Actives, passives and ergatives English has active and passive
... The emphasis is entirely on the action. We do not know who is responsible. It is as though the project started all by itself. In some languages you could indicate this with a reflexive verb. In other languages the sentence would not be possible. In English it is possible because of the ergative verb ...
... The emphasis is entirely on the action. We do not know who is responsible. It is as though the project started all by itself. In some languages you could indicate this with a reflexive verb. In other languages the sentence would not be possible. In English it is possible because of the ergative verb ...
Transitivity of a Chinese Verb-Result Compound and Affected
... 2007: 119) and shu 書 ‘book’ in Zhangsan kan-lei-le shu 張三看累了書 ‘Zhangsan read a book and as a result became tired’ (Li, 2007: 115) differ in thematic roles. According to Li, in the former sentence, the causer is na-bao yifu 那包衣服 whereas in the latter, the causer is Zhangsan 張三. In terms of meaning, h ...
... 2007: 119) and shu 書 ‘book’ in Zhangsan kan-lei-le shu 張三看累了書 ‘Zhangsan read a book and as a result became tired’ (Li, 2007: 115) differ in thematic roles. According to Li, in the former sentence, the causer is na-bao yifu 那包衣服 whereas in the latter, the causer is Zhangsan 張三. In terms of meaning, h ...
On the Linguistic Notion of Transitivity:
... intransitive usage as in My computer completely broke down. However, the presence of the causer is never implied in that usage. The homophonic status of break is hence accidental if not totally arbitrary. On the other hand, languages differ as to how to categorize predicates like resemble in (7) and ...
... intransitive usage as in My computer completely broke down. However, the presence of the causer is never implied in that usage. The homophonic status of break is hence accidental if not totally arbitrary. On the other hand, languages differ as to how to categorize predicates like resemble in (7) and ...
Syntax and Semantics of the Prefix mis - Crisco
... expressed syntactically by a direct-object modifier. Given that this notion cannot be given by the context, and must be given by the meaning of the verb, then it must be that mis- merely targets the relevant argument place in the lexical entry of the base verb: (20) Rule for mis-: The prefix saturat ...
... expressed syntactically by a direct-object modifier. Given that this notion cannot be given by the context, and must be given by the meaning of the verb, then it must be that mis- merely targets the relevant argument place in the lexical entry of the base verb: (20) Rule for mis-: The prefix saturat ...
Differentiating eventivity and dynamicity: the Aktionsart of
... processes involve a lower bound on the size of subintervals that are of the same type, states have no such lower bound. […] If for a certain time interval I it is true that, for example, Eva is standing at the window, sleeping, or the like, this is also true for every subinterval of I. In this respe ...
... processes involve a lower bound on the size of subintervals that are of the same type, states have no such lower bound. […] If for a certain time interval I it is true that, for example, Eva is standing at the window, sleeping, or the like, this is also true for every subinterval of I. In this respe ...
VILNIUS PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
... external causer and an agent in Hurricanes and marauding bands devastated the region (at different times). On the other hand, when an instrument or external causer is the subject of a transitive verb, it may acquire metaphorically some notion of agency. Consequently, we can sometimes find combinatio ...
... external causer and an agent in Hurricanes and marauding bands devastated the region (at different times). On the other hand, when an instrument or external causer is the subject of a transitive verb, it may acquire metaphorically some notion of agency. Consequently, we can sometimes find combinatio ...
Helge Lødrup Looking Possessor Raising in the mouth: Norwegian
... that a raised element must take the syntactic function of the element that it raises out of. The transitivity requirement was also important to Baker 1988. He proposed an analysis in which the verb governs the (underlying) possessor. This analysis presupposes that the raised noun phrase is the posse ...
... that a raised element must take the syntactic function of the element that it raises out of. The transitivity requirement was also important to Baker 1988. He proposed an analysis in which the verb governs the (underlying) possessor. This analysis presupposes that the raised noun phrase is the posse ...
Verbs in spoken sentence processing Goede, Dieuwke de
... structure, but nevertheless contribute to the overall meaning of the sentence, for example by stating where, when, how, or why something happened. These constituents are called adjuncts. In (8), only John and book are arguments of the verbs read; all other phrases are adjuncts. ...
... structure, but nevertheless contribute to the overall meaning of the sentence, for example by stating where, when, how, or why something happened. These constituents are called adjuncts. In (8), only John and book are arguments of the verbs read; all other phrases are adjuncts. ...
