The invisible hand of grammaticalization
... In the rest of the paper, several different cases of form/meaning mismatch will be discussed. In particular, the so-called substitutive infinitive occurring in German as well as in other West-Germanic languages will be focused on, with the aim of showing that this quirky feature may be explained as ...
... In the rest of the paper, several different cases of form/meaning mismatch will be discussed. In particular, the so-called substitutive infinitive occurring in German as well as in other West-Germanic languages will be focused on, with the aim of showing that this quirky feature may be explained as ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
... argument functions as agent or actor (‘the participant which performs, effects, instigates, or controls the situation denoted by the predicate’, Foley & Van Valin 1984:29), while the lower argument functions as patient, or undergoer, or affected. Several theories have tried to postulate a semantic h ...
... argument functions as agent or actor (‘the participant which performs, effects, instigates, or controls the situation denoted by the predicate’, Foley & Van Valin 1984:29), while the lower argument functions as patient, or undergoer, or affected. Several theories have tried to postulate a semantic h ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
... arguments: intransitive laugh has one argument, transitive see has two arguments, and ditransitive give has three arguments. If one is concerned with a particular language, one also needs to know how these arguments are realized. Turning from English to Turkish, to Georgian or to one of the indigeno ...
... arguments: intransitive laugh has one argument, transitive see has two arguments, and ditransitive give has three arguments. If one is concerned with a particular language, one also needs to know how these arguments are realized. Turning from English to Turkish, to Georgian or to one of the indigeno ...
The Akan Phrasal Verb as a Syntactic Manifestation
... adjuncts such as “fie” (home), as in “d bra fie” (weed approaching home). These are, however, different from phrasal verb basically because they do not use position elements as integral elements of the structure. Again, they do not have the idiomaticity associated with phrasal verbs. Other researche ...
... adjuncts such as “fie” (home), as in “d bra fie” (weed approaching home). These are, however, different from phrasal verb basically because they do not use position elements as integral elements of the structure. Again, they do not have the idiomaticity associated with phrasal verbs. Other researche ...
Word meaning, sentence meaning, and syntactic
... (Harris & Taylor 1997), and for most of that history they have been treated no differently from words – forms with specific meanings and functions. However, with the advent of generative grammar, constructions came to be seen as something of an embarrassment. It is easy to understand why: the idea t ...
... (Harris & Taylor 1997), and for most of that history they have been treated no differently from words – forms with specific meanings and functions. However, with the advent of generative grammar, constructions came to be seen as something of an embarrassment. It is easy to understand why: the idea t ...
Active/agentive Case Marking and Its Motivations
... nominals in each case, e.g. to go or get up versus to be sick or sleepy. Such classifications are not restricted to the domain of case marking, but have also been noticed in derivational morphology (Home 1980), auxiliary selection, passivization, and elsewhere. There has been considerable discussion ...
... nominals in each case, e.g. to go or get up versus to be sick or sleepy. Such classifications are not restricted to the domain of case marking, but have also been noticed in derivational morphology (Home 1980), auxiliary selection, passivization, and elsewhere. There has been considerable discussion ...
3 `Derivational verbs` and other multiple
... This work is based on a rich corpus of Awetí speech data (including more than 80 hours of audio recordings), a large part of which has been transcribed (see Awetí Documentation in the references). A major part of the transcribed texts has also been translated. In the transcribed texts, I found more ...
... This work is based on a rich corpus of Awetí speech data (including more than 80 hours of audio recordings), a large part of which has been transcribed (see Awetí Documentation in the references). A major part of the transcribed texts has also been translated. In the transcribed texts, I found more ...
What Are Irregular Verbs?
... different meaning to that of the original verb. Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs are those that don’t take on the regular spelling patterns of past simple and past participle verbs. ...
... different meaning to that of the original verb. Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs are those that don’t take on the regular spelling patterns of past simple and past participle verbs. ...
The Case of Old English HRĒOW
... Complex Word bēatere ‘boxer’. In functional terms, the affixal predicate -ere takes up the syntactic position of First Argument. Other lexical categories, including the Adjective and the Adverb, as well as affixal predicates, do not allow for argumental slots. For this reason, subordination does not ...
