changes in blood
... absorbed results in reduction in circulating volume of the blood and in dehydration of tissues. Etiology of dehydration: 1) Failure of water intake - Deprivation of water, toxemia, and esophageal obstruction. 2) Excessive fluid loss - Diarrhea is the most common reason, Vomiting, polyuria and loss o ...
... absorbed results in reduction in circulating volume of the blood and in dehydration of tissues. Etiology of dehydration: 1) Failure of water intake - Deprivation of water, toxemia, and esophageal obstruction. 2) Excessive fluid loss - Diarrhea is the most common reason, Vomiting, polyuria and loss o ...
Nose, Nasal cavity & Paranasal sinuses & Pharynx
... pharynx are supplied by the pharyngeal The lymphatics drain into the plexus. deep cervical lymph nodes • except ; the Stylopharyngeus is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve ...
... pharynx are supplied by the pharyngeal The lymphatics drain into the plexus. deep cervical lymph nodes • except ; the Stylopharyngeus is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve ...
File - Wk 1-2
... Understand concepts and associated principles, functional and clinical applications of: 1. The significance of the recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas) noting its relationship to the posterior fornix of the vagina. The rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity betwe ...
... Understand concepts and associated principles, functional and clinical applications of: 1. The significance of the recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas) noting its relationship to the posterior fornix of the vagina. The rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity betwe ...
Deep dissection of the neck
... peri-arterial plexuses vasomotor: constriction of blood vessels ...
... peri-arterial plexuses vasomotor: constriction of blood vessels ...
thick-billed parrot necropsy protocol
... 15500 San Pasqual Valley Rd. Escondido, CA 92027-7017 The Veterinary Advisor is available to answer questions if necessary. Preserve the listed tissues in 10% buffered formalin at a ratio of 1 part tissue to 10 parts formalin. Tissues should be no thicker than 1cm. INCLUDE SECTIONS OF ALL LESIONS an ...
... 15500 San Pasqual Valley Rd. Escondido, CA 92027-7017 The Veterinary Advisor is available to answer questions if necessary. Preserve the listed tissues in 10% buffered formalin at a ratio of 1 part tissue to 10 parts formalin. Tissues should be no thicker than 1cm. INCLUDE SECTIONS OF ALL LESIONS an ...
1 Terminology
... left lumbar- lateral to the umbilicus at the level of the lumbar vertebra, to the left ...
... left lumbar- lateral to the umbilicus at the level of the lumbar vertebra, to the left ...
Respiratory System – Revision notes
... Connective tissue and involuntary muscle join cartilages together – form posterior wall Soft tissue posterior wall is in contact with oesophagus Three layers of tissue cover cartilages of trachea: o Outer layer – fibrous and elastic tissue – encloses the cartilages o Middle layer – cartilages ...
... Connective tissue and involuntary muscle join cartilages together – form posterior wall Soft tissue posterior wall is in contact with oesophagus Three layers of tissue cover cartilages of trachea: o Outer layer – fibrous and elastic tissue – encloses the cartilages o Middle layer – cartilages ...
this PDF file - Journals at the University of Arizona
... utilized India ink suspended in a 2 percent gelatin solution (16,17). Initially, a suspension of India ink in 2 percent gelatin was injected into the pericardial wall between the fibrous (outer) and mesothelial (inner) layers. After lymphatics were visualized near the site of this initial injection, ...
... utilized India ink suspended in a 2 percent gelatin solution (16,17). Initially, a suspension of India ink in 2 percent gelatin was injected into the pericardial wall between the fibrous (outer) and mesothelial (inner) layers. After lymphatics were visualized near the site of this initial injection, ...
Head Features
... composed of: paired mobile cartilages [right & left arytenoid] & three wall cartilages [epiglottis, thyroid, & cricoid] intrinsic and extrinsic skeletal muscles are innervated by vagus n. (vagus is sensory as well) glottis = vocal folds & the intervening cleft (closes to seal the opening into the tr ...
... composed of: paired mobile cartilages [right & left arytenoid] & three wall cartilages [epiglottis, thyroid, & cricoid] intrinsic and extrinsic skeletal muscles are innervated by vagus n. (vagus is sensory as well) glottis = vocal folds & the intervening cleft (closes to seal the opening into the tr ...
page1
... thymic carcinomas, in which the epithelial component shows signs of frank malignancy. WHO has recently classified these neoplasms based upon the morphology of the epithelial component and the ratio of epithelial cells to lymphocytes. The classification system divides these neoplasms into types A, AB ...