On Phrasal and Prepositional Verb Projections in Turkish
... Radford (1988) suggested various tests to highlight the distinction empirically. We will not go into details of ...
... Radford (1988) suggested various tests to highlight the distinction empirically. We will not go into details of ...
Reasoning about Meaning in Natural Language with Compact
... hence can be used to axiomatize, classical states [9]. Compact closed categories have also found applications in two completely orthogonal areas of computational linguistics: formalizing grammar and reasoning about lexical meanings of words. The former application is through Lambek’s pregroup gramma ...
... hence can be used to axiomatize, classical states [9]. Compact closed categories have also found applications in two completely orthogonal areas of computational linguistics: formalizing grammar and reasoning about lexical meanings of words. The former application is through Lambek’s pregroup gramma ...
The Main Determinant of English Sentences Comprehension by
... form and meaning of the sentence, that is to say, the verb can project its own argument structure. Look at the following example: 1) Pat gave Mary a cake. According to the traditional argument structure theory, the verb gave in this sentence is a three-argument verb and contains the information of t ...
... form and meaning of the sentence, that is to say, the verb can project its own argument structure. Look at the following example: 1) Pat gave Mary a cake. According to the traditional argument structure theory, the verb gave in this sentence is a three-argument verb and contains the information of t ...
Parallel Syntactic Annotation of Multiple Languages
... are available for Czech and English in the Prague Dependency Treebank (Hajič et al., 2001). Our IL0 takes from the tectogrammatical representation the notion that the linguistic contribution of (most) function words should be represented by features rather than by nodes in the tree (though IL0 kee ...
... are available for Czech and English in the Prague Dependency Treebank (Hajič et al., 2001). Our IL0 takes from the tectogrammatical representation the notion that the linguistic contribution of (most) function words should be represented by features rather than by nodes in the tree (though IL0 kee ...
The Two be`s of English
... others). In this characterization of the lexicon, lexical verbs form an open class of words that have certain syntactic features and tend to express rich (complex) semantic content. Examples of lexical verbs in English include eat, advertise, read, dichotomize, and a very large number of others. Aux ...
... others). In this characterization of the lexicon, lexical verbs form an open class of words that have certain syntactic features and tend to express rich (complex) semantic content. Examples of lexical verbs in English include eat, advertise, read, dichotomize, and a very large number of others. Aux ...
DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
... expressing the most essential features of an object denoted by a word. Sense components, or SEMES (semantic markers in Katzian semantics; classemes in B.Pottier’s and A.Greimas’s approach) — such as ABSTRACT – CONCRETE, DEFINITE – INDEFINITE, etc. — reveal structural relations within semantic system ...
... expressing the most essential features of an object denoted by a word. Sense components, or SEMES (semantic markers in Katzian semantics; classemes in B.Pottier’s and A.Greimas’s approach) — such as ABSTRACT – CONCRETE, DEFINITE – INDEFINITE, etc. — reveal structural relations within semantic system ...
Verbs Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written
... Grammar Bite E: Primary verbs • The three primary verbs – be, have, and do – can serve as both main verbs and auxiliary verbs. They differ, however, in their specific functions. – As copula (a main verb), be is the most common copular verb in English – As an auxiliary verb, be marks progressive asp ...
... Grammar Bite E: Primary verbs • The three primary verbs – be, have, and do – can serve as both main verbs and auxiliary verbs. They differ, however, in their specific functions. – As copula (a main verb), be is the most common copular verb in English – As an auxiliary verb, be marks progressive asp ...
Misplaced Modifiers, Direct and Indirect Objects, Prep
... • A phrase is a group of words that functions in a sentence as one part of speech. • Prepositional phrases always include a preposition and a noun or pronoun (called the Object of the Preposition-OP). • The phrase may also include modifiers. ...
... • A phrase is a group of words that functions in a sentence as one part of speech. • Prepositional phrases always include a preposition and a noun or pronoun (called the Object of the Preposition-OP). • The phrase may also include modifiers. ...
Cross-LinguistiC Patterns of Linking
... all that is required is the LS and nothing more, as in all except (11d). For most irregular verbs, only the macrorole number needs to be specified. The prepositions that mark oblique arguments with verbs like show are predictable from general principles and need not be listed in the lexical entry ( ...
... all that is required is the LS and nothing more, as in all except (11d). For most irregular verbs, only the macrorole number needs to be specified. The prepositions that mark oblique arguments with verbs like show are predictable from general principles and need not be listed in the lexical entry ( ...
