A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits
... Nitrogen is needed for building proteins. All organisms need it. Nitrogen is 78% of the atmosphere.---but only 1 type of organism can get the nitrogen from the air. ...
... Nitrogen is needed for building proteins. All organisms need it. Nitrogen is 78% of the atmosphere.---but only 1 type of organism can get the nitrogen from the air. ...
Cellular Respiration
... In the above equation oxygen is the electron acceptor in the oxidation of glucose Most organisms are obligate aerobes – they require oxygen and cannot survive without it Obligate anaerobes (some species of bacteria) use other molecules as the final electron acceptor and must live in environments tha ...
... In the above equation oxygen is the electron acceptor in the oxidation of glucose Most organisms are obligate aerobes – they require oxygen and cannot survive without it Obligate anaerobes (some species of bacteria) use other molecules as the final electron acceptor and must live in environments tha ...
Microbiology pathways
... Uses Glycolysis but does not use the TCA cycle or Electron Transport Chain Releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules, but only 2 ATP for each glucose Does not use O2 o or inorganic electron acceptors Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor Produces only small amounts of ...
... Uses Glycolysis but does not use the TCA cycle or Electron Transport Chain Releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules, but only 2 ATP for each glucose Does not use O2 o or inorganic electron acceptors Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor Produces only small amounts of ...
9.3 student Fill in notes
... In the second stage, pyruvate either passes through the _________________ or undergoes ___________________ – Fermentation recycles __________ but does not produce _____________. ...
... In the second stage, pyruvate either passes through the _________________ or undergoes ___________________ – Fermentation recycles __________ but does not produce _____________. ...
Document
... Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. The electron carriers produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle bring high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain. Oxygen is th ...
... Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. The electron carriers produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle bring high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain. Oxygen is th ...
Séminaire de l`IPBS Axel Magalon Laboratoire de Chimie
... prokaryotes are characterized by the coexistence of several complexes both at the electron input and output leading to multiple electron transfer routes. Such a metabolic flexibility accounts for colonization of multiple environments and adaptation to environmental changes such as the ones encounter ...
... prokaryotes are characterized by the coexistence of several complexes both at the electron input and output leading to multiple electron transfer routes. Such a metabolic flexibility accounts for colonization of multiple environments and adaptation to environmental changes such as the ones encounter ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain • Generates proton gradient or proton motive force (pmf) • In chemiosmosis, pmf generates energy via oxidative ...
... • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain • Generates proton gradient or proton motive force (pmf) • In chemiosmosis, pmf generates energy via oxidative ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... Describe the chemical reactions of glycolysis. Explain the products of the Krebs cycle. Describe the chemiosmotic model for ATP generation. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Describe the chemical reactions and some products of ...
... Describe the chemical reactions of glycolysis. Explain the products of the Krebs cycle. Describe the chemiosmotic model for ATP generation. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Describe the chemical reactions and some products of ...
Criteria for Classification of Bacteria
... approved list of bacterial names. This list of about 2500 species replaces a former list that had grown to over 30,000 names. since January 1, 1980, only the new list of names has been considered valid. Description of the Major Categories & Groups of Bacteria: There are two different groups of proka ...
... approved list of bacterial names. This list of about 2500 species replaces a former list that had grown to over 30,000 names. since January 1, 1980, only the new list of names has been considered valid. Description of the Major Categories & Groups of Bacteria: There are two different groups of proka ...
REVIEW FOR TEST 3: ENERGETICS
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
The Kreb`s Cycle - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... the inner membrane of the mitochondrion – known as the cristae. The cristae allow for a greater surface area for chemical reactions to occur. This is the part of cellular respiration that oxygen is used. • Chemiosmosis – The process in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient acros ...
... the inner membrane of the mitochondrion – known as the cristae. The cristae allow for a greater surface area for chemical reactions to occur. This is the part of cellular respiration that oxygen is used. • Chemiosmosis – The process in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient acros ...
