Lexicalized meaning and the internal temporal structure of events
... ally relevant properties are encoded in the meanings of verbs and the grammatical re flexes of these properties in the formation of larger event-denoting predicates (which I will refer to as 'aspectual composition ) and argument realization. Relying heavily on the works cited above, I will lay out i ...
... ally relevant properties are encoded in the meanings of verbs and the grammatical re flexes of these properties in the formation of larger event-denoting predicates (which I will refer to as 'aspectual composition ) and argument realization. Relying heavily on the works cited above, I will lay out i ...
Questionnaire for property verbs in African languages
... questions, the answers may seem to be self-evident. There is also some necessary overlap between the phenomena discussed both under Part A “Formal criteria” and Part B “Semantic criteria”. The questionnaire has been inspired by other typological-oriented grammatical questionnaires, especially Comrie ...
... questions, the answers may seem to be self-evident. There is also some necessary overlap between the phenomena discussed both under Part A “Formal criteria” and Part B “Semantic criteria”. The questionnaire has been inspired by other typological-oriented grammatical questionnaires, especially Comrie ...
A Distributed Morphology-based analysis of Japanese
... morphological proposal within DM is FUSION, the combination of two terminal heads into one. Fusion requires a sisterhood relation of terminal nodes. Consider the fact that the verbal affix –s of English expresses both person and tense (Bobaljik, 1995) so the morpheme –s in English is actually the Fu ...
... morphological proposal within DM is FUSION, the combination of two terminal heads into one. Fusion requires a sisterhood relation of terminal nodes. Consider the fact that the verbal affix –s of English expresses both person and tense (Bobaljik, 1995) so the morpheme –s in English is actually the Fu ...
Reflexivity and adjustment strategies at the interfaces
... two arguments. Therefore certain clitics, which are SE-anaphors, are inserted in these derivations. This is a last-resort mechanism that makes an adjustment between the valence of the lexical entry of the verb and the requirements of the syntax in order for the derivation to converge at the C-I inte ...
... two arguments. Therefore certain clitics, which are SE-anaphors, are inserted in these derivations. This is a last-resort mechanism that makes an adjustment between the valence of the lexical entry of the verb and the requirements of the syntax in order for the derivation to converge at the C-I inte ...
Innovative 1PL Subject Constructions in Finnish
... ‗the headmaster ordered(/made) her/him to go to his office‘ (Taiwanese Hokkien, web example) Note that his use of kiò ‗to call‘ in Hokkien (Southern Min) is attested since the 16th century (Chappell & Peyraube 2006); hence, it should not be a recent innovation, and may well have been present in the ...
... ‗the headmaster ordered(/made) her/him to go to his office‘ (Taiwanese Hokkien, web example) Note that his use of kiò ‗to call‘ in Hokkien (Southern Min) is attested since the 16th century (Chappell & Peyraube 2006); hence, it should not be a recent innovation, and may well have been present in the ...
The Syntactic Operator se in Spanish
... on the topic, there is not total agreement in the number and classification of the different constructions. Here I am mainly following the traditional classification found, for example, in Alcina and Blecua (1980); I differ from this source when I present what I call ...
... on the topic, there is not total agreement in the number and classification of the different constructions. Here I am mainly following the traditional classification found, for example, in Alcina and Blecua (1980); I differ from this source when I present what I call ...
Grammaticization of reflexive pronoun into a marker of passive
... prove the traditional analysis overly reductionist and, hence, inadequate. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is a brief review of the features that characterize the Czech and Russian be-passive. Section 3 contains a detailed description of the reflexive in Czech, contrasting it with its R ...
... prove the traditional analysis overly reductionist and, hence, inadequate. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is a brief review of the features that characterize the Czech and Russian be-passive. Section 3 contains a detailed description of the reflexive in Czech, contrasting it with its R ...
Markéta Lopatková, Jarmila Panevová
... its counterpart within verbal inner participants, it behaves with nouns typically as a free modification: it is compatible with any primary noun and it can be repeated (šaty ze lnu od starší sestry [a dress from linen form my elder sister], nábytek ze dřeva od našeho hlavního dodavatele [a furniture ...
