Lecture #2 - Suraj @ LUMS
... oxygen: 1. Aerobic bacteria thrive in the presence of oxygen and require it for their continued growth. 2. Anaerobic bacteria cannot tolerate gaseous oxygen, such as those bacteria which live in deep underwater sediments, or ...
... oxygen: 1. Aerobic bacteria thrive in the presence of oxygen and require it for their continued growth. 2. Anaerobic bacteria cannot tolerate gaseous oxygen, such as those bacteria which live in deep underwater sediments, or ...
The electron transport chain is a part of cellular respiration. The
... Which scientific question is most appropriate to investigate the process of ATP production that is shown in the diagram? ...
... Which scientific question is most appropriate to investigate the process of ATP production that is shown in the diagram? ...
Microbial nutrition
... components and can not synthesis by M.O. There are three major classes of growth factor : a- purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis . b- amino acids are needed for protein synthesis . c- vitamins are small organic molecules that usually make –up all or part enzymes and cofactors that are ...
... components and can not synthesis by M.O. There are three major classes of growth factor : a- purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis . b- amino acids are needed for protein synthesis . c- vitamins are small organic molecules that usually make –up all or part enzymes and cofactors that are ...
Cell Respiration
... initiate process, as glucose is stable and won’t catabolize on its own. • Energy payoff : 1) 4 ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation (NET gain of 2 ATP) 2) 4 NAD+ are reduced to NADH, 3) 2 pyruvates (C3H4O3) that can still be used. ...
... initiate process, as glucose is stable and won’t catabolize on its own. • Energy payoff : 1) 4 ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation (NET gain of 2 ATP) 2) 4 NAD+ are reduced to NADH, 3) 2 pyruvates (C3H4O3) that can still be used. ...
Microbial nutrition
... components and can not synthesis by M.O. There are three major classes of growth factor : a- purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis . b- amino acids are needed for protein synthesis . c- vitamins are small organic molecules that usually make –up all or part enzymes and cofactors that are ...
... components and can not synthesis by M.O. There are three major classes of growth factor : a- purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis . b- amino acids are needed for protein synthesis . c- vitamins are small organic molecules that usually make –up all or part enzymes and cofactors that are ...
Bacterial Growth - Belle Vernon Area School District
... with then gelatin (solid over a wider range ...
... with then gelatin (solid over a wider range ...
Organic and Biochemical Compounds (5.4) Notes
... When a compound is made only of carbon and hydrogen atoms it is called a ______________________. ...
... When a compound is made only of carbon and hydrogen atoms it is called a ______________________. ...
Metabolic pathways are
... Phosphatase: Removes a phosphate group from a substrate, no ATP/ADP required (e.g. phosphoglucose phosphatase). Dehydrogenase (redox reactions): Oxidizes or reduces compounds by removal or addition of electrons. Usually two electrons are removed/add at a time, often transferred with a proton (e. ...
... Phosphatase: Removes a phosphate group from a substrate, no ATP/ADP required (e.g. phosphoglucose phosphatase). Dehydrogenase (redox reactions): Oxidizes or reduces compounds by removal or addition of electrons. Usually two electrons are removed/add at a time, often transferred with a proton (e. ...
File
... low F/M: Food available is lower hence, it is endogenous growth of microorganisms (Figure 18.2). For high F/M: Food available is abundant; hence the growth phase is log growth phase. In between the growth rate will be declined growth phase. The biological reactors are typically operated at declining ...
... low F/M: Food available is lower hence, it is endogenous growth of microorganisms (Figure 18.2). For high F/M: Food available is abundant; hence the growth phase is log growth phase. In between the growth rate will be declined growth phase. The biological reactors are typically operated at declining ...
RESPIRATION Production of ATP and CO2 by O2 and organic
... Catabolism: breaking down larger molecules and releasing E Aerobic: in the presence of O2, ½ O2 is final e- acceptor Anaerobic: in the absence of O2 Oxidation: removal of eReduction: addition of eC6H12O6 +6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + E (ATP + Heat) This is typically how Respiration (and Photosynthesis) is re ...
... Catabolism: breaking down larger molecules and releasing E Aerobic: in the presence of O2, ½ O2 is final e- acceptor Anaerobic: in the absence of O2 Oxidation: removal of eReduction: addition of eC6H12O6 +6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + E (ATP + Heat) This is typically how Respiration (and Photosynthesis) is re ...
Review sheet for Week 24 Test What are PRODUCERS
... 38. What is the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS in the NITROGEN CYCLE? NITROGEN IN THE AIRBACTERIA IN THE SOILPLANTSANIMALS 39. Does the NITROGEN cycle use BACTERIA? YES 40. What is COMPOST? NATURE'S PROCESS OF RECYCLING DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATERIALS INTO A RICH SOIL 41. You are setting up a snail aquarium at ...
