Constraining XP Sequences
... paper we assume that subject markers and object markers are Agr-S and Agr-O functional heads respectively ( see Demuth 1992, 1994). The underlying structure of Bantu IPs is then relatively transparent, generally consisting of an Agr-S (As), a tense/modal/aspect formative (henceforth T(ense)), an opt ...
... paper we assume that subject markers and object markers are Agr-S and Agr-O functional heads respectively ( see Demuth 1992, 1994). The underlying structure of Bantu IPs is then relatively transparent, generally consisting of an Agr-S (As), a tense/modal/aspect formative (henceforth T(ense)), an opt ...
Document
... objective of the grammarian, according to this framework, is to extract meaning from a sentence as spoken by a lay person. It works with the assumption that language is used for communication. The meaning in a sentence is encoded, not only in words (the lexical items), but also in the relations betw ...
... objective of the grammarian, according to this framework, is to extract meaning from a sentence as spoken by a lay person. It works with the assumption that language is used for communication. The meaning in a sentence is encoded, not only in words (the lexical items), but also in the relations betw ...
RTF file
... ‘I was the one who hit him.’ Jaa' x-in-ch'ey-ow-i. he CP-B1SG-hit-AF-TERM ‘He was the one who hit me.’ [Dayley 1985:349] ...
... ‘I was the one who hit him.’ Jaa' x-in-ch'ey-ow-i. he CP-B1SG-hit-AF-TERM ‘He was the one who hit me.’ [Dayley 1985:349] ...
Eimi and the adjectival participle in Ancient Greek
... or ‘adjectivised’. As a consequence, it is stressed that we cannot speak of true periphrasis in these cases. Not surprisingly, this primarily concerns constructions with lexically imperfective verbs, especially those where the participle is derived from an impersonal and intransitive content verb, e ...
... or ‘adjectivised’. As a consequence, it is stressed that we cannot speak of true periphrasis in these cases. Not surprisingly, this primarily concerns constructions with lexically imperfective verbs, especially those where the participle is derived from an impersonal and intransitive content verb, e ...
Weighing semantic distinctions
... The contributions were collected from authors, who are all well-known and acknowledged experts in language typology. All articles represent original research in various grammatical domains. They deal with theoretical issues such as the nature of linguistic categories, the structure of morphological ...
... The contributions were collected from authors, who are all well-known and acknowledged experts in language typology. All articles represent original research in various grammatical domains. They deal with theoretical issues such as the nature of linguistic categories, the structure of morphological ...
`Nearly free` control as an underspecified de se report - CSSP
... (12) Johni talked to Maryj about PROi+j/gen taking good care of themselvesi+j/oneselfgen . Given that both subject and object control are derived as an obligatory consequence of the different underlying structures, it is unclear how ‘subject + object’ control, namely split control, and generic contr ...
... (12) Johni talked to Maryj about PROi+j/gen taking good care of themselvesi+j/oneselfgen . Given that both subject and object control are derived as an obligatory consequence of the different underlying structures, it is unclear how ‘subject + object’ control, namely split control, and generic contr ...
The Morphosyntactic Typology of Oceanic
... There is another, much smaller, non-canonic type also regionally based. This consists of verb-second languages, i.e., languages in which the verb phrase is the second constituent of the clause and where the first constituent is a core noun phrase or adjunct. The choice of the first constituent appea ...
... There is another, much smaller, non-canonic type also regionally based. This consists of verb-second languages, i.e., languages in which the verb phrase is the second constituent of the clause and where the first constituent is a core noun phrase or adjunct. The choice of the first constituent appea ...
Deverbal reflexive and passive in Chuvash (JSFOu 94)
... 1.2. Common Turkic passive suffix ‑lAccording to Serebrennikov and Gadžieva (1986: 200–201) the passive suffix ‑l/‑ıl/ ‑il already existed in the ancient Turkic languages known to us and these forms can be found on various literary monuments. The passive suffix can be added to transitive stems. Lev ...
