Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics
... Kinetics of enzymatic reactions 4. Vmax: The maximal rate that can be achieved by an enzyme when all its catalytic sites are occupied by the substrate is referred to as Vmax or maximum velocity. 5. Km: The substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half its maximal value is known as Km or ...
... Kinetics of enzymatic reactions 4. Vmax: The maximal rate that can be achieved by an enzyme when all its catalytic sites are occupied by the substrate is referred to as Vmax or maximum velocity. 5. Km: The substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half its maximal value is known as Km or ...
BCHM 463 Supplemental Problems for Friday, April 2, 2004 1. Write
... answer with regard to your answer to #1. 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed b ...
... answer with regard to your answer to #1. 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed b ...
26_Catabolism of tryacylglycerols oxidation of fatty acids a
... • TGs are delivered to adipose tissue in the form of chylomicrones and VLDL, hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes. • Then fatty acids are reesterified to TGs. • TGs are stored in adipocytes. • To supply energy demands fatty acids and glycer ...
... • TGs are delivered to adipose tissue in the form of chylomicrones and VLDL, hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes. • Then fatty acids are reesterified to TGs. • TGs are stored in adipocytes. • To supply energy demands fatty acids and glycer ...
Midterm 1 - U of L Class Index
... poly(Glu) and poly(Lys)? Why does the transition occur over such a narrow range of pH? (2 marks) At pH > 6, the carboxyl groups of poly(Glu) are fully deprotonated; repulsion among negatively charged carboxylate groups leads to unfolding of the α helix. However, at pH < 4.2 (pKa of Glu), the side ch ...
... poly(Glu) and poly(Lys)? Why does the transition occur over such a narrow range of pH? (2 marks) At pH > 6, the carboxyl groups of poly(Glu) are fully deprotonated; repulsion among negatively charged carboxylate groups leads to unfolding of the α helix. However, at pH < 4.2 (pKa of Glu), the side ch ...
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Royal Jelly
... the nature. It is also called 10-HDA or royal jelly acid. The content of 10-HDA in RJ is usually around 1.5% - 2,0%. Since it has the function of anticancer and antibacterial effect, it can be added to health food or cosmetics as an active ingredient. 10-HDA represents the main criterion in quality ...
... the nature. It is also called 10-HDA or royal jelly acid. The content of 10-HDA in RJ is usually around 1.5% - 2,0%. Since it has the function of anticancer and antibacterial effect, it can be added to health food or cosmetics as an active ingredient. 10-HDA represents the main criterion in quality ...
N-Terminal Intramolecularly Conserved Histidines of Three Domains
... full-length luciferase cDNA (4037 bp) has an open reading frame (ORF) of 3723 bp and encodes the 136 994 Da luciferase molecule (5). The ORF (Figure 1) contains an N-terminal sequence of 111 amino acids, which is homologous to the N-terminal region of the substrate-binding protein, LBP. This is foll ...
... full-length luciferase cDNA (4037 bp) has an open reading frame (ORF) of 3723 bp and encodes the 136 994 Da luciferase molecule (5). The ORF (Figure 1) contains an N-terminal sequence of 111 amino acids, which is homologous to the N-terminal region of the substrate-binding protein, LBP. This is foll ...
Buffer Solutions in Ocular Irrigation
... Is Normal Saline a buffer? it dissociates--the stronger ones break up more readily, No. Normal Saline is formed by combining a salt (NaCl) with producing more free ions. purified water. Since it has no Buffer solutions are able to buffering capability, it irrigates chemically combine with these only ...
... Is Normal Saline a buffer? it dissociates--the stronger ones break up more readily, No. Normal Saline is formed by combining a salt (NaCl) with producing more free ions. purified water. Since it has no Buffer solutions are able to buffering capability, it irrigates chemically combine with these only ...
KETONE BODY METABOLISM - Qassim College of Medicine
... – In starvation the fatty acids [and amino acids] are used for energy needs of the body after the glucose reserves are finished. – This results in overproduction of Acetyl CoA which is not fully handled by TCA cycle . – TCA cycle is impaired due to deficiency of oxaloacetate which is diverted to glu ...
... – In starvation the fatty acids [and amino acids] are used for energy needs of the body after the glucose reserves are finished. – This results in overproduction of Acetyl CoA which is not fully handled by TCA cycle . – TCA cycle is impaired due to deficiency of oxaloacetate which is diverted to glu ...
GC-content of synonymous codons profoundly influences amino
... investigate the amino acid usage and codon usage based on GCsyn (Table S1). Our analyses show evidences for a connection between the usage and the number of synonymous codons for each amino acid. First, within each group of amino acid described above, there is one amino acid (i.e. Arg, Leu or Ile) f ...
... investigate the amino acid usage and codon usage based on GCsyn (Table S1). Our analyses show evidences for a connection between the usage and the number of synonymous codons for each amino acid. First, within each group of amino acid described above, there is one amino acid (i.e. Arg, Leu or Ile) f ...