... thymic carcinomas, in which the epithelial component shows signs of frank malignancy. WHO has recently classified these neoplasms based upon the morphology of the epithelial component and the ratio of epithelial cells to lymphocytes. The classification system divides these neoplasms into types A, AB ...
19-Pleura & Lungs
... The bronchial vein drain into the azygos & hemiazygos veins Two pulmonary veins leave each lung root to empty into the left atrium ...
... The bronchial vein drain into the azygos & hemiazygos veins Two pulmonary veins leave each lung root to empty into the left atrium ...
GROSS ANATOMY OF THE LIVER
... into right and left terminal branches that enter the porta hepatis behind the arteries. • The hepatic veins (three or more) emerge from the posterior surface of the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava. ...
... into right and left terminal branches that enter the porta hepatis behind the arteries. • The hepatic veins (three or more) emerge from the posterior surface of the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava. ...
GROSS ANATOMY OF THE LIVER
... into right and left terminal branches that enter the porta hepatis behind the arteries. • The hepatic veins (three or more) emerge from the posterior surface of the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava. ...
... into right and left terminal branches that enter the porta hepatis behind the arteries. • The hepatic veins (three or more) emerge from the posterior surface of the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava. ...
Liver, biliary system, pancreas and spleen - iiNet
... Left and right hepatic ducts emerge from porta and merge to form common hepatic duct (4cm) Joined on the right by the cystic duct from the GB to form the common bile duct (810cm long, 5-6mm diameter) Runs in free edge of lesser omentum, passes posterior to D1 and head of pancreas Comes in contact wi ...
... Left and right hepatic ducts emerge from porta and merge to form common hepatic duct (4cm) Joined on the right by the cystic duct from the GB to form the common bile duct (810cm long, 5-6mm diameter) Runs in free edge of lesser omentum, passes posterior to D1 and head of pancreas Comes in contact wi ...
An Overview of Cancer Staging and AJCC Guidelines for the
... It is widely recognized that accurate classification and staging of cancer is an invaluable aid to ensuring that patients receive optimum treatment in accordance with the characteristics their disease in progress. Established staging criteria permit physicians to stratify their patients accurately a ...
... It is widely recognized that accurate classification and staging of cancer is an invaluable aid to ensuring that patients receive optimum treatment in accordance with the characteristics their disease in progress. Established staging criteria permit physicians to stratify their patients accurately a ...
nasopharynx paranasal sinuses and salivary glands ppt
... • Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the brain stem from inferior salivatory nucleus in the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) and then through its tympanic and then the lesser petrosal branch pass into the otic ganglion. There, they synapse with postganglionic fibers which reach the ...
... • Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the brain stem from inferior salivatory nucleus in the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) and then through its tympanic and then the lesser petrosal branch pass into the otic ganglion. There, they synapse with postganglionic fibers which reach the ...
Anterior Jugular Vein
... • The neck is the region of the body that lies between the lower margin of the mandible above and the suprasternal notch and the upper border of the clavicle below. It is strengthened by the cervical part of the vertebral column, which is convex forward and supports the skull. Behind the vertebrae ...
... • The neck is the region of the body that lies between the lower margin of the mandible above and the suprasternal notch and the upper border of the clavicle below. It is strengthened by the cervical part of the vertebral column, which is convex forward and supports the skull. Behind the vertebrae ...
Pelvis and Perinum Forum 2009
... Is accompanied throughout its course by the internal pudendal vessels Pudendal Nerve Block: Performed to relieve pain associated with childbirth. Injection is usually given where the pudendal nerve crosses the lateral aspect of the sacrospinous ligament near its attachment to the ischial spine. The ...
... Is accompanied throughout its course by the internal pudendal vessels Pudendal Nerve Block: Performed to relieve pain associated with childbirth. Injection is usually given where the pudendal nerve crosses the lateral aspect of the sacrospinous ligament near its attachment to the ischial spine. The ...
Veins of the Face and the Neck The facial vein is formed at the
... connected through the ophthalmic veins with the cavernous sinus. The facial vein descends down the face with the facial artery and passes around the lateral side of the mouth. It then crosses the mandible, is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein, and drains into the internal j ...
... connected through the ophthalmic veins with the cavernous sinus. The facial vein descends down the face with the facial artery and passes around the lateral side of the mouth. It then crosses the mandible, is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein, and drains into the internal j ...
26-arches+venous&lymphatics2008-05
... shape + muscles & tendons are also permanently stretched. The causes of flat foot : are both congenital & acquired. It occurs after fatigue or disease of muscles of leg & foot e.g. after long standing, long walking, overweight or illness, so the weak muscles & ligaments are stretched and pain is p ...