... 1.2. Common Turkic passive suffix ‑lAccording to Serebrennikov and Gadžieva (1986: 200–201) the passive suffix ‑l/‑ıl/ ‑il already existed in the ancient Turkic languages known to us and these forms can be found on various literary monuments. The passive suffix can be added to transitive stems. Lev ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
... - bare stems that are not finite but can be made finite by fusing them with some FIN; a (simple or complex) form which can be made finite will be called ‘FIN-linkable’; - forms which are explicitly marked as non-finite, i.e., participle and infinitive; these cannot be fused with some FIN; but normal ...
This chapter accounts an overview of Manipuri clause and it
... The temporal, hje ‘tomorrow’ in 12(a) and (b) occurs immediately after and before the subject respectively. For similar reasons, the locative, mpand ‘out side’ in 13(a) and (b) occurs immediately after and before the subject Chaoba respectively. However, the adverbial manner pɉn ‘nicely’ in ...
... The temporal, hje ‘tomorrow’ in 12(a) and (b) occurs immediately after and before the subject respectively. For similar reasons, the locative, mpand ‘out side’ in 13(a) and (b) occurs immediately after and before the subject Chaoba respectively. However, the adverbial manner pɉn ‘nicely’ in ...
resdep - Semantics Archive
... glass.n be-past.3s empty leave-past.1s glass-a empty-tra ‘The glass was empty. I left it empty.’ ...
... glass.n be-past.3s empty leave-past.1s glass-a empty-tra ‘The glass was empty. I left it empty.’ ...
Resultatives and Depictives in Finnish 1
... glass.n be-past.3s empty leave-past.1s glass-a empty-tra ‘The glass was empty. I left it empty.’ ...
... glass.n be-past.3s empty leave-past.1s glass-a empty-tra ‘The glass was empty. I left it empty.’ ...
Päike sulatas suure jääpurika ära.
... and motion are connected to ‘measuring out’ the event. Only objects can perform ‘measuring out’; a verb can describe only one ‘measuring out’ of an event. Tenny’s Measuring Out Constraint does not say anything about verbs without direct internal arguments. Van Hout (2000), on the other hand, studies ...
... and motion are connected to ‘measuring out’ the event. Only objects can perform ‘measuring out’; a verb can describe only one ‘measuring out’ of an event. Tenny’s Measuring Out Constraint does not say anything about verbs without direct internal arguments. Van Hout (2000), on the other hand, studies ...
Subjectification, syntax, and communication. In
... These descriptions allow analogous application to the difference between example (1) and those in (2)-(4); we may say that the sense of expectation inspired by (2)—(4) can only be attributed to a subjective evaluation by the conceptualiser, and that he, rather than the subject of the sentence, foret ...
... These descriptions allow analogous application to the difference between example (1) and those in (2)-(4); we may say that the sense of expectation inspired by (2)—(4) can only be attributed to a subjective evaluation by the conceptualiser, and that he, rather than the subject of the sentence, foret ...
Noun-Verb Complex Predicates In Kurmanji Kurdish A syntactic
... immediately pre-predicate, (iii) with accusative alignment they get the oblique case (ACC in our sense), (iv) with ergative alignment, they determine person and number agreement on the predicate, and (v) only direct objects achieve subjecthood under passivization. It should be noted that (iv) is not ...
... immediately pre-predicate, (iii) with accusative alignment they get the oblique case (ACC in our sense), (iv) with ergative alignment, they determine person and number agreement on the predicate, and (v) only direct objects achieve subjecthood under passivization. It should be noted that (iv) is not ...
A constructional approach to English verbal gerunds
... and a subject. Since a verbal gerund selects for the same complements as the verb it is derived from, the phrase formed by a verbal gerund and its complements will look like a VP. And, since a gerund selects for both a subject and a specifier, it will be eligible to head either a nonfin-head-subj-cx ...
... and a subject. Since a verbal gerund selects for the same complements as the verb it is derived from, the phrase formed by a verbal gerund and its complements will look like a VP. And, since a gerund selects for both a subject and a specifier, it will be eligible to head either a nonfin-head-subj-cx ...
The Semantics of Russian Genitive of Negation: The Nature and
... THE SEMANTICS OF RUSSIAN GENITIVE OF NEGATION: PERSPECTIVAL STRUCTURE In the general case, we assume that verbs have their normal literal meaning, which in most cases is not simply "exist" or "be". If the GenNeg construction is used, the hearer uses contextual information to support an accommodatio ...