Gumbaynggirr Sentences in Colour - Aboriginal Educational Contexts
... Note too that the doer nyami in the intransitive sentence has no tag; but that the doer in the transitive sentence (Nyamiyu yurruundu: the tall woman) has tags ending in –u. A tag on the agent, when acting on a ‘do-ee’, is almost universal in Aboriginal languages. This tag is called ‘Ergative’ and t ...
... Note too that the doer nyami in the intransitive sentence has no tag; but that the doer in the transitive sentence (Nyamiyu yurruundu: the tall woman) has tags ending in –u. A tag on the agent, when acting on a ‘do-ee’, is almost universal in Aboriginal languages. This tag is called ‘Ergative’ and t ...
Island constraints and overgeneralization in language acquisition
... (no fit between item and construction properties), with all possibilities in between. Children acquire the properties of particular verbs (and other items) through repeated exposure. Similarity, the properties of construction slots are acquired through repeated exposure to utterances that instantiat ...
... (no fit between item and construction properties), with all possibilities in between. Children acquire the properties of particular verbs (and other items) through repeated exposure. Similarity, the properties of construction slots are acquired through repeated exposure to utterances that instantiat ...
C14-1101 - ACL Anthology
... Verbal adverbs may be active, as in (3), or passive, as in (7): (7) Buduči sorvannym, muxomor prodolžaet rasti ‘being plucked, the amanita continues to grow’. It is to be noted that the implicit subject of the passive verbal adverb buduči sorvannym ‘being plucked’ is the second argument of the activ ...
... Verbal adverbs may be active, as in (3), or passive, as in (7): (7) Buduči sorvannym, muxomor prodolžaet rasti ‘being plucked, the amanita continues to grow’. It is to be noted that the implicit subject of the passive verbal adverb buduči sorvannym ‘being plucked’ is the second argument of the activ ...
On the So-Called “Passive Voice” in Ainu.
... There are, however, other ways to look at passives which take into consideration this idea of anti-universality. Comrie gives one potential definition as: “A process whereby the original subject is deleted or demoted to an agentive phrase while the original object is advanced to subject position; be ...
... There are, however, other ways to look at passives which take into consideration this idea of anti-universality. Comrie gives one potential definition as: “A process whereby the original subject is deleted or demoted to an agentive phrase while the original object is advanced to subject position; be ...
The Role of Semantic, Pragmatic, and Discourse Factors in the
... Eystein Dahl, “Some semantic and pragmatic aspects of object alternation in Early Vedic”, offers a number of interesting observations on the parameters determining object case variation with some semantic classes of verbs in the language of the oldest Vedic text, the R̥gveda (RV). These classes incl ...
... Eystein Dahl, “Some semantic and pragmatic aspects of object alternation in Early Vedic”, offers a number of interesting observations on the parameters determining object case variation with some semantic classes of verbs in the language of the oldest Vedic text, the R̥gveda (RV). These classes incl ...
61 tomo santraukos - Lietuvių kalbos institutas
... predicative verbʼs need foe complementation results not from its lexical meaning but from the lack of such a meaning, its syntactic frame (or argument structure) cannot be predicted from verbal semantics. In other words, a semantically deficient verb cannot betreated as a semantic functor. The depen ...
... predicative verbʼs need foe complementation results not from its lexical meaning but from the lack of such a meaning, its syntactic frame (or argument structure) cannot be predicted from verbal semantics. In other words, a semantically deficient verb cannot betreated as a semantic functor. The depen ...
Object
... In many languages, including German, Latin, and Classical Arabic, objects can change form slightly (decline) to indicate what kind of object they are (their case). This does not happen in English (though a few English pronouns do have separate subject and object forms); rather, the type of object is ...
... In many languages, including German, Latin, and Classical Arabic, objects can change form slightly (decline) to indicate what kind of object they are (their case). This does not happen in English (though a few English pronouns do have separate subject and object forms); rather, the type of object is ...
Misplaced Modifiers, Direct and Indirect Objects, Prep
... • A phrase is a group of words that functions in a sentence as one part of speech. • Prepositional phrases always include a preposition and a noun or pronoun (called the Object of the Preposition-OP). • The phrase may also include modifiers. ...
... • A phrase is a group of words that functions in a sentence as one part of speech. • Prepositional phrases always include a preposition and a noun or pronoun (called the Object of the Preposition-OP). • The phrase may also include modifiers. ...