Oxidation
... Fatty Acids and Energy Fatty acids in triglycerides are the principal storage form of energy for most organisms. • Hydrocarbon chains are a highly reduced form of carbon. • The energy yield per gram of fatty acid oxidized is greater than that per gram of carbohydrate oxidized. Energy Energy ...
... Fatty Acids and Energy Fatty acids in triglycerides are the principal storage form of energy for most organisms. • Hydrocarbon chains are a highly reduced form of carbon. • The energy yield per gram of fatty acid oxidized is greater than that per gram of carbohydrate oxidized. Energy Energy ...
AP Biology 2007-2008 Chemistry of Carbon Building
... Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds C atoms are versatile building blocks bonding properties 4 stable covalent bonds ...
... Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds C atoms are versatile building blocks bonding properties 4 stable covalent bonds ...
Proton-motive force
... Pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA (mitochondria) 2 NADH (see below for ATP yield) Citric acid cycle (mitochondria) 2 molecules of GTP from 2 molecules of succinyl-CoA Oxidation of 2 molecules each of isocitrate, -ketoglutarate, and malate yields 6 NADH (see below for ATP yield) Oxidation of 2 molec ...
... Pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA (mitochondria) 2 NADH (see below for ATP yield) Citric acid cycle (mitochondria) 2 molecules of GTP from 2 molecules of succinyl-CoA Oxidation of 2 molecules each of isocitrate, -ketoglutarate, and malate yields 6 NADH (see below for ATP yield) Oxidation of 2 molec ...
Does it Hurt? Exercise for Chronic Pain
... some hormones may drop below normal range. Some hormones are so critical to pain control that a deficiency may enhance pain and retard healing. Tennant F. Pain Ther. 2013 Dec;2(2):75-86. ...
... some hormones may drop below normal range. Some hormones are so critical to pain control that a deficiency may enhance pain and retard healing. Tennant F. Pain Ther. 2013 Dec;2(2):75-86. ...
The Implausibility of Metabolic Cycles on the
... could be diverted to side products, some or all of which might find use at a later stage of chemical evolution. The cycle could not survive if side reactions funneled off more than half of the cycle components irreversibly, because then the concentration of the cycle components would decline exponent ...
... could be diverted to side products, some or all of which might find use at a later stage of chemical evolution. The cycle could not survive if side reactions funneled off more than half of the cycle components irreversibly, because then the concentration of the cycle components would decline exponent ...
Chapter 28 Slides
... If done by Pi, the concentration of Pi would have to be 2700 M However, using ATP, and if [ATP] and [ADP] are equal, [G-6-P]/[G] is maintained at 850 ATP, an activated form of phosphate, makes it possible for cell to carry out reactions while keeping concentrations of metabolites low Copyright © 199 ...
... If done by Pi, the concentration of Pi would have to be 2700 M However, using ATP, and if [ATP] and [ADP] are equal, [G-6-P]/[G] is maintained at 850 ATP, an activated form of phosphate, makes it possible for cell to carry out reactions while keeping concentrations of metabolites low Copyright © 199 ...
Glycolysis - Oregon State University
... The aldolase reaction puts together pieces so A fructose molecule is made with two phosphates in tow Metabolic Melody gluconeogenesis liver’s specialty And one of Oh these gets cleaved offis by a fructose phosphatase Producing sugar foracting the body most admirably (slow) Unless F2,6BP's blocking p ...
... The aldolase reaction puts together pieces so A fructose molecule is made with two phosphates in tow Metabolic Melody gluconeogenesis liver’s specialty And one of Oh these gets cleaved offis by a fructose phosphatase Producing sugar foracting the body most admirably (slow) Unless F2,6BP's blocking p ...
Chapter 24
... anhydrase CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-. Generation of ADP and Pi from ATP is a hydrolysis reaction; however, water does not show up in the equation because incorporation of bicarbonate carbon into malonyl-CoA is accompanied by release of water. Synthesis of palmitoyl-CoA is described as follows Ac ...
... anhydrase CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-. Generation of ADP and Pi from ATP is a hydrolysis reaction; however, water does not show up in the equation because incorporation of bicarbonate carbon into malonyl-CoA is accompanied by release of water. Synthesis of palmitoyl-CoA is described as follows Ac ...
21. glycolysis
... activity. The 2 lobes of hexokinase remain separate in the absence of its substrate molecule, i.e., glucose. However, the conformation changes markedly on binding with glucose and the 2 lobes of the enzyme come together Glucose and surround the substrate. This induced fit is shown in Fig, 21–5. Hexo ...
