ENERGY FLOW WITHIN THE CELL (2) LEARNING OBJECTIVES
... CITRIC ACID CYCLE:- Also known as TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle. It is a cyclic process. The cycle involves a sequence of compounds interrelated by oxidation – reduction and other reactions which finally produce CO2 and H2O. It is a final common pathway of breakdown or catabol ...
... CITRIC ACID CYCLE:- Also known as TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle. It is a cyclic process. The cycle involves a sequence of compounds interrelated by oxidation – reduction and other reactions which finally produce CO2 and H2O. It is a final common pathway of breakdown or catabol ...
Overall Summary of ecosystems File
... known as a food chain. In an ecosystem, there are many food chains, and they are interconnected because organisms have feeding relationships with many different other organisms. So food chains in a network known as a food web. The mass or number of organisms at different trophic levels in a food cha ...
... known as a food chain. In an ecosystem, there are many food chains, and they are interconnected because organisms have feeding relationships with many different other organisms. So food chains in a network known as a food web. The mass or number of organisms at different trophic levels in a food cha ...
This is Most of an Old Exam
... _____ 1.Which of the following statements regarding metabolic processes is FALSE? A. Cellular oxidation of food fuels is the immediate source of electrons for oxidative phosphorylation. B. In oxidative phosphorylation, both the electron transport proteins and the ATP synthase molecules are in the sa ...
... _____ 1.Which of the following statements regarding metabolic processes is FALSE? A. Cellular oxidation of food fuels is the immediate source of electrons for oxidative phosphorylation. B. In oxidative phosphorylation, both the electron transport proteins and the ATP synthase molecules are in the sa ...
Principles of Ecology
... photosynthetic organisms. • Second-order (secondary consumers) Carnivores like owls. They eat first order heterotrphs like mice. • Third-order -Carnivores that feed on second order heterotrophs. Ex. Bears, lions, humans ...
... photosynthetic organisms. • Second-order (secondary consumers) Carnivores like owls. They eat first order heterotrphs like mice. • Third-order -Carnivores that feed on second order heterotrophs. Ex. Bears, lions, humans ...
CellularRespirationglycolysis
... • The Krebs cycle extracts the energy of sugar by breaking the acetic acid molecules all the way down to CO2 – The cycle uses some of this energy to make ATP – The cycle also forms NADH and FADH2 ...
... • The Krebs cycle extracts the energy of sugar by breaking the acetic acid molecules all the way down to CO2 – The cycle uses some of this energy to make ATP – The cycle also forms NADH and FADH2 ...
ENVIRONMENTAL
... inorganic substances (carbon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water etc.) involved in natural cycles; Organic compounds (proteins, carbohydrates, humic substances etc.); air, water and substrate environment (i.e., biological base for growth) including the climatic regimes and other physical factors; ...
... inorganic substances (carbon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water etc.) involved in natural cycles; Organic compounds (proteins, carbohydrates, humic substances etc.); air, water and substrate environment (i.e., biological base for growth) including the climatic regimes and other physical factors; ...
EOC Macromolecules
... The students conducted experiments to study digestive enzyme activity. In the rst experiment, the students observed the rate at which salivary amylase breaks down starch (the substrate) in solutions with di erent pH values. The students then performed the same type of experiment with pepsin. The gra ...
... The students conducted experiments to study digestive enzyme activity. In the rst experiment, the students observed the rate at which salivary amylase breaks down starch (the substrate) in solutions with di erent pH values. The students then performed the same type of experiment with pepsin. The gra ...
Unit 06 Lecture Notes: Metabolism and Respiration
... 1) Obtain oxygen from environment using respiratory mechanism a) Air-breathing animals use lungs b) Water-breathing animals use gills or other respiratory epithelia 2) Respiratory mechanism delivers oxygen to blood 3) Blood delivers oxygen to tissues 4) Tissues give CO2 (waste) to blood 5) Blood giv ...
... 1) Obtain oxygen from environment using respiratory mechanism a) Air-breathing animals use lungs b) Water-breathing animals use gills or other respiratory epithelia 2) Respiratory mechanism delivers oxygen to blood 3) Blood delivers oxygen to tissues 4) Tissues give CO2 (waste) to blood 5) Blood giv ...
Natural selection
... The sequence of organisms through which energy flows is called a food chain. Multiple interconnecting food chains constitute a food web. The flow of atoms through an ecosystem involves all the organisms in a community. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles are examples of how these mater ...