... shape + muscles & tendons are also permanently stretched. The causes of flat foot : are both congenital & acquired. It occurs after fatigue or disease of muscles of leg & foot e.g. after long standing, long walking, overweight or illness, so the weak muscles & ligaments are stretched and pain is p ...
Essential Question: How does the organization of
... You would do this procedure to place a central line for many applications. In today’s case you would use it for a chemotherapy port, but there are many other applications, e.g., emergency delivery of drugs or large volumes of fluid, total parenteral nutrition, pacemaker leads, etc, etc. The subclavi ...
... You would do this procedure to place a central line for many applications. In today’s case you would use it for a chemotherapy port, but there are many other applications, e.g., emergency delivery of drugs or large volumes of fluid, total parenteral nutrition, pacemaker leads, etc, etc. The subclavi ...
Posterior pharyngeal wall
... probably in response to URTI. Maximum hypertrophy occurs between 4-10 years, thereafter some regression in size is to be expected, and in old age it atrophies. Waldeyer’s ring is characterized by: ...
... probably in response to URTI. Maximum hypertrophy occurs between 4-10 years, thereafter some regression in size is to be expected, and in old age it atrophies. Waldeyer’s ring is characterized by: ...
Axilla - eCurriculum
... lobes by the retinacula cutis (Grants 12 th ed 1.4). These connective tissue septa extend from the dermis to the fascia that over lies the pectoralis major muscle. The retinacula are more tightly connected to the skin than to the pectoral fascia, this allows the mammary gland to move with ...
... lobes by the retinacula cutis (Grants 12 th ed 1.4). These connective tissue septa extend from the dermis to the fascia that over lies the pectoralis major muscle. The retinacula are more tightly connected to the skin than to the pectoral fascia, this allows the mammary gland to move with ...
Steve`s Anatomy of the Thorax
... More fluid leaves capillaries than returns to them. No fluid movement = oedema + loss of blood volume Lymphatic drains excess fluid Immunological significance ...
... More fluid leaves capillaries than returns to them. No fluid movement = oedema + loss of blood volume Lymphatic drains excess fluid Immunological significance ...
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH
... selective vagotomy, for treatment of peptic ulcer. In this procedure, the antral branches called the “crow’s foot” are preserved, while the more proximal branches are divided as they enter the stomach. ...
... selective vagotomy, for treatment of peptic ulcer. In this procedure, the antral branches called the “crow’s foot” are preserved, while the more proximal branches are divided as they enter the stomach. ...
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin lympha meaning water) directionally towards the heart. The lymphatic system was first described in the seventeenth century independently by Olaus Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin. Unlike the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system is not a closed system. The human circulatory system processes an average of 20 litres of blood per day through capillary filtration, which removes plasma while leaving the blood cells. Roughly 17 litres of the filtered plasma are reabsorbed directly into the blood vessels, while the remaining three litres remain in the interstitial fluid. One of the main functions of the lymph system is to provide an accessory return route to the blood for the surplus three litres.The other main function is that of defense in the immune system. Lymph is very similar to blood plasma: it contains lymphocytes and other white blood cells. It also contains waste products and debris of cells together with bacteria and protein. Associated organs composed of lymphoid tissue are the sites of lymphocyte production. Lymphocytes are concentrated in the lymph nodes. The spleen and the thymus are also lymphoid organs of the immune system. The tonsils are lymphoid organs that are also associated with the digestive system. Lymphoid tissues contain lymphocytes, and also contain other types of cells for support. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes (the primary cellular component of lymph), which also includes the bone marrow, and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system.The blood does not come into direct contact with the parenchymal cells and tissues in the body (except in case of an injury causing rupture of one or more blood vessels), but constituents of the blood first exit the microvascular exchange blood vessels to become interstitial fluid, which comes into contact with the parenchymal cells of the body. Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the initial lymphatic vessels of the lymphatic system. The lymph is then moved along the lymphatic vessel network by either intrinsic contractions of the lymphatic passages or by extrinsic compression of the lymphatic vessels via external tissue forces (e.g., the contractions of skeletal muscles), or by lymph hearts in some animals. The organization of lymph nodes and drainage follows the organization of the body into external and internal regions; therefore, the lymphatic drainage of the head, limbs, and body cavity walls follows an external route, and the lymphatic drainage of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvic cavities follows an internal route. Eventually, the lymph vessels empty into the lymphatic ducts, which drain into one of the two subclavian veins, near their junction with the internal jugular veins.