... its counterpart within verbal inner participants, it behaves with nouns typically as a free modification: it is compatible with any primary noun and it can be repeated (šaty ze lnu od starší sestry [a dress from linen form my elder sister], nábytek ze dřeva od našeho hlavního dodavatele [a furniture ...
Elena Mihas - Italian Journal of Linguistics
... Perené paratactic subordinate clauses, which cover a range of complement, relative, and adverbial relations, are syntactically adjoined and grammatically independent, as in they inject us with medicine, we die [when/if/after/ because they inject us with medicine, we die]. Such examples are identifie ...
... Perené paratactic subordinate clauses, which cover a range of complement, relative, and adverbial relations, are syntactically adjoined and grammatically independent, as in they inject us with medicine, we die [when/if/after/ because they inject us with medicine, we die]. Such examples are identifie ...
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual VCLA Indo-European
... taken for granted. That referential direct objects could be omitted is common knowledge to whoever has experience working with languages such as Latin, Greek, or Sanskrit; however, little research has been devoted to the conditions under which NOs occur. As a result, one often has the impression tha ...
... taken for granted. That referential direct objects could be omitted is common knowledge to whoever has experience working with languages such as Latin, Greek, or Sanskrit; however, little research has been devoted to the conditions under which NOs occur. As a result, one often has the impression tha ...
I,cI - TeacherWeb
... • A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. • A dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and verb that cannot stand alone. ...
... • A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. • A dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and verb that cannot stand alone. ...
Journal of Child Language Syntactic and semantic coordination in
... Extraction of finite complement-clause constructions. All utterances that L produced were extracted using CLAN (MacWhinney, ). All finite complement-clause constructions by L were manually identified. The following cases were excluded: . Adverbial/conditional clauses (It’s not dangerous if I climb ...
... Extraction of finite complement-clause constructions. All utterances that L produced were extracted using CLAN (MacWhinney, ). All finite complement-clause constructions by L were manually identified. The following cases were excluded: . Adverbial/conditional clauses (It’s not dangerous if I climb ...
Semantic Features in Argument Selection
... It is important to bear in mind that in the present system the term “participant” does not refer to arguments, like subject and object (as Hopper and Thompson 1980, for instance, use this term). Neither does it refer to NPs or to their referents: instead, NPs are mapped into participants, as will be ...
... It is important to bear in mind that in the present system the term “participant” does not refer to arguments, like subject and object (as Hopper and Thompson 1980, for instance, use this term). Neither does it refer to NPs or to their referents: instead, NPs are mapped into participants, as will be ...
A Brief Syntactic Typology of Philippine Languages
... also the case relation of a genitively marked NP in construction with a noun head, commonly referred to as “possessive construction”; MEANS is the case relation defined by Starosta (1988:126) as “the perceived immediate affector or effector of the Patient… the means by which the action, state, or ev ...
... also the case relation of a genitively marked NP in construction with a noun head, commonly referred to as “possessive construction”; MEANS is the case relation defined by Starosta (1988:126) as “the perceived immediate affector or effector of the Patient… the means by which the action, state, or ev ...
Necessitative passive This TV needs fixing. The Department of English
... Necessitative passive in this paper refers to a construction ‘verbs such as need, want, etc. + V-ing’ as in This TV needs fixing. The grammatical subject is undergoer (recipient of action), not actor (doer of action), i.e. the necessitative passive is undergoer-oriented. Some verbs take a gerund for ...
... Necessitative passive in this paper refers to a construction ‘verbs such as need, want, etc. + V-ing’ as in This TV needs fixing. The grammatical subject is undergoer (recipient of action), not actor (doer of action), i.e. the necessitative passive is undergoer-oriented. Some verbs take a gerund for ...
Boom and Whoosh: Verbs of Explosion as a
... starting said action lies with the object that undergoes a change of state (internal causation). In Chapter Three, I discuss the methodology involved in gathering my data. Much of my information comes from three corpora, and it is here that I list the search parameters for eliciting the various alte ...
