Ch. 16 PowerPoint Notes
... – Diagram in which each trophic level is represented by a block with the lowest trophic level on the bottom. ...
... – Diagram in which each trophic level is represented by a block with the lowest trophic level on the bottom. ...
8.3 Cellular Respiration
... • NADH & FADH2 drop off electrons • Electrons move down the electron transport chain • pulled down the chain by oxygen • Hydrogen ions diffuse from an area of high concentration (outside the membrane) to an area of low concentration (inner-membrane space) through ATP synthase. • ATP synthase is like ...
... • NADH & FADH2 drop off electrons • Electrons move down the electron transport chain • pulled down the chain by oxygen • Hydrogen ions diffuse from an area of high concentration (outside the membrane) to an area of low concentration (inner-membrane space) through ATP synthase. • ATP synthase is like ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition 12 Anabolism: The Use of
... b. Other microorganisms use the enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase to synthesize glutamate, which then acts as an amino group donor in transaminase reactions 2. Assimilatory nitrate reduction involves the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, then to hydroxylamine, and finally to ammonia ...
... b. Other microorganisms use the enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase to synthesize glutamate, which then acts as an amino group donor in transaminase reactions 2. Assimilatory nitrate reduction involves the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, then to hydroxylamine, and finally to ammonia ...
1.02_Ecology_Guided_Notes
... Why do organisms need nitrogen? ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ***Living things cannot use nitrogen gas in the air*** How do living things obtain nitrogen? ______________________________________ What is Nitrogen-Fix ...
... Why do organisms need nitrogen? ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ***Living things cannot use nitrogen gas in the air*** How do living things obtain nitrogen? ______________________________________ What is Nitrogen-Fix ...
Lab Exercise 7 - Cellular Respiration
... Heat is produced in both fermentation and aerobic respiration because living cells are never 100% efficient in transforming energy from one usable form (like food molecules) to another usable form (like ATP). A certain amount of energy is always released in a form that cannot power reactions within ...
... Heat is produced in both fermentation and aerobic respiration because living cells are never 100% efficient in transforming energy from one usable form (like food molecules) to another usable form (like ATP). A certain amount of energy is always released in a form that cannot power reactions within ...
Ecology Crossword
... Ecosystem/collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment Biome/group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities Autotroph/organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food ...
... Ecosystem/collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment Biome/group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities Autotroph/organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food ...
CH`s 8 - FacStaff Home Page for CBU
... Regulation of Respiration Feedback inhibition is the most common mechanism for control. If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down. Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in ...
... Regulation of Respiration Feedback inhibition is the most common mechanism for control. If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down. Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in ...
Early Earth and the Origin of Life
... theorized that simple molecules were able to form only because oxygen was absent. WHAM prevalent in atmosphere… (water, hydrogen, ammonia, methane) ...
... theorized that simple molecules were able to form only because oxygen was absent. WHAM prevalent in atmosphere… (water, hydrogen, ammonia, methane) ...
Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
... – Fructose bisphosphate is split into two threecarbon molecules of glyceraldehyde 3phosphate (G3P) – In a series of reactions, each G3P molecule is converted into a pyruvate, generating two ATPs per conversion, for a total of four ATPs – Because two ATPs were used to activate the glucose molecule th ...
... – Fructose bisphosphate is split into two threecarbon molecules of glyceraldehyde 3phosphate (G3P) – In a series of reactions, each G3P molecule is converted into a pyruvate, generating two ATPs per conversion, for a total of four ATPs – Because two ATPs were used to activate the glucose molecule th ...
Biology – Unit 3 Review
... Metabolic functions. Autotroph An organism that can create its own food source. Photosynthesis A cellular process carried out by most plants and some bacteria which captures light energy and uses it in combination with carbon dioxide and water to create glucose, releases oxygen as a waste product. C ...
... Metabolic functions. Autotroph An organism that can create its own food source. Photosynthesis A cellular process carried out by most plants and some bacteria which captures light energy and uses it in combination with carbon dioxide and water to create glucose, releases oxygen as a waste product. C ...
Taxonomy and Evolution
... • Eukarya, which is composed of protists, fungi, plants, and animals. • Bacteria, which corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria. • Archaea, which corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria. ...
... • Eukarya, which is composed of protists, fungi, plants, and animals. • Bacteria, which corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria. • Archaea, which corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria. ...
Matabolic Stoichiometry and Energetics in
... reducing power made available during breakdown of nutrient is carried to biosynthetic reaction. The reducing power is used for the construction of cell components. ...
