Krifka 1995 Swahili
... In addition to ordinary transitive and bitransitive verbs, we find verbs with locative complements. For example, fika 'arrive' has a locative complement, and weka 'put' has a direct object and a locative complement: (5a) M f o t o a-li-fika shule-ni 'The child arrived at the school' (5b) Mtoto a-li- ...
... In addition to ordinary transitive and bitransitive verbs, we find verbs with locative complements. For example, fika 'arrive' has a locative complement, and weka 'put' has a direct object and a locative complement: (5a) M f o t o a-li-fika shule-ni 'The child arrived at the school' (5b) Mtoto a-li- ...
Lexical representations in spoken language comprehension
... all. The pragmatic oddness of burying a guitar is something that we have to infer, given our knowledge of the world, and given what we know about guitars, the likely effects of burying them, and so on. The first question we ask here, therefore, is whether such pragmatic violations affect the on-line ...
... all. The pragmatic oddness of burying a guitar is something that we have to infer, given our knowledge of the world, and given what we know about guitars, the likely effects of burying them, and so on. The first question we ask here, therefore, is whether such pragmatic violations affect the on-line ...
The middle and passive derivations in Konso
... Intransitive verbs that allow an impersonal passive tend to have middle meaning in their base form. Body action verbs tend to allow the passive formation: xosal- ‘laugh’, kee'- ‘burp’, xaax- ‘1. stutter; 2. not be able to recount what one was told to tell someone’. Other languages with impersonal pa ...
... Intransitive verbs that allow an impersonal passive tend to have middle meaning in their base form. Body action verbs tend to allow the passive formation: xosal- ‘laugh’, kee'- ‘burp’, xaax- ‘1. stutter; 2. not be able to recount what one was told to tell someone’. Other languages with impersonal pa ...
Explaining similarities between main clauses and nominalized
... is clear, summarizing for each case the arguments that nominalized clauses were the source of the parallel grammatical patterns in innovative main clauses. Then we will return to the question of explanation and the best synchronic analysis of such parallel patterns. 1. The Cariban language family Th ...
... is clear, summarizing for each case the arguments that nominalized clauses were the source of the parallel grammatical patterns in innovative main clauses. Then we will return to the question of explanation and the best synchronic analysis of such parallel patterns. 1. The Cariban language family Th ...
congram-nature-encyc
... framework, owing to the belief that the rich semantic/pragmatic constraints on individual words or idiomatic phrases reveals much about our knowledge of language. There has been a great deal of attention paid to marked constructions within the theory. For example, consider the Covariational Conditio ...
... framework, owing to the belief that the rich semantic/pragmatic constraints on individual words or idiomatic phrases reveals much about our knowledge of language. There has been a great deal of attention paid to marked constructions within the theory. For example, consider the Covariational Conditio ...
Grammatical Voice in French
... verb and requires the auxiliary AVOIR; however, me in (1b) inevitably changes the voice and, as a result, the auxiliary, cf. (2). The incapacity of me in (1b) to undergo focalization naturally follows from the fact that it is not an independent element of the clause and does not have an independent ...
... verb and requires the auxiliary AVOIR; however, me in (1b) inevitably changes the voice and, as a result, the auxiliary, cf. (2). The incapacity of me in (1b) to undergo focalization naturally follows from the fact that it is not an independent element of the clause and does not have an independent ...
língua inglesa iii
... The inspector arrested him. ‘It seemed a good idea at the time,’the man said. He thought himself rather unlucky. There are five elements that can be part of a clause. They are subject, verb, object, complement and adverbial. ...
... The inspector arrested him. ‘It seemed a good idea at the time,’the man said. He thought himself rather unlucky. There are five elements that can be part of a clause. They are subject, verb, object, complement and adverbial. ...
Argument Structure and verbal semantic class
... semantic class of the Spanish and Catalan AnCora 2.0 corpora. The semantic annotation of verbal predicates implies the systematic mapping between syntax and semantics, basically expressed in the argument structure. This mapping ultimately motivates the semantic classes. In this proposal, each verbal ...
... semantic class of the Spanish and Catalan AnCora 2.0 corpora. The semantic annotation of verbal predicates implies the systematic mapping between syntax and semantics, basically expressed in the argument structure. This mapping ultimately motivates the semantic classes. In this proposal, each verbal ...
docsymp: graduate students` first linguistics symposium
... In case of NPs an alternative way to decide whether they are the complement of a given regent or not is to check whether it gets a semantic (thematic) role from the verb or not. If they do, they are arguments, and based on our omission test they serve as complements as well. The problem is that the ...