Autotrophic, Heterotrophic and Other Nutritional Patterns
... originally emitted from the vents as an energy source to fix carbon dioxide from the surrounding sea water into sugars. The role of heat-shock proteins as chaperons, which have a crucial part in assembling and reassembling complex proteins, may date from this hazardous environment. The sulfur cycle ...
... originally emitted from the vents as an energy source to fix carbon dioxide from the surrounding sea water into sugars. The role of heat-shock proteins as chaperons, which have a crucial part in assembling and reassembling complex proteins, may date from this hazardous environment. The sulfur cycle ...
Gas Exchange
... • Organisms that live in aquatic, marine, or even moist terrestrial environments and which have all tissues within 1 mm of the moist integument, do not have specialized gas exchange structures nor do they require a circulatory system to transport oxygen. In some, such as nemertean worms a circulator ...
... • Organisms that live in aquatic, marine, or even moist terrestrial environments and which have all tissues within 1 mm of the moist integument, do not have specialized gas exchange structures nor do they require a circulatory system to transport oxygen. In some, such as nemertean worms a circulator ...
Lecture 29
... true for a) Note changes in structure: between b-monomers – see big double-headed arrows at points of contact – see small arrows Binding of the O2 on one heme is more difficult but its binding causes a shift in the a1-b2 (& a2-b1) contacts and moves the distal His E7 and Val E11 out of the oxygen’s ...
... true for a) Note changes in structure: between b-monomers – see big double-headed arrows at points of contact – see small arrows Binding of the O2 on one heme is more difficult but its binding causes a shift in the a1-b2 (& a2-b1) contacts and moves the distal His E7 and Val E11 out of the oxygen’s ...
Cell Energyrespiration
... Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and it joins with the H+ to produce H2O. ...
... Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and it joins with the H+ to produce H2O. ...
Cellular Respiration
... that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH and FADH2 ...
... that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH and FADH2 ...
Electron Transport Chain _ETC
... Energy-rich molecules, such as glucose, are metabolized by a series of oxidation reactions ultimately yielding Co2 and water. The metabolic intermediates of these reactions donate electrons to specific coenzymes ( NAD+,FAD) and The reduced form of these coenzymes ( NADH,FADH2) can, in turn, each don ...
... Energy-rich molecules, such as glucose, are metabolized by a series of oxidation reactions ultimately yielding Co2 and water. The metabolic intermediates of these reactions donate electrons to specific coenzymes ( NAD+,FAD) and The reduced form of these coenzymes ( NADH,FADH2) can, in turn, each don ...
Photosynthesis/Respiration
... • NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinuceotide phosphate) (electron carrier): NADP+ could accept two high charged electrons to form NADPH which could later form ATP. • ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate): electrons could form ATP by adding phosphate group to ADP or AMP to form ATP. (adenosine Triphosphate, Diph ...
... • NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinuceotide phosphate) (electron carrier): NADP+ could accept two high charged electrons to form NADPH which could later form ATP. • ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate): electrons could form ATP by adding phosphate group to ADP or AMP to form ATP. (adenosine Triphosphate, Diph ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
... four classes of macromolecules (polysaccharides or carbohydrates, triglycerides or lipids, polypeptides or proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA). Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). ...
... four classes of macromolecules (polysaccharides or carbohydrates, triglycerides or lipids, polypeptides or proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA). Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... ATP synthase. ATP synthase is a membrane-bound enzyme that uses the energy of the proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP + Pi. ...
... ATP synthase. ATP synthase is a membrane-bound enzyme that uses the energy of the proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP + Pi. ...
The History of Life
... Developed by Alexander Oparin. Earth’s ancient atmosphere probably contained nitrogen, methane, and ammonia gases, but little to no oxygen. Energy from sun fueled chemical reactions in the ...
... Developed by Alexander Oparin. Earth’s ancient atmosphere probably contained nitrogen, methane, and ammonia gases, but little to no oxygen. Energy from sun fueled chemical reactions in the ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)