... 38. What is the SEQUENCE OF EVENTS in the NITROGEN CYCLE? NITROGEN IN THE AIRBACTERIA IN THE SOILPLANTSANIMALS 39. Does the NITROGEN cycle use BACTERIA? YES 40. What is COMPOST? NATURE'S PROCESS OF RECYCLING DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATERIALS INTO A RICH SOIL 41. You are setting up a snail aquarium at ...
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... and glutamate synthase. Inorganic phosphate is the prime source of phosphorus, and almost all bacteria incorporate it directly. Assimilatory reduction of sulphate is the common source of sulphur. Growth factors: Nature has gifted some of the organism with enzymes and biochemical pathways needed to s ...
... and glutamate synthase. Inorganic phosphate is the prime source of phosphorus, and almost all bacteria incorporate it directly. Assimilatory reduction of sulphate is the common source of sulphur. Growth factors: Nature has gifted some of the organism with enzymes and biochemical pathways needed to s ...
the nitrogen cycle: what a gas
... Although nitrogen gas makes up 79% of the Earth’s ___________________, it cannot be used in that form. Nitrogen is needed so cells can make ____________________ and genetic material like ____________________. For this to happen, the nitrogen gas must first be converted into ____________________, whi ...
... Although nitrogen gas makes up 79% of the Earth’s ___________________, it cannot be used in that form. Nitrogen is needed so cells can make ____________________ and genetic material like ____________________. For this to happen, the nitrogen gas must first be converted into ____________________, whi ...
Fossil Record - AaronFreeman
... different ancestors, but have developed similarities (converged) over time due to environmental pressures ...
... different ancestors, but have developed similarities (converged) over time due to environmental pressures ...
Ecology - Choteau Schools
... – Organism that use light energy or energy stored in chemical compounds to make energy-rich compounds. – Example: Plants use sunlight to make energy during the process of photosynthesis. ...
... – Organism that use light energy or energy stored in chemical compounds to make energy-rich compounds. – Example: Plants use sunlight to make energy during the process of photosynthesis. ...
Krebs and ETC
... ATP if formed in step 5 by substrate-level phosphorylation. The phosphate group from succinylCoA is transferred to GDP, forming GTP, which then forms ATP. In step 8, oxaloacetate is formed from malate, which is used as a reactant in step 1. CO2 is released in steps 3 and 4. ...
... ATP if formed in step 5 by substrate-level phosphorylation. The phosphate group from succinylCoA is transferred to GDP, forming GTP, which then forms ATP. In step 8, oxaloacetate is formed from malate, which is used as a reactant in step 1. CO2 is released in steps 3 and 4. ...
Chapter 5 Notes:
... E. Chlorophylls and other pigments involved in absorption of solar energy reside within thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts F. Enzymes are specialized proteins that are necessary for metabolic processes like PHOTOSYNTHESIS because they lower the activation energy needed and control the rate of react ...
... E. Chlorophylls and other pigments involved in absorption of solar energy reside within thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts F. Enzymes are specialized proteins that are necessary for metabolic processes like PHOTOSYNTHESIS because they lower the activation energy needed and control the rate of react ...
Jeopardy Review Enzyme/Energetics
... The process of breaking down pyruvates in the absence of oxygen to obtain energy ...
... The process of breaking down pyruvates in the absence of oxygen to obtain energy ...
Ecology Chapter 3-1
... together in a particular place as well as their nonliving or physical environment. Biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. ...
... together in a particular place as well as their nonliving or physical environment. Biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. ...
Origin of Life Homework Questions Solutions - kyoussef-mci
... atmosphere) by ingesting but not digesting aerobic bacteria (that have mitochondria). Some of these eukaryotic cells developed the ability to respire and photosynthesize by engulfing but not digesting a photosynthetic bacteria (that have chloroplast. This evolution occurred because it was beneficial ...
... atmosphere) by ingesting but not digesting aerobic bacteria (that have mitochondria). Some of these eukaryotic cells developed the ability to respire and photosynthesize by engulfing but not digesting a photosynthetic bacteria (that have chloroplast. This evolution occurred because it was beneficial ...
Prokaryotes
... • Anything smaller is considered to be dissolved • Particulate organic matter is only 10% of the total organic material in the ocean; dissolved organic matter makes up the rest (90%) – Of all the fish, all the whales, all the bacteria, all the organic debris in the oceans, 90% of it is dissolved – V ...
... • Anything smaller is considered to be dissolved • Particulate organic matter is only 10% of the total organic material in the ocean; dissolved organic matter makes up the rest (90%) – Of all the fish, all the whales, all the bacteria, all the organic debris in the oceans, 90% of it is dissolved – V ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)