... In case of NPs an alternative way to decide whether they are the complement of a given regent or not is to check whether it gets a semantic (thematic) role from the verb or not. If they do, they are arguments, and based on our omission test they serve as complements as well. The problem is that the ...
Automatic Extraction of Cause-Effect Relations in Natural Language Text
... In this case, the words (pollution and cars) connected by the cue pattern (from) are in a causal relation while in the following sentence the from pattern doesn’t evoke the same type of relation: “A man from Oxford with leprosy was cured by the water.” Although most of the existing approaches for d ...
... In this case, the words (pollution and cars) connected by the cue pattern (from) are in a causal relation while in the following sentence the from pattern doesn’t evoke the same type of relation: “A man from Oxford with leprosy was cured by the water.” Although most of the existing approaches for d ...
Class Notes # 10c: Semantics
... meaning (a knowledge structure). Semantics resides at both sides of parsing, and elements of meaning come from words. Lexical knowledge lives in dictionaries. It has two forms. • Morphological and syntactic information about the word: part-of-speech (class), number, case, gender, tense, requirements ...
... meaning (a knowledge structure). Semantics resides at both sides of parsing, and elements of meaning come from words. Lexical knowledge lives in dictionaries. It has two forms. • Morphological and syntactic information about the word: part-of-speech (class), number, case, gender, tense, requirements ...
1. Taxonomic categories
... the semantics of the opposition is predictable on the semantic basis; in other words, formulations in semantic terms are claimed to be effective, so that a dictionary, if it contains sufficient semantic information, can mention only exceptions (from general rules), which are relatively few. As an ex ...
... the semantics of the opposition is predictable on the semantic basis; in other words, formulations in semantic terms are claimed to be effective, so that a dictionary, if it contains sufficient semantic information, can mention only exceptions (from general rules), which are relatively few. As an ex ...
Part One Sixteen Basic Skills - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Try putting a pronoun such as I, you, he, she, it, or they in front of it. If the word is a verb, the resulting sentence will make sense. Notice that in the examples above, he tripped, they squeal, she owns, and it is all make sense. Look at what the verb tells us. Most verbs show action; they are c ...
... Try putting a pronoun such as I, you, he, she, it, or they in front of it. If the word is a verb, the resulting sentence will make sense. Notice that in the examples above, he tripped, they squeal, she owns, and it is all make sense. Look at what the verb tells us. Most verbs show action; they are c ...
Lecture 13 -- May 22: Aspect and Quantification II.
... (1) State-predicates in English resist progressive (perhaps because they already contain the ‘continuity’-content that progressive aspect normally adds): *The towel is being wet; *John is knowing the answer. (*John is loving Mary: OK but only when ‘love’ is coerced to a nonstative meaning.) (OKJohn ...
... (1) State-predicates in English resist progressive (perhaps because they already contain the ‘continuity’-content that progressive aspect normally adds): *The towel is being wet; *John is knowing the answer. (*John is loving Mary: OK but only when ‘love’ is coerced to a nonstative meaning.) (OKJohn ...
Where auxiliary verbs come from - chass.utoronto
... The literature is full of discussions of whether copular be should be treated as a lexical verb heading a full VP, or whether it should be considered an inflectional element simply supporting otherwise stranded morphological elements. Some such proposals can be found in work by Eide and Åfarli (199 ...
... The literature is full of discussions of whether copular be should be treated as a lexical verb heading a full VP, or whether it should be considered an inflectional element simply supporting otherwise stranded morphological elements. Some such proposals can be found in work by Eide and Åfarli (199 ...
Passive Morphemes in a Passive-less Language?
... forms consists of “intransitive verbs that may appear to be passive”, noting that in other instances -Cia suffixation yields either durative or polite form of the base. Verbs derived by -Cia suffixation are typically intransitive (but not always) and the base may be a transitive verb, intransitive v ...
... forms consists of “intransitive verbs that may appear to be passive”, noting that in other instances -Cia suffixation yields either durative or polite form of the base. Verbs derived by -Cia suffixation are typically intransitive (but not always) and the base may be a transitive verb, intransitive v ...
Hubert Wolanin Διάθεσις in the "Τέχνη γραμματική" attributed to
... same kind of meaning of a verb (i.e. neither action nor experience) in the very definition of ῥῆμα as well. Yet, as we have observed before, this definition shows that verbs express only action or experience and there is nothing about expressing anything else but action or experience. Besides, μεσότ ...