... starting said action lies with the object that undergoes a change of state (internal causation). In Chapter Three, I discuss the methodology involved in gathering my data. Much of my information comes from three corpora, and it is here that I list the search parameters for eliciting the various alte ...
Holmberg`s Generalization`
... It is highly questionable, however, whether pronoun shift and object shift constitute a single phenomenon. Holmberg (1986:232) argues that the weak pronouns in MSC that do undergo movement are heads rather than phrases. Given our current understanding of the phenomena, the distribution of heads and ...
... It is highly questionable, however, whether pronoun shift and object shift constitute a single phenomenon. Holmberg (1986:232) argues that the weak pronouns in MSC that do undergo movement are heads rather than phrases. Given our current understanding of the phenomena, the distribution of heads and ...
articles basque resultatives and related issues
... est cassé “the stick is broken”, in which case it may be difficult to distinguish from a passive form. But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai m ...
... est cassé “the stick is broken”, in which case it may be difficult to distinguish from a passive form. But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai m ...
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES
... est cassé “the stick is broken”, in which case it may be difficult to distinguish from a passive form. But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai m ...
... est cassé “the stick is broken”, in which case it may be difficult to distinguish from a passive form. But, in order to express resultatives from transitive verbs, many languages can use auxiliary have like in I have my task written, that is the state I am in after I have written the task, or j’ai m ...
Participle-Converbs in Iron Ossetic: Syntactic and Semantic
... simply a state of affairs concomittant with the action in the main clause). Obviously, there are borderline cases, but (4) and (6) are quite clearly different for the native speakers. It is important to note that for some native speakers examples like (5) are ungrammatical with -gɐ.7 For these speak ...
... simply a state of affairs concomittant with the action in the main clause). Obviously, there are borderline cases, but (4) and (6) are quite clearly different for the native speakers. It is important to note that for some native speakers examples like (5) are ungrammatical with -gɐ.7 For these speak ...
Complements of verbs of utterance and thought in Brazilian
... varies cross-linguistically, but there are also differences concerning the patterns of reported speech that are distinguished in a language. Reported speech can be described as a device used in speech or writing when speakers or writers report the speech (or thoughts) of another person, or when they ...
... varies cross-linguistically, but there are also differences concerning the patterns of reported speech that are distinguished in a language. Reported speech can be described as a device used in speech or writing when speakers or writers report the speech (or thoughts) of another person, or when they ...
Fulltext: english,
... -ize and –ify are associated with a unitary skeleton, and the polysemy displayed by their central derivatives is claimed to arise from a combination of factors including the semantic category of the base and the positions in the affixal skeleton with which the base argument is co-indexed (the type o ...
... -ize and –ify are associated with a unitary skeleton, and the polysemy displayed by their central derivatives is claimed to arise from a combination of factors including the semantic category of the base and the positions in the affixal skeleton with which the base argument is co-indexed (the type o ...
The alliterative, rhythmic and stanzaic constraints on verbs in
... of the line. The line begins with a di-positional rhythmic peak (þreklund-). Dróttkvætt lines have either two or three rhythmic dips. The last dip is line-final and can only contain an ending of a word. Kuhn’s definition of the term Satzpartikel ‘sentence particle’ is translated by Gade (1995, xix) ...
... of the line. The line begins with a di-positional rhythmic peak (þreklund-). Dróttkvætt lines have either two or three rhythmic dips. The last dip is line-final and can only contain an ending of a word. Kuhn’s definition of the term Satzpartikel ‘sentence particle’ is translated by Gade (1995, xix) ...
A step-by-step introduction to the Government and Binding theory of
... a. The subcategorized complements are always phrases. b. Heads and their maximal projections share features, allowing heads to subcategorize for the heads of their sisters (i.e. rely). 3. In general, specifiers are optional. Evidently, specifiers may be words or phrases. The following trees illustra ...
... a. The subcategorized complements are always phrases. b. Heads and their maximal projections share features, allowing heads to subcategorize for the heads of their sisters (i.e. rely). 3. In general, specifiers are optional. Evidently, specifiers may be words or phrases. The following trees illustra ...