... reducing power made available during breakdown of nutrient is carried to biosynthetic reaction. The reducing power is used for the construction of cell components. ...
Xe– + Y → X + Ye–
... extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, storing energy in the form of NADH. c. Finally, coenzyme A, a sulfur compound derived from a B vitamin, is attached via its sulfur atom to the acetate, for acetyl CoA, which has a high potential energy. This molecule will now feed its acetyl group into th ...
... extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, storing energy in the form of NADH. c. Finally, coenzyme A, a sulfur compound derived from a B vitamin, is attached via its sulfur atom to the acetate, for acetyl CoA, which has a high potential energy. This molecule will now feed its acetyl group into th ...
Community and Ecosystem Ecology Keystone Species
... • Major driving force: Solar energy, which causes water to evaporate from oceans and other bodies of water • Water leaves the atmosphere as rain, snow, hail, etc. – It eventually returns to the oceans, either by falling directly in them, or as surface runoff (e.g. rivers) – Some water may le ...
... • Major driving force: Solar energy, which causes water to evaporate from oceans and other bodies of water • Water leaves the atmosphere as rain, snow, hail, etc. – It eventually returns to the oceans, either by falling directly in them, or as surface runoff (e.g. rivers) – Some water may le ...
Exam 2 Study Guide
... c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native counterparts d. Cultivated strawberries have eight pairs of chromosomes versus four for their native counterparts e. Cultivated strawberries are likely to be sterile ...
... c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native counterparts d. Cultivated strawberries have eight pairs of chromosomes versus four for their native counterparts e. Cultivated strawberries are likely to be sterile ...
Ecology Guided Notes
... Why do organisms need nitrogen? ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __ ***Living things cannot use nitrogen gas in the air*** How do living things obtain nitrogen? ______________________________________ What is Nitrogen- ...
... Why do organisms need nitrogen? ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __ ***Living things cannot use nitrogen gas in the air*** How do living things obtain nitrogen? ______________________________________ What is Nitrogen- ...
1. Which of the following is not a feature of scientific hypotheses? A
... B) reactions involving certain substrates are catalyzed by certain enzymes. C) enzymes require certain concentrations of substrates. D) reactions with certain activation energies are catalyzed by certain enzymes. E) concentrations of substrates work with certain enzymes. ...
... B) reactions involving certain substrates are catalyzed by certain enzymes. C) enzymes require certain concentrations of substrates. D) reactions with certain activation energies are catalyzed by certain enzymes. E) concentrations of substrates work with certain enzymes. ...
Chapter 8 - Westmount High School
... released back up during an eruption. Fossil fuels: When dead plant and animal matter accumulate and are buried under sediment, they are converted into oil, coal or natural gas after millions of years. The burning of these fossil fuels by humans releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. ...
... released back up during an eruption. Fossil fuels: When dead plant and animal matter accumulate and are buried under sediment, they are converted into oil, coal or natural gas after millions of years. The burning of these fossil fuels by humans releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy ...
... unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy ...
Chapter 9
... phosphorylation—by direct enzymatic transfer of a phosphate to ADP. Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way. • The enzyme that catalyzes the third step, phosphofructokinase (PFK), is an allosteric enzyme. It inhibits glycolysis when the cell has enough ATP and does not need to produce any mo ...
... phosphorylation—by direct enzymatic transfer of a phosphate to ADP. Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way. • The enzyme that catalyzes the third step, phosphofructokinase (PFK), is an allosteric enzyme. It inhibits glycolysis when the cell has enough ATP and does not need to produce any mo ...
micro notes chpt. 8
... enter the TCA cycle and yield an abundance of ATP if oxygen is present. If no oxygen is available, pyruvic acid will enter the fermentation pathway and be converted to acids, alcohols, and/or gases but will not yield any ATP, but rather only NADH. ...
... enter the TCA cycle and yield an abundance of ATP if oxygen is present. If no oxygen is available, pyruvic acid will enter the fermentation pathway and be converted to acids, alcohols, and/or gases but will not yield any ATP, but rather only NADH. ...
ATP Production
... Using the graph bellow, answer the following questions: 1. What is happening over time? 2. What process are taking place? When? 3. What does our body do to compensate for O2? ...
... Using the graph bellow, answer the following questions: 1. What is happening over time? 2. What process are taking place? When? 3. What does our body do to compensate for O2? ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... Animals, some fungi pyruvate lactic acid 3C NADH ...
... Animals, some fungi pyruvate lactic acid 3C NADH ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)