakdown of sugars, such as glucose, supplies immediate energy for cell activities, -plants, some animals, and other organisms also use carbohydrates for structural purposes (like the strings ...
... Carbohydrates -compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, -usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1, -breakdown of sugars, such as glucose, supplies immediate energy for cell activities, -plants, some animals, and other organisms also use carbohydrates for structural purposes (like the strings ...
Lab 5: Plants: Nontracheophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants
... Plants are generally defined as multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. Plants cells have cell walls composed of cellulose, and store surplus carbohydrates as starch. They utilize two photosystems in photosynthesis with two forms of chlorophyll (a and b).This list of characteristics is not mutuall ...
... Plants are generally defined as multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes. Plants cells have cell walls composed of cellulose, and store surplus carbohydrates as starch. They utilize two photosystems in photosynthesis with two forms of chlorophyll (a and b).This list of characteristics is not mutuall ...
Section 2-3: Carbon Compounds (p. 44-48)
... Borg like me you would not need carbonbased molecules! ...
... Borg like me you would not need carbonbased molecules! ...
Ch 17- Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives
... carbonyl carbon • With both groups of compounds, this initial attack is facilitated by the same factors: – The relative steric openness of the carbonyl carbon atom – The ability of the carbonyl oxygen atom to accommodate an electron pair of the C-O double bond ...
... carbonyl carbon • With both groups of compounds, this initial attack is facilitated by the same factors: – The relative steric openness of the carbonyl carbon atom – The ability of the carbonyl oxygen atom to accommodate an electron pair of the C-O double bond ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM OBJECTIVES: 1. Compare
... can direct the synthesis of proteins (which occurs in the cytoplasm), we must first look at the structure of RNA molecules. ...
... can direct the synthesis of proteins (which occurs in the cytoplasm), we must first look at the structure of RNA molecules. ...
1. Which of the following are connected by hydrogen bonds? A
... PanI is a gene in cod fish that codes for an integral membrane protein called pantophysin. Two alleles of the gene, PanIA and PanIB, code for versions of pantophysin, that differ by four amino acids in one region of the protein. Samples of cod fish were collected from 23 locations in the north Atlan ...
... PanI is a gene in cod fish that codes for an integral membrane protein called pantophysin. Two alleles of the gene, PanIA and PanIB, code for versions of pantophysin, that differ by four amino acids in one region of the protein. Samples of cod fish were collected from 23 locations in the north Atlan ...
metabolism and function of carbohydrates
... sulphate, dermatan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate), monomers, bonds, properties and significance. Glycosaminoglycans as component of proteoglycans, role of proteoglycans. 5. Oligosaccarides of glycoprotein complexes. Role of glycoproteins (give examples of representatives and their role). Structure ...
... sulphate, dermatan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate), monomers, bonds, properties and significance. Glycosaminoglycans as component of proteoglycans, role of proteoglycans. 5. Oligosaccarides of glycoprotein complexes. Role of glycoproteins (give examples of representatives and their role). Structure ...
chapter8 - Teacherpage
... glucose and other organic compounds into an energy-releasing pathway depends on the kinds and proportions of carbohydrates (our main source of energy), fats and proteins in the diet ...
... glucose and other organic compounds into an energy-releasing pathway depends on the kinds and proportions of carbohydrates (our main source of energy), fats and proteins in the diet ...
Heterotrophic Nutrition
... • primarily photoautotrophs, like plants and algae, that use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter. • and to a small extent, chemoautotrophs — bacteria and archaeans that do the same but use the energy derived from an oxidation of molecules in their substrate. ...
... • primarily photoautotrophs, like plants and algae, that use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter. • and to a small extent, chemoautotrophs — bacteria and archaeans that do the same but use the energy derived from an oxidation of molecules in their substrate. ...
Balancing and Predicting Chemical Reactions:
... • Complete the experiment – observations, reaction predictions, etc. at each station before you continue to another station • When finished, begin working on WSs ...
... • Complete the experiment – observations, reaction predictions, etc. at each station before you continue to another station • When finished, begin working on WSs ...
Dr: Anwar J almzaiel Glycolysis
... H2O may divide into an anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) phases. Theses phases do not involve separate pathways, but that an initial anaerobic phase continuing directly in an aerobic phase in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis: is the term applied to the production of lactic acid ...
... H2O may divide into an anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) phases. Theses phases do not involve separate pathways, but that an initial anaerobic phase continuing directly in an aerobic phase in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis: is the term applied to the production of lactic acid ...
Aerobic Respiration
... • Carried out by certain bacteria • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
... • Carried out by certain bacteria • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
CHAPTER 47 Respiratory System
... 7. TWO SPECIAL MOLECULES HELP THIS PROCESS OF GAS EXCHANGE WORK EFFECTIVELY: A. MACROMOLECULES - Soaplike, consisting of phospholipid and protein, they coat the inner surface of the Alveolus. B. HEMOGLOBIN - An Oxygen Carrying Molecule that is a component of Blood. Hemoglobin is a red colored protei ...
... 7. TWO SPECIAL MOLECULES HELP THIS PROCESS OF GAS EXCHANGE WORK EFFECTIVELY: A. MACROMOLECULES - Soaplike, consisting of phospholipid and protein, they coat the inner surface of the Alveolus. B. HEMOGLOBIN - An Oxygen Carrying Molecule that is a component of Blood. Hemoglobin is a red colored protei ...
3. SJW Bohr effect
... respiratory membrane, and capillary wall towards red blood cells • carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction from the red blood cell and from blood plasma to the alveolus ...
... respiratory membrane, and capillary wall towards red blood cells • carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction from the red blood cell and from blood plasma to the alveolus ...
chapter - 5 morphology of flowering plants
... Flowering plants exhibit enormous variation in shape, size, structure, mode of nutrition, life span, habit and habitat. They have well developed root and shoot systems. Root system is either tap root or fibrous. Generally, dicotyledonous plants have tap roots while monocotyledonous plants have fibro ...
... Flowering plants exhibit enormous variation in shape, size, structure, mode of nutrition, life span, habit and habitat. They have well developed root and shoot systems. Root system is either tap root or fibrous. Generally, dicotyledonous plants have tap roots while monocotyledonous plants have fibro ...
Here is a practice Test
... a terminal point for both the enzyme and substrate (neither can be reused). d. more likely to occur in a 20 degrees C environment than a 40 degrees C one. 29. The caloric (Kcal) yield of one gram of protein added to that of one gram of carbohydrate is a. equal to the caloric yield of one gram of fat ...
... a terminal point for both the enzyme and substrate (neither can be reused). d. more likely to occur in a 20 degrees C environment than a 40 degrees C one. 29. The caloric (Kcal) yield of one gram of protein added to that of one gram of carbohydrate is a. equal to the caloric yield of one gram of fat ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.