... Complex Word bēatere ‘boxer’. In functional terms, the affixal predicate -ere takes up the syntactic position of First Argument. Other lexical categories, including the Adjective and the Adverb, as well as affixal predicates, do not allow for argumental slots. For this reason, subordination does not ...
The syntax of preverbal ge- in Old English
... ê The difference between HAVE and BE is thus gone, and aside from the verb cuman, ge- is essentially categorical with both. Consider what this means for our analysis of ge-: + Since its distribution is so categorical once we carefully distinguish contexts, it is plausible to think that it realizes a ...
... ê The difference between HAVE and BE is thus gone, and aside from the verb cuman, ge- is essentially categorical with both. Consider what this means for our analysis of ge-: + Since its distribution is so categorical once we carefully distinguish contexts, it is plausible to think that it realizes a ...
The Layered Structure of Syntactic VV Compounds in
... station. front-at speech-Acc do-forget-PAST 'The mayor forgot to make a speech (in front of the station).' In (4a), the agent-oriented adverb cannot be associated with the embedded verb, and thus (4a) does not mean that Ken forgot about taking an action of running willingly. Interestingly, when the ...
... station. front-at speech-Acc do-forget-PAST 'The mayor forgot to make a speech (in front of the station).' In (4a), the agent-oriented adverb cannot be associated with the embedded verb, and thus (4a) does not mean that Ken forgot about taking an action of running willingly. Interestingly, when the ...
The limits of deponency - Jonathan Bobaljik
... morphology), inflectional morphology shows significant internal allomorphy, with agreement markers showing allomorphy for tense, aspect and mood. Only those aspects of this allomorphy directly relevant to the discussion are indicated here, thus the reader may note the same features in the gloss havi ...
... morphology), inflectional morphology shows significant internal allomorphy, with agreement markers showing allomorphy for tense, aspect and mood. Only those aspects of this allomorphy directly relevant to the discussion are indicated here, thus the reader may note the same features in the gloss havi ...
Lexical, Morphological, and Syntactic Aspects of Verb Production in
... These findings are compatible with theories on functional projection in aphasia, like the ones from Hagiwara (1995) and Friedmann and Grodzinsky (1997); Positions high in the syntactic tree are difficult to realize for agrammatic speakers. There are some drawbacks to these conclusions that were brou ...
... These findings are compatible with theories on functional projection in aphasia, like the ones from Hagiwara (1995) and Friedmann and Grodzinsky (1997); Positions high in the syntactic tree are difficult to realize for agrammatic speakers. There are some drawbacks to these conclusions that were brou ...
Cognate objects in Chinese
... University of Toronto It has been observed that in English while unergative verbs can take cognate objects, transitive verbs or unaccusative verbs cannot (Massam 1990). However, in Chinese, not only can intransitives take cognate objects, transitives can also take cognate objects. Furthermore, when ...
... University of Toronto It has been observed that in English while unergative verbs can take cognate objects, transitive verbs or unaccusative verbs cannot (Massam 1990). However, in Chinese, not only can intransitives take cognate objects, transitives can also take cognate objects. Furthermore, when ...
Irregular Verbs
... You probably know that every sentence has at least one verb in it. There are two main types of verbs. Action verbs are used to depict activities that are doable, and linking verbs are used to describe conditions. Both action verbs and linking verbs can accompany auxiliary verbs including the three m ...
... You probably know that every sentence has at least one verb in it. There are two main types of verbs. Action verbs are used to depict activities that are doable, and linking verbs are used to describe conditions. Both action verbs and linking verbs can accompany auxiliary verbs including the three m ...
Do sentences have tense?
... Finally, there is the morphological region of the lexicon (Mrph, cf. Mayo 2000: 1999). It contains all kinds of affixes. Among the features encoded in Mrph we find again the agreement and the inflectional class features, which, as other features, thus have competing different origins. Moreover, Mrph ...
... Finally, there is the morphological region of the lexicon (Mrph, cf. Mayo 2000: 1999). It contains all kinds of affixes. Among the features encoded in Mrph we find again the agreement and the inflectional class features, which, as other features, thus have competing different origins. Moreover, Mrph ...