Pod photosynthesis and seed dark CO2 fixation support oil
... up to 30 DAA and then decreased during the later intervals. Rate of transpiration followed a pattern similar to that of stomatal conductance and was maximum at day 30 after anthesis. Internal CO2 concentration remained almost unchanged around 290ppm till maturity. The decrease in photosynthesis duri ...
... up to 30 DAA and then decreased during the later intervals. Rate of transpiration followed a pattern similar to that of stomatal conductance and was maximum at day 30 after anthesis. Internal CO2 concentration remained almost unchanged around 290ppm till maturity. The decrease in photosynthesis duri ...
Fermentation for Liquid-type Yogurt with Lactobacillus casei 911LC
... µmol/ml at 44 h. The amount of total bitter amino acids also the highest as 5.17 µmol/ml at 44 h. Among bitter amino acids, leucine and tyrosine were released more through the fermentation period. Gel electrophoresis No significant change in electrophoretic pattern was found during the 72 h fermenta ...
... µmol/ml at 44 h. The amount of total bitter amino acids also the highest as 5.17 µmol/ml at 44 h. Among bitter amino acids, leucine and tyrosine were released more through the fermentation period. Gel electrophoresis No significant change in electrophoretic pattern was found during the 72 h fermenta ...
How will Hemoglobin Affect the Winner of this Year`s Super Bowl
... matter as much. Proteins do not exist as a string of amino acids, but must fold into a 3 dimensional (3D) shape to function. These folded proteins exist in a water environment. Proteins fold based on the chemical characteristics of their amino acids. The 3D shape is very important for each protein t ...
... matter as much. Proteins do not exist as a string of amino acids, but must fold into a 3 dimensional (3D) shape to function. These folded proteins exist in a water environment. Proteins fold based on the chemical characteristics of their amino acids. The 3D shape is very important for each protein t ...
23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... does not have an “iso” group; it is leucine that has an isobutyl substituent—isoleucine has a sec-butyl substituent. Each of the amino acids has both a three-letter abbreviation (the first three letters of the name in most cases) and a single-letter abbreviation. Two amino acid side chains—serine an ...
... does not have an “iso” group; it is leucine that has an isobutyl substituent—isoleucine has a sec-butyl substituent. Each of the amino acids has both a three-letter abbreviation (the first three letters of the name in most cases) and a single-letter abbreviation. Two amino acid side chains—serine an ...
BU32451456
... Fig 4(b): The plot of Z-Score of 3RHW (template) To study the binding modes of the chosen benzodiazepine drug molecules in the active sites of modeled human GABRG2, molecular docking study is performed by LigandFit program of DS. Apart from these, other input parameters for docking are also consider ...
... Fig 4(b): The plot of Z-Score of 3RHW (template) To study the binding modes of the chosen benzodiazepine drug molecules in the active sites of modeled human GABRG2, molecular docking study is performed by LigandFit program of DS. Apart from these, other input parameters for docking are also consider ...
Scoring the Alignment of Amino Acid Sequences
... We can summarize these observations using the language of probability theory. We will use the notation (A|L, t) to mean: “A certain position in our sequence initially contains Leucine and at time, t, it contains Alanine.” Another way of saying this is, “After t time units the position contains Alan ...
... We can summarize these observations using the language of probability theory. We will use the notation (A|L, t) to mean: “A certain position in our sequence initially contains Leucine and at time, t, it contains Alanine.” Another way of saying this is, “After t time units the position contains Alan ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... Materials and methods preinoculum and grown for 3 h in the shaker at 37 ºC to an OD600 of 0.5-0.6. Cells are then chilled on ice and centrifuged at 4,000 x g for 20 min at 4 ºC. Cells should be kept at 4 ºC for the subsequent steps. After that, the pellet is immediately resuspended in 500 ml of ste ...
... Materials and methods preinoculum and grown for 3 h in the shaker at 37 ºC to an OD600 of 0.5-0.6. Cells are then chilled on ice and centrifuged at 4,000 x g for 20 min at 4 ºC. Cells should be kept at 4 ºC for the subsequent steps. After that, the pellet is immediately resuspended in 500 ml of ste ...
Calculation of the Free Energy of Solvation for Neutral Analogs of
... corresponded to approximately 3000 water molecules or alternatively 500 – 600 cyclohexane or chloroform molecules at the experimental density. The nonbonded interactions were evaluated using a twin range cutoff of 0.8 and 1.4 nm. Interactions within the shorter range cutoff were evaluated every step ...
... corresponded to approximately 3000 water molecules or alternatively 500 – 600 cyclohexane or chloroform molecules at the experimental density. The nonbonded interactions were evaluated using a twin range cutoff of 0.8 and 1.4 nm. Interactions within the shorter range cutoff were evaluated every step ...
Day 2 Western blotting
... dithiothreitol /DTT). Proteins solubilised in SDS bind the detergent uniformly along their length to a level of 1.4g SDS/g protein. This creates a charge/mass ratio which is consistent between proteins. For this reason, separation on a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS occurs by mass alone, ...
... dithiothreitol /DTT). Proteins solubilised in SDS bind the detergent uniformly along their length to a level of 1.4g SDS/g protein. This creates a charge/mass ratio which is consistent between proteins. For this reason, separation on a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS occurs by mass alone, ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.