03-232 Biochemistry Exam III - S2014 Name:________________________
... entirely of alanine residues, is predominately found in the aqueous solution, while the other peptide, which consists of phenylalanine residues, is predominately found dissolved in the membrane. Explain, in quantitative terms, the different behavior of the two peptides. The free energy of transferri ...
... entirely of alanine residues, is predominately found in the aqueous solution, while the other peptide, which consists of phenylalanine residues, is predominately found dissolved in the membrane. Explain, in quantitative terms, the different behavior of the two peptides. The free energy of transferri ...
The Origin of Life - The University of Texas at Dallas
... ask “what was wrong” with such a world, which created the first steps toward life as a departure. In other words, what was the “problem” that a lifeless earth “solved” by the emergence of life? Another analogy will illustrate how this question should be understood. Imagine a large pond of water sitt ...
... ask “what was wrong” with such a world, which created the first steps toward life as a departure. In other words, what was the “problem” that a lifeless earth “solved” by the emergence of life? Another analogy will illustrate how this question should be understood. Imagine a large pond of water sitt ...
The Nitrogen Cycle
... Description of the Nitrogen Cycle • N2 gas in the atmosphere must be taken in by symbiotic bacteria in the roots of plants (legumes) through nitrogen fixation. Then other bacteria change the nitrogen so it can be taken up by plants. Animals eat plants and get nitrogen. When plants and animals die, ...
... Description of the Nitrogen Cycle • N2 gas in the atmosphere must be taken in by symbiotic bacteria in the roots of plants (legumes) through nitrogen fixation. Then other bacteria change the nitrogen so it can be taken up by plants. Animals eat plants and get nitrogen. When plants and animals die, ...
Final Answer Key
... resource. The exam is due on Thursday, June 161hduring the regularly scheduled final exam time. I'll be in the regular classroom to collect the exam and to answer questions. You may also drop it off in my mailbox any time before the end of the regularly scheduled final exam time. ...
... resource. The exam is due on Thursday, June 161hduring the regularly scheduled final exam time. I'll be in the regular classroom to collect the exam and to answer questions. You may also drop it off in my mailbox any time before the end of the regularly scheduled final exam time. ...
The Basics: In Vitro Translation
... exogenous RNA. To ensure efficient translation, each extract must be supplemented with amino acids, energy sources (ATP, GTP), energy regenerating systems (creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase for eukaryotic systems, and phosphoenol pyruvate and pyruvate kinase for the E. coli lysate), and ...
... exogenous RNA. To ensure efficient translation, each extract must be supplemented with amino acids, energy sources (ATP, GTP), energy regenerating systems (creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase for eukaryotic systems, and phosphoenol pyruvate and pyruvate kinase for the E. coli lysate), and ...
The Three-Dimensional Structure of the 15 Domain of the Human
... correlation between the severe skin disorder disease Netherton Syndrome and defects in the gene encoding LEKTI mainly generating premature termination codons of translation. Characterization of recombinant dom15 was carried out by amino acid sequencing, mass spectrometry, RP-HPLC, CD- and NMRspectro ...
... correlation between the severe skin disorder disease Netherton Syndrome and defects in the gene encoding LEKTI mainly generating premature termination codons of translation. Characterization of recombinant dom15 was carried out by amino acid sequencing, mass spectrometry, RP-HPLC, CD- and NMRspectro ...
Introduction to the study of cell biology
... Contains channel-forming protein, called Porin. Permeable to all molecules of 5000 daltons or less. Inner membrane (Impermeability): Contains proteins with three types of functions: (1) Electron-transport chain: Carry out oxidation reactions; (2) ATP synthase: Makes ATP in the matrix; (3) Transport ...
... Contains channel-forming protein, called Porin. Permeable to all molecules of 5000 daltons or less. Inner membrane (Impermeability): Contains proteins with three types of functions: (1) Electron-transport chain: Carry out oxidation reactions; (2) ATP synthase: Makes ATP in the matrix; (3) Transport ...
Regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cells
... derived from the catabolism of some amino acids and pyruvate oxidation, representing perhaps 10-18% of the amount made from fatty acids [14]. T h e oxidation of one molecule of palmitate to eight acetyl-CoA molecules consumes 14 atoms of oxygen, whereas its complete oxidation to CO, and H,O involvin ...
... derived from the catabolism of some amino acids and pyruvate oxidation, representing perhaps 10-18% of the amount made from fatty acids [14]. T h e oxidation of one molecule of palmitate to eight acetyl-CoA molecules consumes 14 atoms of oxygen, whereas its complete oxidation to CO, and H,O involvin ...
Chapter 3. Enzymes
... Some enzymes require both organic and inorganic cofactors, such as cytochrome oxidase which contains heme and Cu. Some enzymes consist of more than one protein subunit (polypeptide chain) with quaternary structures, such as monomeric, oligomeric and multimeric enzymes. ...
... Some enzymes require both organic and inorganic cofactors, such as cytochrome oxidase which contains heme and Cu. Some enzymes consist of more than one protein subunit (polypeptide chain) with quaternary structures, such as monomeric, oligomeric and multimeric enzymes. ...
03-232 Biochemistry
... those with a ΔG≈0 are reversible (2pt) and kept favorable in each pathway by indirect coupling (6 pt) to the energetically favorable reactions that were performed by different enzymes (and often regulated). 11. (12 pts) Please answer one of the following choices on pathway regulation: Choice A: Glyc ...
... those with a ΔG≈0 are reversible (2pt) and kept favorable in each pathway by indirect coupling (6 pt) to the energetically favorable reactions that were performed by different enzymes (and often regulated). 11. (12 pts) Please answer one of the following choices on pathway regulation: Choice A: Glyc ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... respiration has produced from one glucose molecule a net total of 4 ATP (two from glycolysis, and two from the Krebs Cycle). c. Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis. The remaining energy (not yet stored in ATP) from the glucose molecule is stored in the hydrogen atoms attached to NADH and FADH2 ...