... activity. The 2 lobes of hexokinase remain separate in the absence of its substrate molecule, i.e., glucose. However, the conformation changes markedly on binding with glucose and the 2 lobes of the enzyme come together Glucose and surround the substrate. This induced fit is shown in Fig, 21–5. Hexo ...
Carbohydrate intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: fructose as
... are frequently found in soft drinks and pre-packaged foods. The most common form of HFCS is HFCS 55, which has 55% fructose compared to sucrose which is 50% fructose. Foods and drinks are made with HFCS 55. A study showed that certain popular sodas and other beverages contain a fructose content appr ...
... are frequently found in soft drinks and pre-packaged foods. The most common form of HFCS is HFCS 55, which has 55% fructose compared to sucrose which is 50% fructose. Foods and drinks are made with HFCS 55. A study showed that certain popular sodas and other beverages contain a fructose content appr ...
Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine
... molecules of the reduced coenzyme NADH, and one molecule of the reduced coenzyme FADH2. Both of these latter molecules are recycled to their oxidized states (NAD+ and FAD, respectively) via the electron transport chain, which generates additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidation of an ...
... molecules of the reduced coenzyme NADH, and one molecule of the reduced coenzyme FADH2. Both of these latter molecules are recycled to their oxidized states (NAD+ and FAD, respectively) via the electron transport chain, which generates additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidation of an ...
Pathophysiology of hepatic failure
... activity of specific enzymes (UDP -GT concentration of pro coagulative factors: II.,V.,VII.,IX.,X. concentration hepatic enzymes – indicators ...
... activity of specific enzymes (UDP -GT concentration of pro coagulative factors: II.,V.,VII.,IX.,X. concentration hepatic enzymes – indicators ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isoma ...
... C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isoma ...
... hypobaric experimental conditions [3] causes weight reduction in both healthy humans and experimental animals [4, 5]. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with or without resting hypoxaemia, it has been shown that there is an inadequate dietary intake for energy expenditure ...
Principles of Metabolic Regulation
... require energy for extended periods of time. For example, ducks generally fly several thousand miles during their annual migration. The flight muscles of migratory birds have a high oxidative capacity and obtain the necessary ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA (obtained from fats) via the citri ...
... require energy for extended periods of time. For example, ducks generally fly several thousand miles during their annual migration. The flight muscles of migratory birds have a high oxidative capacity and obtain the necessary ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA (obtained from fats) via the citri ...
Bile
... Cholesterol is converted into the cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acids, which are then conjugated to an amino acid (glycine or taurine) that is actively secreted into cannaliculi. Bile acids act as detergents; their main function is lipid emulification and solubilization. Bile acid contains both a ...
... Cholesterol is converted into the cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acids, which are then conjugated to an amino acid (glycine or taurine) that is actively secreted into cannaliculi. Bile acids act as detergents; their main function is lipid emulification and solubilization. Bile acid contains both a ...
Krebs Cycle
... to CO2 with concomitant release of NADH, FADH2, and GTP - Such oxidation of acetyl groups occurs via a “cycle” rather than a “pathway”—since both the substrate and the product are identical (oxaloacetate), or simply put, the substrate ultimately cycles to itself in a series of reactions—this is in c ...
... to CO2 with concomitant release of NADH, FADH2, and GTP - Such oxidation of acetyl groups occurs via a “cycle” rather than a “pathway”—since both the substrate and the product are identical (oxaloacetate), or simply put, the substrate ultimately cycles to itself in a series of reactions—this is in c ...
Recent advances in biosynthesis of fatty acids derived products in
... rather conserved in nature. Based on the architecture, FASs can be divided into two classes, type I FASs and type II FASs, which are mainly present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, respectively [3]. The type I FASs consist of large multifunctional polypeptides that carry all the proteins necessary for ...
... rather conserved in nature. Based on the architecture, FASs can be divided into two classes, type I FASs and type II FASs, which are mainly present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, respectively [3]. The type I FASs consist of large multifunctional polypeptides that carry all the proteins necessary for ...
Chromium and Diabetes Links
... The triplets containing proline or hydroxy proline are more stable in collagen-like conformation Proline sterically restricts the N-C rotation and it has limited values of , – 63 ±15 degrees Hence, proline can not be found in other known major protein motif The dihedral angle corresponding ...
... The triplets containing proline or hydroxy proline are more stable in collagen-like conformation Proline sterically restricts the N-C rotation and it has limited values of , – 63 ±15 degrees Hence, proline can not be found in other known major protein motif The dihedral angle corresponding ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.