English Main Verbs Move Never - ScholarlyCommons
... Branigan and Collins assume that English AgrO may have either a weak or a strong N-feature. In the first case, checking of this feature via V to AgrO raising is delayed until LF as in (5b). In the second case, checking/verb raising must happen in overt syntax as in (5b'). If the N-feature of AgrO is ...
... Branigan and Collins assume that English AgrO may have either a weak or a strong N-feature. In the first case, checking of this feature via V to AgrO raising is delayed until LF as in (5b). In the second case, checking/verb raising must happen in overt syntax as in (5b'). If the N-feature of AgrO is ...
Double Double, Morphology and Trouble: Looking into
... or distribute/apply the action over different objects, when the semantics of the event does not allow the action to be repeated again and again, such as killing one animal.4 The examples in (7) show more semantic variation on reduplication, such as an additional meaning of purposelessness for duduk- ...
... or distribute/apply the action over different objects, when the semantics of the event does not allow the action to be repeated again and again, such as killing one animal.4 The examples in (7) show more semantic variation on reduplication, such as an additional meaning of purposelessness for duduk- ...
Building Statives - Semantics Archive
... Two kinds of adjectival passives The adjectival passive construction that is traditionally called ‘Zustandspassiv’ (‘state passive’) in German seems to have the same syntactic and semantic properties as its English cousin, except that it is easier to identify. German state or adjectival passives sel ...
... Two kinds of adjectival passives The adjectival passive construction that is traditionally called ‘Zustandspassiv’ (‘state passive’) in German seems to have the same syntactic and semantic properties as its English cousin, except that it is easier to identify. German state or adjectival passives sel ...
Building Statives
... Two kinds of adjectival passives The adjectival passive construction that is traditionally called ‘Zustandspassiv’ (‘state passive’) in German seems to have the same syntactic and semantic properties as its English cousin, except that it is easier to identify. German state or adjectival passives sel ...
... Two kinds of adjectival passives The adjectival passive construction that is traditionally called ‘Zustandspassiv’ (‘state passive’) in German seems to have the same syntactic and semantic properties as its English cousin, except that it is easier to identify. German state or adjectival passives sel ...
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax
... encyclopaedic content on the one hand, and phonetic content on the other. This is one reason not to embrace the complete radical constructionalism of Borer 2005: in the absence of any syntactic information at all, the lexicon reduces to a nomenclature whose cooption by the syntactic combinatoric sys ...
... encyclopaedic content on the one hand, and phonetic content on the other. This is one reason not to embrace the complete radical constructionalism of Borer 2005: in the absence of any syntactic information at all, the lexicon reduces to a nomenclature whose cooption by the syntactic combinatoric sys ...
pdf version - Universität Leipzig
... facts of human language such as double articulation and the existence of neogrammarian change, but it fails to make sense of the observation that fine phonetic detail is also affected by gradient usage-related properties of lexical items such as token frequency and neighbourhood density. Exemplar Th ...
... facts of human language such as double articulation and the existence of neogrammarian change, but it fails to make sense of the observation that fine phonetic detail is also affected by gradient usage-related properties of lexical items such as token frequency and neighbourhood density. Exemplar Th ...
gems: a model of sentence production
... First of all, the central processor starts the whole process by selecting in ENC a unit having a specified argument as one of its arguments or as its label, and then looking up in VOC a lexical entry that can lexicalize this unit, i.e. that has this unit as the lexical entry's SU. This is the first ...
... First of all, the central processor starts the whole process by selecting in ENC a unit having a specified argument as one of its arguments or as its label, and then looking up in VOC a lexical entry that can lexicalize this unit, i.e. that has this unit as the lexical entry's SU. This is the first ...
00-IJAL 70.3.book
... pattern. Additionally, a large group of verbs have the stem formative +hV in their F-form. The vowel of this formative copies the vowel in the morphological root. Like verbs in table 4, these verbs drop the formative entirely when they inflect in B-form (and they also receive a glottal stop suffix). E ...
... pattern. Additionally, a large group of verbs have the stem formative +hV in their F-form. The vowel of this formative copies the vowel in the morphological root. Like verbs in table 4, these verbs drop the formative entirely when they inflect in B-form (and they also receive a glottal stop suffix). E ...