... respiration has produced from one glucose molecule a net total of 4 ATP (two from glycolysis, and two from the Krebs Cycle). c. Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis. The remaining energy (not yet stored in ATP) from the glucose molecule is stored in the hydrogen atoms attached to NADH and FADH2 ...
Biology 40S Unit 1
... membrane-bound organelles. Instead of a nucleus, it contains a region rich in DNA called a nucleoid. Surrounding the nucleoid is a region of cytoplasm rich in ribosomes, small structures which do the job of synthesizing proteins. Finally, surrounding the plasma membrane is a cell wall Prokaryotes ca ...
... membrane-bound organelles. Instead of a nucleus, it contains a region rich in DNA called a nucleoid. Surrounding the nucleoid is a region of cytoplasm rich in ribosomes, small structures which do the job of synthesizing proteins. Finally, surrounding the plasma membrane is a cell wall Prokaryotes ca ...
Chapter 7 Problem Set
... this increases the volume occupied by this molecule in solution. The dehydrated solid form of chondroitan sulfate is produced by removal of water molecules and addition of positively charged counterions such as sodium ion which masks the negative charges of the polymer. In this form, the volume of t ...
... this increases the volume occupied by this molecule in solution. The dehydrated solid form of chondroitan sulfate is produced by removal of water molecules and addition of positively charged counterions such as sodium ion which masks the negative charges of the polymer. In this form, the volume of t ...
Document
... synthesis by inhibiting an early step (usually the first “committed” step (unique to the pathway) ...
... synthesis by inhibiting an early step (usually the first “committed” step (unique to the pathway) ...
Exam Two Review Guide Chapter Five Anabolism vs. Catabolism
... combines with which molecule to form citrate in the citric acid cycle? 15. What are the other two names for the citric acid cycle? 16. Account for all the ATP, CO2, H2O NADH+H+ and FADH2 generated by one glucose molecule, then again for one G3P molecule. 17. G3P separates the energy investment phase ...
... combines with which molecule to form citrate in the citric acid cycle? 15. What are the other two names for the citric acid cycle? 16. Account for all the ATP, CO2, H2O NADH+H+ and FADH2 generated by one glucose molecule, then again for one G3P molecule. 17. G3P separates the energy investment phase ...
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
... 1. Draw the structure of leucine and determine the charge on the molecule in a(n) a. acidic solution (pH = 1). b. neutral solution (pH = 7). c. a basic solution (pH = 11) 2. Draw the structure of isoleucine and determine the charge on the molecule in a(n) a. acidic solution (pH = 1). b. neutral solu ...
... 1. Draw the structure of leucine and determine the charge on the molecule in a(n) a. acidic solution (pH = 1). b. neutral solution (pH = 7). c. a basic solution (pH = 11) 2. Draw the structure of isoleucine and determine the charge on the molecule in a(n) a. acidic solution (pH = 1). b. neutral solu ...
Protein
... peptidases digest all the remaining dipeptides and tripeptides into individual amino acids for absorption into the bloodstream. Undigested protein Any parts of proteins that are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine continue on through the large intestine. People with celiac disease, for ...
... peptidases digest all the remaining dipeptides and tripeptides into individual amino acids for absorption into the bloodstream. Undigested protein Any parts of proteins that are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine continue on through the large intestine. People with celiac disease, for ...
Study Guide
... 2. What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis? __________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______ ...
... 2. What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis? __________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______ ...
(a) (b)
... What is the difference between exergonic & endergonic rxns? - Exergonic – releases energy - Endergonic – require energy - Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds – exergonic - Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds – endergonic 7. Where does the energy come from to drive rxns in the body? ...
... What is the difference between exergonic & endergonic rxns? - Exergonic – releases energy - Endergonic – require energy - Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds – exergonic - Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds – endergonic 7. Where does the energy come from to drive rxns in the body? ...
Endosymbiosis: The Evolution of Metabolism
... chloroplasts and blue-green algae (photosynthetic bacteria). You can re-create her experiments using sequences from GenBank and the BLAST sequence similarity tool at the NCBI website (see the Sequence Similarity Tutorial in Appendix B). Start with genes from the mitochondria. What genes are in a mit ...
... chloroplasts and blue-green algae (photosynthetic bacteria). You can re-create her experiments using sequences from GenBank and the BLAST sequence similarity tool at the NCBI website (see the Sequence Similarity Tutorial in Appendix B). Start with genes from the mitochondria. What genes are in a mit ...
Click here - George Mason University
... structure as it exists in the protein (~11.38kcal/mol). The stretch energy shows the greatest energy change meaning that the structure of S-naproxen becomes highly distorted due to attractions from surrounding protein structures. Bend is a measurement of the energy released when deforming angles of ...
... structure as it exists in the protein (~11.38kcal/mol). The stretch energy shows the greatest energy change meaning that the structure of S-naproxen becomes highly distorted due to attractions from surrounding protein structures. Bend is a measurement of the energy released when deforming angles of ...
Glutamine breakdown in rapidly dividing cells: waste or investment?
... Growing cells need a constant and fast supply of both energy and nitrogen substrates. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the plasma, where it functions as a non-toxic nitrogen vehicle(1) and a respiratory fuel.(2) Thus, it is not surprising that glutamine behaves as a key nutrient for rapi ...
... Growing cells need a constant and fast supply of both energy and nitrogen substrates. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the plasma, where it functions as a non-toxic nitrogen vehicle(1) and a respiratory fuel.(2) Thus, it is not surprising that glutamine behaves as a key nutrient for rapi ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.