... same kind of meaning of a verb (i.e. neither action nor experience) in the very definition of ῥῆμα as well. Yet, as we have observed before, this definition shows that verbs express only action or experience and there is nothing about expressing anything else but action or experience. Besides, μεσότ ...
The Parts Of Speech
... direct object, while for copular verbs this additional element is a subject complement. With transitive verbs, the "action" goes from the subject to the direct object; further, the subject and the object are usually different entities.1 Direct objects and subject complements. If you have already lea ...
... direct object, while for copular verbs this additional element is a subject complement. With transitive verbs, the "action" goes from the subject to the direct object; further, the subject and the object are usually different entities.1 Direct objects and subject complements. If you have already lea ...
Linguistically enriched corpora for establishing variation in support
... and (e), among modification, we explore prenominal adjectives, past participles, gerunds and other intervening material. In addition, some expressions allow relative clauses and PP post-nominal modifiers. Relative clauses are observed less often than PP postnominal modifiers. So far, we ignore these ...
... and (e), among modification, we explore prenominal adjectives, past participles, gerunds and other intervening material. In addition, some expressions allow relative clauses and PP post-nominal modifiers. Relative clauses are observed less often than PP postnominal modifiers. So far, we ignore these ...
Affix rivalry
... ’to subjugate’ or silenciar, ’to silence’. Their nominalisations are procesamiento, someti-miento and silencia-miento (never *procesa-do, *someti-do, *silencia-do). The well-known class of degree achievement verbs is famous because the scale that is used to evaluate a change of state is expressed by ...
... ’to subjugate’ or silenciar, ’to silence’. Their nominalisations are procesamiento, someti-miento and silencia-miento (never *procesa-do, *someti-do, *silencia-do). The well-known class of degree achievement verbs is famous because the scale that is used to evaluate a change of state is expressed by ...
WRL0005.tmp - Princeton University
... means of relating various constructions in many linguistic theories today. A question that has been gaining attention and that we focus on here is, what determines which form of an alternation will actually be used? A related question is, why do languages provide alternative means to express similar ...
... means of relating various constructions in many linguistic theories today. A question that has been gaining attention and that we focus on here is, what determines which form of an alternation will actually be used? A related question is, why do languages provide alternative means to express similar ...
PowerPoint
... The direction that syntactic theory has tended to progress over the years is that as we learn more about how sentences are structured, we begin to zoom in on the trees, to see finer structure. In a sense, the VP we had before was a good first approximation, but as we look more closely we see that ev ...
... The direction that syntactic theory has tended to progress over the years is that as we learn more about how sentences are structured, we begin to zoom in on the trees, to see finer structure. In a sense, the VP we had before was a good first approximation, but as we look more closely we see that ev ...
Y00-1008 - Association for Computational Linguistics
... between ba and its subordinate verb; the subject of ba is identical to the subject of the subordinate verb, and the object of ba is also the object of the subordinate verb. On the other hand, (7)b shows a structure-sharing between the subjects of ba and its subordinate verb only; the objects are not ...
... between ba and its subordinate verb; the subject of ba is identical to the subject of the subordinate verb, and the object of ba is also the object of the subordinate verb. On the other hand, (7)b shows a structure-sharing between the subjects of ba and its subordinate verb only; the objects are not ...
Power Point presentation
... The construction in (6a) contributes an entailment that NP0 caused NP2 to go to NP1. The construction in (6b) contributes an entailment that NP0 caused NP1 to have NP2. Some verbs, like give and sell, have so much information in their lexical semantics that the constructions contribute nothing new, ...
... The construction in (6a) contributes an entailment that NP0 caused NP2 to go to NP1. The construction in (6b) contributes an entailment that NP0 caused NP1 to have NP2. Some verbs, like give and sell, have so much information in their lexical semantics that the constructions contribute nothing new, ...
colloquium - Johns Hopkins University
... sentences” and modifications thereof; so some of the puzzles are related to cross-linguistic puzzles about the differences between “existential sentences” and “ordinary” sentences. We consider interactions of syntax and semantics of the (open class of) “genitive” verbs, referential status and presu ...
... sentences” and modifications thereof; so some of the puzzles are related to cross-linguistic puzzles about the differences between “existential sentences” and “ordinary” sentences. We consider interactions of syntax and semantics of the (open class of) “genitive” verbs, referential status and presu ...