... The sequence of organisms through which energy flows is called a food chain. Multiple interconnecting food chains constitute a food web. The flow of atoms through an ecosystem involves all the organisms in a community. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles are examples of how these mater ...
Game project (1)
... occurring only in the presence of light, during which energy captured from light drives the production of ATP. Return ...
... occurring only in the presence of light, during which energy captured from light drives the production of ATP. Return ...
Respiration - College Heights Secondary
... 1. yield per glucose may be 32-38 ATP depending on cell type ...
... 1. yield per glucose may be 32-38 ATP depending on cell type ...
1 Taxonomy
... • Genomics: the study of an organisms genes; used to classify a microorganisms. • Bio remediation: bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage. Bacteria also degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury. • Genetic engineering: a new technique for biotechnology. Bacteria and fungi can produc ...
... • Genomics: the study of an organisms genes; used to classify a microorganisms. • Bio remediation: bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage. Bacteria also degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury. • Genetic engineering: a new technique for biotechnology. Bacteria and fungi can produc ...
Unit# 2B Practice Exam 2B_Cell_Exam_Review
... d. they have combined with another enzyme 20. What determines the sequence and arrangement of amino acids in a protein? a. the number of available atoms in an organism b. the number of hydrogen atoms in fatty acids c. the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in carbohydrates d. the informatio ...
... d. they have combined with another enzyme 20. What determines the sequence and arrangement of amino acids in a protein? a. the number of available atoms in an organism b. the number of hydrogen atoms in fatty acids c. the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in carbohydrates d. the informatio ...
Slide 1
... Energy stored in NADH & FADH2 as electrons from the metabolic pathways is used for ATP synthesis by the process of oxidative phosphorylation When NADH and FADH2 are re-oxidized to NAD+ and FAD, the electrons released from them are transferred through a chain of electron carrier complexes (redox pro ...
... Energy stored in NADH & FADH2 as electrons from the metabolic pathways is used for ATP synthesis by the process of oxidative phosphorylation When NADH and FADH2 are re-oxidized to NAD+ and FAD, the electrons released from them are transferred through a chain of electron carrier complexes (redox pro ...
Lecture 2 - Washington State University
... Anaerobic Chemotrophs Anaerobic Chemoorganotrophs—Respiration • Chemoorganotrophs oxidize organic compounds (e.g., glucose) to obtain energy •Anaerobes often use sulfur, sulfate as electron acceptor ...
... Anaerobic Chemotrophs Anaerobic Chemoorganotrophs—Respiration • Chemoorganotrophs oxidize organic compounds (e.g., glucose) to obtain energy •Anaerobes often use sulfur, sulfate as electron acceptor ...
Ecology
... The movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and non-living parts of an ecosystem. Most ecosystems require a constant inflow of energy from the sun. In terms of matter, such as oxygen and carbon, the Earth is a closed system and it recycles its ...
... The movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and non-living parts of an ecosystem. Most ecosystems require a constant inflow of energy from the sun. In terms of matter, such as oxygen and carbon, the Earth is a closed system and it recycles its ...
Ecology Unit Review Sheet
... Respiration: All organisms metabolize food for energy and produce water as a by-product of respiration. Elimination: Most organisms need water to assist with the elimination of waste products. 33. What is a biosphere and what are the three parts that make it up. Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere 34 ...
... Respiration: All organisms metabolize food for energy and produce water as a by-product of respiration. Elimination: Most organisms need water to assist with the elimination of waste products. 33. What is a biosphere and what are the three parts that make it up. Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere 34 ...
Ecology Unit Review Sheet
... Respiration: All organisms metabolize food for energy and produce water as a by-product of respiration. Elimination: Most organisms need water to assist with the elimination of waste products. 33. What is a biosphere and what are the three parts that make it up. Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere 34 ...
... Respiration: All organisms metabolize food for energy and produce water as a by-product of respiration. Elimination: Most organisms need water to assist with the elimination of waste products. 33. What is a biosphere and what are the three parts that make it up. Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere 34 ...
POPULATION GROWTH What determines the size of a population
... This is called EXPONENTIAL GROWTH. The bacteria appear to be growing rapidly and do not seem to be limited by resources. However, most ecosystems have limited resources and therefore, it is not possible for populations to grow ...
... This is called EXPONENTIAL GROWTH. The bacteria appear to be growing rapidly and do not seem to be limited by resources. However, most ecosystems have limited resources and therefore, it is not possible for populations to grow ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)