... THE SEMANTICS OF RUSSIAN GENITIVE OF NEGATION: PERSPECTIVAL STRUCTURE In the general case, we assume that verbs have their normal literal meaning, which in most cases is not simply "exist" or "be". If the GenNeg construction is used, the hearer uses contextual information to support an accommodatio ...
Do we need summary and sequential scanning in
... as the entities themselves), as is shown for two arbitrary entities e1 and e2 in Figure 4b. R elations can be either processes or atemporal relations. The former involve sequential scanning, that is, they are relations with a positive temporal profile or, to put it differently, they are relations sc ...
... as the entities themselves), as is shown for two arbitrary entities e1 and e2 in Figure 4b. R elations can be either processes or atemporal relations. The former involve sequential scanning, that is, they are relations with a positive temporal profile or, to put it differently, they are relations sc ...
Nouns and verbs in Tagalog: a reply to Foley
... A second important feature of Tagalog, and Philippine-type languages generally, is their extremely rich voice system. Foley describes these voice systems as being “symmetric”. This term indicates three crucial features: (i) the lack of an unmarked voice category (there is no form of the verb which i ...
... A second important feature of Tagalog, and Philippine-type languages generally, is their extremely rich voice system. Foley describes these voice systems as being “symmetric”. This term indicates three crucial features: (i) the lack of an unmarked voice category (there is no form of the verb which i ...
Le: from pronoun to intensifier*
... Córrele (example [1]) is not transitive or telic. There is no direct object, much less a definite, individuated one. Córrele means ‘do the running’, that is, it is an intensification of the verbal action. Le sabe (example [4]) is parallel to córrele. Le sabe is not about complete knowledge or dom ...
... Córrele (example [1]) is not transitive or telic. There is no direct object, much less a definite, individuated one. Córrele means ‘do the running’, that is, it is an intensification of the verbal action. Le sabe (example [4]) is parallel to córrele. Le sabe is not about complete knowledge or dom ...
HSK Grammatical relations Primus
... of major constituents (e. g. attribute of a noun). For this reason, this article will focus on grammatical relations at the major clausal level. The main issues connected to grammatical relations can be formulated as follows: (i) Are grammatical relations basic or derived notions? If they are derive ...
... of major constituents (e. g. attribute of a noun). For this reason, this article will focus on grammatical relations at the major clausal level. The main issues connected to grammatical relations can be formulated as follows: (i) Are grammatical relations basic or derived notions? If they are derive ...
Detransitivisation in Irish Sign Language ESF Intersign Workshop on
... referents may control agreement when these referents receive roles more typically associated with animate referents: the roles of agent, experiencer and recipient. However, the role of patient can be assigned to either animate or inanimate referents although only animate referents with the role of p ...
... referents may control agreement when these referents receive roles more typically associated with animate referents: the roles of agent, experiencer and recipient. However, the role of patient can be assigned to either animate or inanimate referents although only animate referents with the role of p ...
draft - University of Delaware
... This type of case has been referred to as “lexical” case, “inherent” case, or “quirky” case; to avoid the question of whether there are different varieties, I will simply refer to “non-structural case.” If this is the distinction—case not depending on the particular lexical items involved or the pa ...
... This type of case has been referred to as “lexical” case, “inherent” case, or “quirky” case; to avoid the question of whether there are different varieties, I will simply refer to “non-structural case.” If this is the distinction—case not depending on the particular lexical items involved or the pa ...
Walenty: Towards a comprehensive valence dictionary of Polish
... Specification of nominal arguments includes information about their case. However, this is insufficient in Polish to uniquely determine grammatical subjects and objects: the former do not have to be nominal at all, but – depending on the verb – may sometimes be clausal or infinitival, the latter do ...
... Specification of nominal arguments includes information about their case. However, this is insufficient in Polish to uniquely determine grammatical subjects and objects: the former do not have to be nominal at all, but – depending on the verb – may sometimes be clausal or infinitival, the latter do ...